This is beta site. https://beta.mathcity.org/ 2026-06-09T09:00:49+00:00 https://beta.mathcity.org/ https://beta.mathcity.org/_media/logo.png text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/multiple-choice-questions-_bsc-bs-ppsc_-akhtar-abbas?rev=1737476041&do=diff Multiple Choice Questions (BSc/BS/PPSC) by Akhtar Abbas [Multiple Choice Questions (BSc/BS/PPSC)] These notes are made and shared by Mr. Akhtar Abbas. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his efforts to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are given in these notes, which might be helpful in BSc, BS or Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) exams.$a$$b$$n$$na > b$$(p − 1)! \equiv −1(mod p)$$p$$p$$p$ text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/advanced-analysis-handwritten-notes?rev=1737476041&do=diff Advanced Analysis: Handwritten Notes [Advanced Analysis: Handwritten Notes] These notes are provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. We are really very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org It covers the complete syllabus of Advanced Analysis paper of MSc Mathematics. See the contents of the notes given below to see the topics covered by these notes. text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/advanced-analysis-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&do=diff Advance Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat [Advance Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat] These notes are send by Ms. Iqra Liaqat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org Name Advance Analysis Sender Ms. Iqra Liaqat Author $\sigma$ text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/algebra?rev=1737476041&do=diff Notes of Algebra All the notes of algebra are given here. [All the notes of algebra] <well> <caption> Algebra II by Syed Sheraz Asghar </caption> A notes of Algebra-II composed by Muzammil Tanveer. We are very thankful to him for sending these notes. </well><well> <caption> Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid </caption> Linear Algebra is the study of vectors and linear transformations. Best notes to prepare the subject written by text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/analysis?rev=1737476041&do=diff Notes of Analysis advanced-analysis-handwritten-notes Advanced Analysis: Handwritten Notes Advanced-Analysis-iqra-liaqat Advance Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat Complex-Analysis-Dr-Amir-Mahmood Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis) Complex-Analysis-M-Usman-Hamid Complex Analysis by M Usman Hamid complex-analysis-iqra-liaqat Complex Analysis (Notes) by Ms. Iqra Liaqat Complex-Analysis-Quick-Review Complex Analysis (Quick Review) Akhtar Abbas fundamental-of-complex-… text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&do=diff Complex Analysis (Notes) by Ms. Iqra Liaqat [Notes of Complex Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat] These notes are send by Ms. Iqra Liaqat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org Complex analysis is the study of functions of complex numbers. It is useful in a variety of mathematical fields, such as algebraic geometry, number theory, analytic combinatorics, and applied mathematics, as well as in physics fields like… text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&do=diff Complex Analysis by M Usman Hamid [Complex Analysis by M Usman Hamid] We are really very thankful to Muhammad Usman Hamid for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org It covers the one part of the syllabus of Complex Analysis paper of MSc Mathematics. See the contents of the notes given below to see the topics covered by these notes.$$ x^2+4=0, x^2+x+1=0 \text{ and } x^2-2x+3=0 $$$i=\sqrt{-1}$$i^2=-1$ text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-kaushef_salamat?rev=1737476041&do=diff Differential Geometry (Notes) by Ms. Kaushef Salamat [Differential Geometry by Ms. Kaushef Salamat] Differential Geometry is an important field in the mathematical sciences. Usually, this is a compulsory or core subject for BS mathematics students. These notes are send by Ms. Kaushef Salamat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&do=diff Differential Geometry by M Usman Hamid [Differential Geometry by M Usman Hamid] These notes are initially provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. Later send by many persons. We are really very thankful to all for providing these notes and appreciates their effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-m-usman-hamid-and-zeeshan-ahmad?rev=1737476041&do=diff Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad [Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad] These notes are send by Muhammad Usman Hamid and written by Muhammad Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciate his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Usman is dedicated and committed mathematician, who is working very hard for better understanding of mathematics to it readers. text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fuzzy-sets-theory-umar-saeed-bunarai?rev=1737476041&do=diff Fuzzy Sets Theory by Umar Saeed Bunarai [Fuzzy Sets Theory by Umar Saeed Bunarai] In the field of mathematics known as fuzzy set theory, sets having varying degrees of membership are studied. This implies that an element can be a member of a set only partially or not at all. In several disciplines, including logic, control, data analysis, and decision-making, fuzzy set theory is used to model uncertainty, vagueness, and imprecision. text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-method-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476041&do=diff Mathematical Method by Sir Muhammad Awais Aun [Mathematical Method by Muzammil Tanveer] Mathematical methods are the approaches employed by mathematicians to address issues in mathematics and science. Algebra, functions, relations and associated graphs, calculus, and statistics are examples of mathematical techniques. Through their usage in resolving practical issues, they are applied to modelling. text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-statistics-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&do=diff Mathematical Statistics by Ms. Iqra Liaqat [Mathematical Statistics by Ms. Iqra Liaqat] These notes are send by Ms. Iqra Liaqat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org Name Mathematical Statistics Provided by text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/measure-theory-by-anwar-khan?rev=1737476041&do=diff Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan [Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan] Measure theory is a branch of mathematics concerned with the concept of “measure,” which is a method of assigning a numerical value to specific sets. The concepts of length, area, and volume are generalised via measurements to more abstract environments, such as infinite-dimensional spaces and areas that cannot be seen.$X$$\sigma-$$X$$\sigma-$$\sigma-$$\lim\limits_{k\to \infty} \sup A_k$$\lim\limits_{k\to \infty} \inf A_k$… text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/measure-thoery-muhsa?rev=1737476041&do=diff Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid & Saima Akram [Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid & Saima Akram] The study of measures on sets is the focus of the mathematical field known as measure theory. A measure is a function that gives specific subsets of a given set a non-negative real integer, indicating their size inferentially. The concept of measure is a formalisation and generalisation of common concepts like mass and event probability as well as geometrical measurements (length, area, and volume). text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/method-of-mathematical-physics-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&do=diff Method of Mathematical Physics by Mr. Muhammad Usman Hamid [Method of Mathematical Physics by Mr. Muhammad Usman Hamid] Method of Mathematical Physics is an area of mathematics concerned with the application of mathematical methods to physics problems. Mathematical techniques for statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics are all included in this large field. text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/note-for-numerical-methods-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&do=diff Notes for Numerical Methods by M Usman Hamid [Notes for Numerical Methods by M Usman Hamid] These notes are initially provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. Later the updated version is send by Muhammad Tahir. We are really very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan and Muhammad Tahir for providing these notes and appreciates their effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org$\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)$$\left(\frac{3}{8}\right)$ text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/numerical-analysis-by-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&do=diff Numerical Analysis by M Usman Hamid These notes are initially provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. Later the updated version is send by Muhammad Tahir. We are really very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan and Muhammad Tahir for providing these notes and appreciates their effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/theory-of-relativity-and-analytic-dynamics?rev=1737476042&do=diff Theory of Relativity & Analytic Dynamics: Handwritten Notes [Theory of Relativity & Analytic Dynamics: Handwritten Notes] Theory of Relativity and Analytic Dynamics is a subject that encompasses two distinct topics: relativity theory and analytic dynamics. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity defines the fundamental principles that control how moving objects behave in relation to one another and to the observer. The motion of objects as a result of forces and torques is the subject of analyt… text/html 2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/topology-and-functional-analysis-solved-pu?rev=1737476042&do=diff Topology and Functional Analysis Solved Paper by Noman Khalid These solved papers are written and provided by Mr. noman-khalid. We are very thankful to him for providing these notes to publish on MathCity.org. Topology and Functional Analysis is considered as one the tough subject in BS/MSc Mathematics in different universities. Here solved paper for the said subject is given for the University of the Punjab (PU), Lahore.