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        <title>University of Sargodha (Old Papers): BSc (Mathematics only)</title>
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        <description>University of Sargodha (Old Papers): BSc (Mathematics only)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/math-dept-uos.jpg alt=&quot;Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha&quot; class=mediacenter /&gt;

Old/previous papers of BSc (Mathematics), University of Sargodha, Sargodha are posted on this page. There are three type of papers in BSc: General Mathematics, A-Course of Mathematics and B-Course of Mathematics. The A-Course of Mathematics is renamed from</description>
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        <title>Khuram Ali Khan</title>
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&lt;WRAP group&gt;
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Khuram Ali Khan, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of Mathematics

University of Sargodha

Sargodha - PAKISTAN.

Email: &lt;khuram@MathCity.org&gt;



Field of Research: Difference and functional equations, Real functions, Mathematical inequalities involving convex functions, Time Scales Calculus, Soft Sets
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        <title>University of the Punjab, Lahore (Old Papers)</title>
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[Old paper PU]
Old papers for BSc (Mathematics), University of the Punjab, Lahore.  From 2016, BSc has been split in to two parts. There will be exam after each year. Syllabus and chapter-wise paper pattern for Mathematics A &amp; B courses is available</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>University of Gujrat, Gujrat, BSc Old Papers (Mathematics Only)</title>
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        <description>University of Gujrat, Gujrat, BSc Old Papers (Mathematics Only)

Old/previous papers of Mathematics A-Course and B-Course (Double Math) of BSc for University of Gujrat (UoG), Gujrat. Each subject have four papers. We are very thankful to Mr. Ali Sahi for his contribution.</description>
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        <title>View Online: General Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/viewer-general?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online: General Mathematics

Old/previous papers of General Mathematics, University of the Sargodha, Sargodh. PDF can also be downloaded from this page.



Here is the list of papers

	*  General Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2013

	*  General Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2012

	*  General Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2011

	*  General Mathematics: Paper A - 2nd Annual 2010

	*  General Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2010

	*  General Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2008
…</description>
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        <title>Old Question Papers/Model Papers HSSC-I (FSc-I): FBISE</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/fbise-papers?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old Question Papers/Model Papers HSSC-I (FSc-I): FBISE

[FBISE Paper Papers HSSC-I]
Old (past) question papers and model papers of mathematics for HSSC-I (FSc Part 1) conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad.

Paper Pattern

The recommended book for the mathematics paper is</description>
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        <title>Papers (Old/Past/Model): FBISE</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/fbise-papers/view?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Papers (Old/Past/Model): FBISE

Old (or Past) Papers or Model Papers help the students and teachers to get an idea about the paper pattern and distribution of syllabus. This page is created to view or download the old or model papers. Please remember, only old papers or model papers of Mathematics FSc Part 1 (HSSC-I) conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE) are given on this page. List of papers is given below.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/fbise-papers?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old Question Papers/Model Papers HSSC-II (FSc-II): FBISE</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/fbise-papers?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old Question Papers/Model Papers HSSC-II (FSc-II): FBISE

Old (past) question papers and model papers of mathematics (math) for HSSC-II (FSc Part 2) conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad.

Paper Pattern</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics/sargodha_university?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>University of Sargodha, Sargodha (Old Papers)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics/sargodha_university?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>University of Sargodha, Sargodha (Old Papers)


&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/UoS_Gate.jpg class=mediacenter /&gt;

&lt;callout type=“tip” icon=“true”&gt;

	*  To open or print a DjVu file, you must have some DjVu file viewer, e.g. WinDjVu. It can be downloaded from  here 
	*  From 1st Annual 2013, the paper pattern has been changed. Check the complete syllabus &lt;div&gt;
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/fbise-papers/view?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Papers (Old/Past/Model): FBISE - FSc-II</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/fbise-papers/view?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Papers (Old/Past/Model): FBISE - FSc-II

Old (or Past) Papers or Model Papers help the students and teachers to get an idea about the paper pattern and distribution of syllabus. This page is created to view or download the old or model papers. Please remember, only old papers or model papers of Mathematics FSc Part 2 (HSSC-II) conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE) are given on this page. List of papers is given below.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/viewer-b-course?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online: B-Course of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/viewer-b-course?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online: B-Course of Mathematics

Old/previous papers of B-Course of Mathematics, University of the Sargodha, Sargodha. The old name of this subject is “Pure Mathematics”. The PDF of the paper can be downloaded from this page.



Here is the list of papers</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online: A-Course of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/viewer-a-course?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online: A-Course of Mathematics

Old/previous papers of BSc (only mathematics), University of the Sargodha, Sargodh. PDF can also be downloaded from this page.



Here is the list of papers

	*  A-Course of Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2017

	*  Pure Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2013

	*  Pure Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2012

	*  Pure Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2010

	*  Pure Mathematics: Paper A - 1st Annual 2007

	*  A-Course of Mathematics: Paper B - 1st Annual 20…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-608?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-608: History of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-608?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-608: History of Mathematics

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;https://dl.dropbox.com/u/64787761/Timeline_of_the_History_of_Mathematics.png&quot; alt=&quot;Time line&quot; title=&quot;Time line&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Course contents

History of Numerations: Egyptian, Babylonian, Hindu and Arabic contributions. Algebra: Including the contributions of Al-Khwarzmi and Ibn Kura.
Geometry: the areas, the work of Al-Toussi on Euclud’s axioms, Analysis.
The Calculus: Newton, Leibniz and Gauss, The concept of limit…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics Conferences</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics Conferences

&lt;callout type=“warning” title=“Page Moved to Mathematical Events” icon=“true”&gt;
This page will no longer be updated. To spread the scope of this page, it has been merged with Mathematics Events.
&lt;/callout&gt;
Conferences can be ideal places to meet with professionals and present our work to live audience to get engage with them. It might be best place to find collaborators from with in country and outside of the country. On this page we have posted mathematics conferences oc…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_general_mathematics_split_program?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus &amp; Paper Pattern for General Mathematics (Split Program)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_general_mathematics_split_program?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus &amp; Paper Pattern for General Mathematics (Split Program)

There was one examination after two years for BA/BSc Program from University of Punjab (PU), Lahore but from this year (2016), PU has made changes in its examination policies for the said program. The BA/BSc Program has been split into two parts. Syllabus is break into two part year wise. After the each year of the program candidate has to appeared in examination instead of appearing after two year. In this regards syllabus of Gen…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Mathematics

[Notes of Mathematics]
Mathematics is a language of science and is a basic need for physical or natural sciences as well as social sciences. On this page, notes on different subjects related to mathematics are listed. These notes or resources might be helpful for ADS or BS or MSc or MPhil Mathematics. These notes are send by different students or teachers. We are very thankful to them for sending us these notes. These notes are provided as it is as open educational resource…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus and paper pattern</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus and paper pattern

In Pakistan, BSc is a 2 year programme after FSc or FA. One can choose either a one course of mathematics known as “General Mathematics” or two courses of mathematics, in University of the Punjab, Lahore these are known as</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old papers for BSc (Mathematics only)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old papers for BSc (Mathematics only)

Previous/Past old papers of the University of the Punjab, Lahore and University of Sargodha for General Mathematics, Mathematics A Course and Mathematics B Course.

&lt;well&gt;

	*  University of the Punjab, Lahore (Old Papers)
Previous/Past old papers of General Mathematics, A-Course of Mathematics and B-Course of Mathematics for the University of the Punjab, Lahore - PAKISTAN.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/feb?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Quotes for the February</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/feb?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Quotes for the February



“”“”“”


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“”“”“”


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“”“”“”


---

“”“”“”


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“”“”“</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-608/what_is_mathematics?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>What is Mathematics?</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-608/what_is_mathematics?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>What is Mathematics?



Different people would gave different answers of the above title. A student in elementary school would probably say it was about adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. Oh yes--- about functions and decimals too. A student in high school would probably say that it is about learning rules and formulas to solve equations. Oh yes</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-300?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-300: Basic Mathematics for Chemist</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-300?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-300: Basic Mathematics for Chemist

&lt;WRAP center round box 70%&gt;
Without mathematics the sciences cannot be understood, nor made clear, nor taught, nor learned. (Roger Bacon, 1214–1292)
&lt;/WRAP&gt;

Course contents

Introdtuction; Review of basic algebra, Graphs and their significance in chemistry. Trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Differentiation, partial differentiation, differential equations and their use in chemical problems. Concept of maxima and minima. integration, De…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_general?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>General Mathematics 9</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_general?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>General Mathematics 9

[General Mathematics 9th Class]
There are ten chapters in General Mathematics 9 for Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. Solutions of all the chapters are given below. One can download the PDF file of the notes. Please remember that, to view these notes one must have PDF reader installed in their system. We will try our best to add online view of the notes very soon.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/chem-501?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>CHEM-501: Basic Mathematics for Chemist</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/chem-501?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>CHEM-501: Basic Mathematics for Chemist

Course contents

Introdtuction; Review of basic algebra, Graphs and their significance in chemistry. Trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Differentiation, partial differentiation, differential equations and their use in chemical problems. Concept of maxima and minima. integration, Determinants and Matrices, their properties and use in chemical problems. solutions of linear equations (simple, determinant and matrices methods), operator the…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/apr?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Quotes for the April</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/apr?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Quotes for the April



“”“”“”
لیو لینڈاؤ (1908-1968)
---Lev Landau (1908-1968)
---

“”“”“”
Hannes Alfvén (1908-1995)
---Hannes Alfvén (1908-1995)
---

“”“”“”
جوزف برٹرینڈ (1822-1900)
---Joseph Bertrand (1822-1900)</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/events/sibau-pmo-2022?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Pakistan Mathematics Competitions (PMC) 2022 (1-3 April 2022)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/events/sibau-pmo-2022?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Pakistan Mathematics Competitions (PMC) 2022 (1-3 April 2022)

[Pakistan Mathematics Competitions (PMC) 2022]
Mathematics Society – SIBAU is an active society, which has organized series of
successfully events in the past. These events were Inter University Mathematics
Olympiad 2014, 2015, National Mathematical Olympiad 2016, Pakistan National
Mathematical Olympiad 2017, Calculus Contest 2017, Calculus Contest 2018, National
Calculus Contest 2019, Pakistan National Mathematical Olympiad 2019 and…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/history-of-mathematics-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>History of Mathematics by Muhammad Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/history-of-mathematics-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>History of Mathematics by Muhammad Usman Hamid

[History of Mathematics by Muhammad Usman Hamid]

Mathematics is a unique aspect of human thought, and its history differs in essence from all other histories. These notes are written by Muhammad Usman Hamid. We are very thankful to him for sharing these notes on our website.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-mock-interview-mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>PPSC Mock Interview Lecturer Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-mock-interview-mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>PPSC Mock Interview Lecturer Mathematics

[PPSC Mock Interview Lecturer Mathematics]
This handout is shared by Mr. Rashad Wattu and written by Sawaira Sikandar. We are really very thankful to him for providing this handout and appreciates his efforts to publish it on MathCity.org. 
This handout contains the questions collected from the different interviews of the Lecturer in Mathematics conducted by Public Service Commission (PSC). This is help full to prepare interview of all types of jobs whic…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus/pu?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus for PU</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus/pu?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus for PU

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/logopu.gif alt=&quot;University of the Punjab Logo&quot; class=mediaright /&gt;

Syllabus and scheme of studies for Regular/Private students doing MSc Mathematics from University of the Punjab, Lahore. 

2 years M.Sc Mathematics programme consists of two parts namely Part-I and Part II. The regulation, Syllabi and Courses of Reading for the M.Sc. (Mathematics) Part-I and Part-II (Regular Scheme) are given below.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc Part 1 (Mathematics): KPK</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc Part 1 (Mathematics): KPK

[A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI]
&lt;lead&gt;A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by Khybar Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. The book has total of twelve (12) chapters. &lt;/lead&gt; 
&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc/ICS Part 1 (Mathematics): KPK</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc/ICS Part 1 (Mathematics): KPK

[A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI]
&lt;lead&gt;A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by Khybar Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. The book has total of twelve (12) chapters. &lt;/lead&gt; 
&lt;callout type=“info” icon=</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_ppsc_written_tests_for_lecturer_mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old PPSC Written tests for Lecturer (Mathematics)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_ppsc_written_tests_for_lecturer_mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old PPSC Written tests for Lecturer (Mathematics)

	*  Previous Written tests (papers)  of Punjab Public Service Commission, Lahore for Lecturer in Mathematics.

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;

	*  From now the PPSC will conduct a MCQs test for this post. &lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus/Model Papers for Sargodha University</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus/Model Papers for Sargodha University

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/UoS_Gate.jpg class=&quot;mediaright&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;



Syllabus for the subjects General Mathematics, A-Course of Mathematics and B-Course of Mathematics for BSc (private and regular) from University of Sargodha, Sargodha - PAKISTAN. Every subject consists of two papers of 100 marks each. In every paper there are three sections with four questions. A student have to attempt two questions from each se…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus/uos?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus for UoS (Private only)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus/uos?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus for UoS (Private only)


&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/UoS_Gate.jpg class=mediacenter /&gt;
Syllabus and scheme of studies for private students doing MSc Mathematics from University of Sargodha, Sargodha.
&lt;WRAP center round alert 90%&gt;
The syllabus has been changed and few optional subjects has been dropped. Please be alert</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Papers</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Papers

&lt;callout type=“primary” icon=“true”&gt;
If you have any paper, which you think are also useful for others. you can send us (soft copy by email or hard copy by post) to publish on this page. Read more about here
&lt;/callout&gt;

&lt;WRAP paper center round 85%&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa20-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Fall 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa20-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Fall 2020)



Course Objectives:

Discrete Mathematics is branch of Mathematics which deals with discrete structures
like logic. sequences, graphs, relations in contrast to Calculus. where we enjoy the
continuity of functions and the set of real numbers. This course is introduction to
discrete structures which are not the part of main stream courses.
Discrete Mathematics has applications in Computer Science. Economics and Decision
Making etc. This course will help t…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp21-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Fall 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp21-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Fall 2020)



Course Objectives:

Discrete Mathematics is branch of Mathematics which deals with discrete structures
like logic. sequences, graphs, relations in contrast to Calculus. where we enjoy the
continuity of functions and the set of real numbers. This course is introduction to
discrete structures which are not the part of main stream courses.
Discrete Mathematics has applications in Computer Science. Economics and Decision
Making etc. This course will help t…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp22-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Spring 2022)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp22-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Spring 2022)



Course Objectives:

Discrete Mathematics is branch of Mathematics which deals with discrete structures
like logic. sequences, graphs, relations in contrast to Calculus. where we enjoy the
continuity of functions and the set of real numbers. This course is introduction to
discrete structures which are not the part of main stream courses.
Discrete Mathematics has applications in Computer Science. Economics and Decision
Making etc. This course will help…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/computing-tools-for-mathematics-asif-arshad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Computing Tools for Mathematics by Asif Arshad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/computing-tools-for-mathematics-asif-arshad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Computing Tools for Mathematics by Asif Arshad

[omputing Tools for Mathematics by Asif Arshad]
Computing tools for mathematics are algorithms that use computers to solve mathematical issues. They are employed in a number of scientific, technical, industrial, and technological domains where computer is crucial and central. They may assist in creating precise and effective numerical techniques, for instance, to solve physical or biological models.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/mar?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Quotes for the March</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/mar?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Quotes for the March



“”“”“”
“”
“”
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“”</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_a_and_b_course_of_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus &amp; Paper Pattern for A and B Course of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_a_and_b_course_of_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus &amp; Paper Pattern for A and B Course of Mathematics

&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
This is a new page created to discuss the syllabus or course outline of PU splitted into two part. It will take some time to complete this page. Please stay in touch with this page to be updated.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp20-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Spring 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp20-mth211?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH211: Discrete Mathematics (Spring 2020)



Course Objectives:

Discrete Mathematics is branch of Mathematics which deals with discrete structures
like logic. sequences, graphs, relations in contrast to Calculus. where we enjoy the
continuity of functions and the set of real numbers. This course is introduction to
discrete structures which are not the part of main stream courses.
Discrete Mathematics has applications in Computer Science. Economics and Decision
Making etc. This course will help…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/events/mathematics-olympiad-2019-sukkur-iba?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics Olympiad 2019 Sukkur IBA (11-13 November 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/events/mathematics-olympiad-2019-sukkur-iba?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics Olympiad 2019 Sukkur IBA (11-13 November 2019)

[Mathematics Olympiad 2019]
Mathematical Olympiad is a contest of mathematics among the students. It is a very healthy activity to promote and learn mathematics. Contents for the test are as follows:

	*  Qudratic equations and expressions</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus/Model Papers for Punjab University</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus/Model Papers for Punjab University

&lt;WRAP bsc center 85%&gt; 
Syllabus &amp; Paper Pattern for General Mathematics (Split Program) NEW

New syllabus and paper pattern for BSc General Mathematics for University of the Punjab for 1st year only&lt;/WRAP&gt;

&lt;WRAP bsc center 85%&gt; 
Syllabus &amp; Paper Pattern for A and B Course of Mathematics NEW

New syllabus and paper pattern for BSc Double Mathematics for University of the Punjab for 1st year only&lt;/WRAP&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/events?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics Events</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/events?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics Events

This page is dedicated to events related to field of mathematics, which includes conferences, seminars, workshops, games, occurring all over the country (PAKISTAN).

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
If you wish to add upcoming mathematical event on this page, please contact to</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc/ICS Part 2 (Mathematics): PTB</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc/ICS Part 2 (Mathematics): PTB

[Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12]
&lt;lead&gt;Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc/ICS Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan. There are total seven (7) units in this book.&lt;/lead&gt; 
One this page we have posted Notes (Solutions), MCQs, short question, sample papers and old papers related to this subject. This book has wide scope and it is part of syllabus of Mathematics in FSc/ICS from all board (Boar…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/may?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Quotes for the May</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day/may?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Quotes for the May



“”“”“”
مورس کلائن (1908-1992)
---Morris Kline (1908-1992)
---

“”“”“”
 ڈی آرسی تھامسن (1860-1948)
---D&#039;Arcy Thompson (1860-1948)
---

“”“”“”
Vito Volterra (1860-1940)
---Vito Volterra (1860-1940)</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_general/view?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Matric 9th (General): Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_general/view?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Matric 9th (General): Online View



List of all chapters

	*  VIEW Unit 01: Percentage Ratio and Proportion

	*  VIEW Unit 02: Zakat, Ushr and Inheritance

	*  VIEW Unit 03: Business Mathematics

	*  VIEW Unit 04: Financial Mathematics

	*  VIEW Unit 05: Consumer Mathematics

	*  VIEW Unit 06: Exponents and Logarithms

	*  VIEW Unit 07: Arithmatic and Geometric Sequence

	*  VIEW Unit 08: Sets and Functions

	*  VIEW Unit 09: Linear Graphs

	*  VIEW Unit 10: Basic Statistic

matric 9th_general</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Atiq ur Rehman, PhD</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Atiq ur Rehman, PhD

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=images/dr-atiq.jpg class=mediacenter width=90% \&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;WRAP indent&gt;
Atiq ur Rehman, PhD

Associate Professor (Tenured)

Department of Mathematics

COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus

Kamra Road, Attock - PAKISTAN.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;

Email: &lt;Atiq@MathCity.org&gt;, &lt;atiq@cuiatk.edu.pk&gt;

Field of Research: Difference and functional equations, Real functions, Inequalities in monotonic and convex functions</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/mathematician_of_the_day?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematician of the day</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/mathematician_of_the_day?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematician of the day



The complete list of the mathematician who were born or died today is given at the following URL

	*  &lt;https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/OfTheDay/today/&gt;

It is worth mentioning that “The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive” is  a database of famous mathematician and mathematics archive created by by John J O&#039;Connor and Edmund F Robertson is available at the following</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/participate?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Participate</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/participate?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Participate

&lt;callout type=“tip” icon=“true”&gt;
If you have written notes, then why not share on MathCity.org with others. This is your help to mathematics students and teachers (یہ صدقہ جاریہ ہے). You may send us hard copies, we will return your notes after scanning and publish it on MathCity.org. Please contact</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>PPSC General Information, Syllabus, Paper Pattern</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>~~DISCUSSION~~

PPSC General Information, Syllabus, Paper Pattern

[PPSC]
Our aim is to give general information, syllabus and paper pattern of paper couducted by Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) for the post of Lecturer in Mathematics. This page might be helpful for other jobs as subject specialist or for public service commission of other provinces.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa22-mth604?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH604: Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Fall 2022)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa22-mth604?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>~~DISCUSSION~~

MTH604: Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Fall 2022)

[FPTA]

Course Objectives:

This course is intended as a brief introduction to the subject with a focus on Banach Fixed Point theorems fixed point theorem and its application to nonlinear differential equations, nonlinear integral equations, real and complex implicit functions theorems and system of nonlinear equations. Some generalizations and similar results e. g.  Kannan Fixed Point theorems, Banach Fixed Point theorem f…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp20-mth604?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH604: Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Spring 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp20-mth604?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>~~DISCUSSION~~

MTH604: Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Spring 2020)

Course Objectives:

This course is intended as a brief introduction to the subject with a focus on Banach Fixed Point theorems fixed point theorem and its application to nonlinear differential equations, nonlinear integral equations, real and complex implicit functions theorems and system of nonlinear equations. Some generalizations and similar results e. g.  Kannan Fixed Point theorems, Banach Fixed Point theorem for mul…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp21-mth604?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH604: Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Spring 2021)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp21-mth604?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>~~DISCUSSION~~

MTH604: Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Spring 2021)

Course Objectives:

This course is intended as a brief introduction to the subject with a focus on Banach Fixed Point theorems fixed point theorem and its application to nonlinear differential equations, nonlinear integral equations, real and complex implicit functions theorems and system of nonlinear equations. Some generalizations and similar results e. g.  Kannan Fixed Point theorems, Banach Fixed Point theorem for mul…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_of_m.phil._university_of_sargodha?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old Papers of M.Phil. University of Sargodha</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_of_m.phil._university_of_sargodha?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old Papers of M.Phil. University of Sargodha

M.Phil. (Mathematics) and MS (Mathematics) are equivalent programs. University of Sargodha (SU) is offering M.Phil in Mathematics. The reason might be that this institution was offering M.Sc program in Mathematics while BS was not launched in this prestigious institute. For the benefits of students and teacher, we are here sharing old  Admission Test, M. Phil. (Mathematics), University of Sargodha, Sargodha.&lt;img src=../images/math_uos.jpg class=&quot;medi…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/anwar-khan?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Anwar Khan, PhD</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/anwar-khan?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Anwar Khan, PhD

[Dr. Anwar Khan]

There are several advantages to being a strong mathematics student. It not only offers a solid basis for logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities, but it also widens the range of career options. Persistence and discipline are skills that are beneficial in all facets of life, and they are qualities that are required of maths students. A sense of satisfaction and self-confidence that come from excelling in mathematics can also have a good impact on one&#039;s a…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/applied_mathematics_chapterwise?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Applied Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/applied_mathematics_chapterwise?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Applied Mathematics

Paper pattern for Applied Mathematics chapter-wise for University of Sargodha is given on this page. This pattern is extracted from syllabus, so use your own risk. Syllabus of Applied Mathematics can be seen here.

Applied Mathematics is consists of two papers of 100 marks each. One is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”. In every paper there are three sections with four questions each. A student have to attempt two questions from each section.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/general_mathematics_chapterwise?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>General Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/general_mathematics_chapterwise?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>General Mathematics

Paper pattern for General Mathematics chapter-wise for University of Sargodha is given on this page. This pattern is provided by Muhammad Siraj (+92-345-5365318). Syllabus of General Mathematics can be seen here.

General Mathematics is consists of two papers of 100 marks each. One is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”. In every paper there are three sections with four questions. A student have to attempt two questions from each section.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/pure_mathematics_chapterwise?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Pure Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/pure_mathematics_chapterwise?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Pure Mathematics

Paper pattern for Pure Mathematics chapter-wise for University of Sargodha is given on this page. This pattern is extracted from syllabus, so use your own risk. Syllabus of Pure Mathematics can be seen here.

Pure Mathematics is consists of two papers of 100 marks each. One is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”. In every paper there are three sections with four questions each. A student have to attempt two questions from each section.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc

Notes (Solutions), MCQs/Objective type questions, model papers and old/previous papers (of FBISE and BISE) given here, are useful for FSc Part 1 and Part 2 (HSSC). Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI and Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12, Punjab Text Book Board Lahore</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics 1 for FSc ICS (NBF)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics 1 for FSc ICS (NBF)

[A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI]
&lt;lead&gt;Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by National Book Foundation (NBF), Islamabad, Pakistan. NBF can be considered as Federal Textbook Board Islamabad. The book has total of nine (9) chapters. &lt;/lead&gt; 
&lt;callout type=</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>BS/MSc</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>BS/MSc

This section mainly divided into three parts. Please see below.




Syllabus for M.Sc Mathematics






Notes of Mathematics





MCQs and Short Questions





Other pages

	*  Old Papers of M.Phil. Quaid-e-Azam University.

	*  Old admission test of ASSMS for Ph.D. Mathematics

	*  Old papers for MSc Mathematics

bs_maths msc</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-608-s2012?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-608: Research Methodology</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-608-s2012?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-608: Research Methodology

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;http://dl.dropbox.com/u/64787761/Research_Methodology.jpeg&quot; alt=&quot;Book cover&quot; title=&quot;Book cover&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Objectives of the course

Introduction to the students will be given that research in mathematics is conducted covering every fact of the research process, finding and defending suitable problems, performing literature survey.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp14-mth231?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH231: Linear Algebra</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp14-mth231?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH231: Linear Algebra

Introduction

Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics deals with algebraic equations, spaces (vector and scalar), linear mappings between such spaces etc. Combined with the theory of calculus, linear algebra ensures to have methodologies to compute the solutions of system of equations (algebraic and differential). Techniques from linear algebra are also used in analytically geometry, engineering, physics, natural sciences and computer sciences and particularly in econ…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/5th-uicpam-2019-lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>5th UMT International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Lahore (March 29th to 31st, 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/5th-uicpam-2019-lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>5th UMT International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Lahore (March 29th to 31st, 2019)

[5th UICPAM-2019]

UMT International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics (UICPAM) was successfully held for last four years. The support and participation of our membership and scholar promote it possible for UICPAM continuely to be held in University of Management and Technology, Lahore during March 29-31, 2019.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/events/5th-icpam-2020-sargodha?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>5th International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, UoS Sargodha (24-25 February 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/events/5th-icpam-2020-sargodha?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>5th International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, UoS Sargodha (24-25 February 2020)

[5th International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, UoS Sargodha (24-25 February 2020]

	*   Conference Name: 5th International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Venue: Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-PAKISTAN.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>22nd International Pure Mathematics Conference on Algebra, Analysis and Geometry (23 to 25 August 2021)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/events/22nd-ipmc-2021?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>22nd International Pure Mathematics Conference on Algebra, Analysis and Geometry (23 to 25 August 2021)

[22nd International Pure Mathematics Conference 2021 (22nd IPMC 2021) on Algebra, Analysis and Geometry]

It will provide a stimulating opportunity to interact with experts from various countries in a variety of branches of pure mathematics. The conference will be organized ONLINE.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/definitions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: FSc Part 2 (Mathematics): PTB</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/definitions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: FSc Part 2 (Mathematics): PTB

On this page, all the definitions of “Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12” (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan are given. We are very thankful to $A=x^2$$f:X\to Y$$X$$f:X\to Y$$y$$Y$$y=ax+b$$x$$y$$f(x)=2x-6$$p(x) = {a_n}{x^n} + {a_{n - 1}}{x^{n - 1}} + {a_{n - 2}}{x^{n - 2}} + ... + {a_1}x + {a_0}$${a_0},\,{a_1},\,{a_2},...,{a_n}$$f(x)=ax+b$$X$$I:X\to X$$X$$Y$$C:X \rightarrow Y$$C(x)=a$$x \in X$$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs/Objective: HSSC-II</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs/Objective: HSSC-II

On this page, MCQ/Objective for FSc-II (HSSC-II) or FSc Part 2 are given.
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=http://mathcity.org/images/mcq2.jpg class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;WRAP center round box 80%&gt;

	*  Short Questions by Mr. Akhtar Abbas NEW
		*  Short Questions without answers by Mr. Akhtar Abbas for FSc Part 2.


&lt;/WRAP&gt;

&lt;WRAP center round box 80%&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old papers for MSc Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old papers for MSc Mathematics

	*  Previous/Past papers of University of the Punjab, Lahore and University of Sargodha.

&lt;WRAP center important round 80%&gt;
If you have any paper to share with us, you can send us a soft copy or a hard copy. Visit &lt;http://www.mathcity.org/participate&gt; for more info.&lt;/WRAP&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/general_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>General Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/general_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>General Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)

This subject is consists of two papers of 100 marks each. One is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”. This syllabus is for 1st Annual 2015 and onward organized by University of Sargodha (UoS), Sargodha.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/about_us?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>About Us</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/about_us?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>About Us

The only purpose of this website is to help students to learn mathematics. This site contains material for the students of  F.Sc., B.Sc., M.Sc., M.Phil. and Ph.D, in the subject of mathematics. The website division has been made according to the different classes for simple navigation. For example, student or teacher searching for notes of F.Sc may see</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/cui?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics CUI: LaTeX Resources</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/cui?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics CUI: LaTeX Resources

 [Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus]

This page contains LaTeX template of CIIT Mathematics, MSc Project and MS Thesis templates.

Templates

Download a zip file given below and extract it by right clicking on the file.

BS Project Template:  (Version 1.5, Uploaded: Sep 29, 2022)$\$$I$$\mathbb{R}$$f:I\to \mathbb{R}$$(\$$$\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta =1$$\begin{equation}
\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta =1
\end{equation}</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc/ICS Part 1 (Mathematics): PTB</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc/ICS Part 1 (Mathematics): PTB

[Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI]
&lt;lead&gt;Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI is published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan. The book has total of 14 chapters.&lt;/lead&gt; 
One this page, we have posted Notes (Solutions), MCQs, short question, sample papers and old papers related to this subject. This book has wide scope and it is part of syllabus of Mathematics in FSc/ICS from all board (Board of Intermediate and Secondary Educa…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T18:32:03+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Home</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/home?rev=1737484323&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Home

Welcome to MathCity.org. Please browse the website by using navigation bar or search the website.


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Updates

	*  | Math 11 (NBF) | Notes of unit 08 for FSc/ICS part 1 mathematics by NBF has been added</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Matric</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Matric

&lt;callout type=“success” icon=“fa fa-info”&gt;
This is a new section. We need to do lot of work to complete this section. We will add notes of mathematics for 9th and 10th classes (general and science).
&lt;/callout&gt;

Mathematics (Science Group)</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-510: Topology</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-510?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-510: Topology

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;../images/Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif&quot; alt=&quot;A continuous deformation (a type of homeomorphism) of a mug into a doughnut (torus) and back.&quot; title=&quot;Topologically equivalence figures&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Topology is an important branch of mathematics that studies all the “qualitative” or “discrete” properties of continuous objects such as manifolds, i.e. all the properties that aren&#039;t changed by any continuous transformations except for the singular (in…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/1st-ncpam-2017?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>1st National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (04-05 May 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/1st-ncpam-2017?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>1st National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (04-05 May 2017)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/math-dept-uos.jpg class=&quot;mediacenter img-responsive&quot; /&gt;

	*   Conference Name: 1st National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Venue: Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-PAKISTAN. 
	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/5th_world_conference_on_21st_century_mathematics_2011_assms_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>5th World Conference on 21st Century Mathematics 2011, ASSMS, Lahore (9-13 February 2011)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/5th_world_conference_on_21st_century_mathematics_2011_assms_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>5th World Conference on 21st Century Mathematics 2011, ASSMS, Lahore (9-13 February 2011)

&lt;img src=http://www.gcu.edu.pk/Images/Lhr/NCM.JPG class=mediacenter /&gt;

	*   Conference Name: 5th World Conference on 21st Century Mathematics 2011
	*  Registration Deadline: December 15, 2010
	*  Conference Date: February 9-13, 2011</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>6th World Conference on 21st Century Mathematics 2013, ASSMS, Lahore (6-9 March 2013)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/6th_world_conferences_on_21st_century_mathematics_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>6th World Conference on 21st Century Mathematics 2013, ASSMS, Lahore (6-9 March 2013)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/ASSMS.jpg class=mediacenter /&gt;

	*   Conference Name: 6th World Conference on 21st Century Mathematics 2013
	*  Registration Deadline: December 31, 2012
	*  Conference Date: March 6-9, 2013
	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/18th-pmc-islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>18th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2017, Islamabad (4-6 August 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/18th-pmc-islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>18th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2017, Islamabad (4-6 August 2017)

[18th PMC Margalla Islamabad, 2017]

It will provide a stimulating opportunity to meet experts from various countries in a variety of branches of mathematics. The entire conference will be organized under one roof at a hotel, in the modern, peaceful, and beautiful federal capital of Pakistan located at the footsteps of the scenic Margalla Hills. We will be able to offer you subsidized accommodation, free meals, fre…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/19th-pmc-islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>19th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2018, Islamabad (17-19 August 2018)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/19th-pmc-islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>19th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2018, Islamabad (17-19 August 2018)

[18th PMC Margalla Islamabad, 2017]

This conference will provide a stimulating opportunity to meet experts from various countries in a variety of branches of pure mathematics. The entire conference will be organized at the modern, peaceful and beautiful federal capital of Pakistan. There will be free lodging for foreign participants in a first class hotel. Several free recreational trips will be organized in and…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icpam-2016?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>2nd International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (November 26-27, 2016)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icpam-2016?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>2nd International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (November 26-27, 2016)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/math-dept-uos.jpg class=&quot;mediacenter img-responsive&quot; /&gt;

	*   Conference Name: International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Registration Deadline: Not known ( &lt;https://docs.google.com/forms/d/16T2QVT-aRuKeFIItMLxTDd_omsQLJ_5cIryhkSmyDx4/edit?usp=sharing&gt; )
	*  Conference Date: November 26-27, 2016</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>3rd International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (November 10-11, 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icpam-2017?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>3rd International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (November 10-11, 2017)

[3rd ICPAM]

	*   Conference Name: International Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Registration Deadline: October 15, 2017 ( &lt;http://icpam.uos.edu.pk/#registration&gt; )
	*  Conference Date: November 10-11, 2017</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/ncma-2018?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>National Conference on Mathematics and Applications, UoS Sargodha (09-10 April 2018)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/ncma-2018?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>National Conference on Mathematics and Applications, UoS Sargodha (09-10 April 2018)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/ncma-2018.jpg class=&quot;mediacenter img-responsive&quot; /&gt;

	*   Conference Name: 2018 National Conference on Mathematics and Applications
	*  Venue: Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-PAKISTAN. 
	*</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>One Day International Symposia on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (January 27, 2014)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/one_day_international_symposia_on_pure_and_applied_mathematics_sargodha?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>One Day International Symposia on Pure and Applied Mathematics UoS Sargodha (January 27, 2014)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/UoS_Gate.jpg class=mediacenter /&gt;

	*   Conference Name: One Day International Symposium on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Registration Deadline: January 18, 2014
	*  Conference Date: January 27, 2014</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Are the functions are same?</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/dyk/1?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Are the functions are same?

[Are the functions are same?]

Consider two functions $f(x)=x+3$ and $\displaystyle g(x)=\frac{x^2-9}{x-3}$. Is $f=g$?

Answer

&lt;WRAP center round red 70%&gt;
A function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$f:A \to B$$f = A$$B$$A$$A$$B$$A=\mathbb{N}$$B=\mathbb{R}$$f(x)=x+1$$1 \mapsto 2$$\quad 2 \mapsto 3$$\quad 3 \mapsto 4$$f = \mathbb{N}$$A=\mathbb{R}$$B=\mathb…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc/ICS Part 2 Solutions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc/ICS Part 2 Solutions

[Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12]

&lt;lead&gt;Notes (Solutions) of Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc/ICS Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore.&lt;/lead&gt; There are seven units in this book and we have work hard to make easy and suitable solutions for students and teachers so that it help them learn things quickly and easily. Please click on a desire unit to view the solution of any particular exercise. This work is licens…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics 9 (Science Group)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics 9 (Science Group)


[Mathematics 9 (Science Group)]
Mathematics 9 is written by Dr. Karamat H. Dar and Prof. Irfan-ul-Haq and this book is published by Carvan Book House, Lahore, Pakistan. This book consist of 302 pages and there are 17 units. Notes of Unit 1 and 3 are provided by $ka + kb + kc$$ac + ad + bc + bd$$a^2 + 2ab + b^2$$a^2 – b^2$$a^2 + 2ab + b^2 – c^2$$a^4 + a^2b^2 + b^4$$a^4 + 4b^4$$x^2 + px + q$$ax^2 + bx + c$$(ax^2 + bx + c) (ax2 + bx + d) + k$$(x + a) (x + b) (x + c) …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematics 10 (Science Group)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematics 10 (Science Group)

[Matric Science 10th Book Cover]
The notes/solutions, definitions, MCQs and important question for Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan are available on this page. Whenever we found the notes we will update this page and will upload notes here. If you wish to contribute and send us the notes please contact us via our $(b^2-4ac)$$ax^2+bx+c$$\mathbb{N}$$\mathbb{W}$$\mathbb{Z}$$E$$O$$P$$\mathbb{Q}$$\cup$$\cap$$\s…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Syllabus for M.Sc Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Syllabus for M.Sc Mathematics

&lt;WRAP  msc center round 85%&gt;  
Syllabus for PU 

Scheme of studies and syllabus for M.Sc Mathematics for University of the Punjab.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;

&lt;WRAP  msc center round 85%&gt;  
Syllabus for UoS (Private only)

Scheme of studies and syllabus for M.Sc Mathematics for University of Sargodha.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/algebra?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Algebra</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/algebra?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Algebra

All the notes of algebra are given here.
[All the notes of algebra]

&lt;well&gt;
&lt;caption&gt;
Algebra II by Syed Sheraz Asghar
&lt;/caption&gt;
A notes of Algebra-II composed by Muzammil Tanveer. We are very thankful to him for sending these notes.
&lt;/well&gt;&lt;well&gt;
&lt;caption&gt;
Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid
&lt;/caption&gt;
Linear Algebra is the study of vectors and linear transformations. Best notes to prepare the subject written by</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-m-usman-hamid-and-zeeshan-ahmad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-m-usman-hamid-and-zeeshan-ahmad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad

[Functional Analysis by M Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad]

These notes are send by Muhammad Usman Hamid and written by Muhammad Usman Hamid and Zeeshan Ahmad. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciate his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. Usman is dedicated and committed mathematician, who is working very hard for better understanding of mathematics to it readers.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fundamental-of-complex-analysis-prof-m-saleem?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Fundamental of Complex Analysis (Solutions of Some Exercises)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fundamental-of-complex-analysis-prof-m-saleem?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Fundamental of Complex Analysis (Solutions of Some Exercises)

[Fundamental of Complex Analysis, Solutions of Some Exercises]

Complex analysis is the study of functions that exist in the complex plane, that is, functions with complex arguments and complex outputs. With roots in the 18th century and the years just before, it is one of the classical branches of mathematics. In the 20th century, significant figures in mathematics who are connected to complex numbers include Euler, Gauss, Riemann, …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/handwritten-notes-real-analysis-asim-marwat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Handwritten Notes of Real Analysis by Asim Marwat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/handwritten-notes-real-analysis-asim-marwat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Handwritten Notes of Real Analysis by Asim Marwat

[Handwritten Notes of Real Analysis by Asim Marwat]

Real analysis is a branch of mathematics that analyses how real numbers, sequences and series, and real functions behave. It focuses on real numbers and frequently extends the real line by including positive and negative infinity. Real analysis investigates a number of the properties of real-valued sequences and functions, including convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiabilit…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/note-for-numerical-methods-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes for Numerical Methods by M Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/note-for-numerical-methods-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes for Numerical Methods by M Usman Hamid

[Notes for Numerical Methods by M Usman Hamid]
These notes are initially provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. Later the updated version is send by Muhammad Tahir. We are really very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan and Muhammad Tahir for providing these notes and appreciates their effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org$\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)$$\left(\frac{3}{8}\right)$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_admission_test_of_assms_for_ph.d._mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old admission test of ASSMS for Ph.D. Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_admission_test_of_assms_for_ph.d._mathematics?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old admission test of ASSMS for Ph.D. Mathematics

&lt;img src=&quot;../images/ASSMS.jpg&quot; class=mediaright /&gt;
Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences (ASSMS) was established by the Government of Punjab under the aegis of GC University Lahore. Goal of the School is to become a Centre of Excellence for research and advanced studies in Mathematical Sciences.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/aurang-zaib?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Aurang Zaib</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/aurang-zaib?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Aurang Zaib

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;[Mr. Aurang Zaib]&lt;/image&gt;
Mr. Aurang Zaib is an esteemed academician with a robust educational background and a passion for teaching. He holds an M.Phil in Applied Mathematics from the Islamia University Bahawalpur, specifically from the Rahim Yar Khan Campus, which is a testament to his dedication and expertise in the field of mathematics. Further enriching his pedagogical skills, Mr. Zaib has also completed a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed), equipping him with …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/kaushef?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Kaushef Salamat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/kaushef?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Kaushef Salamat



[Kaushef Salamat]


[Solved Paper by Kaushef Salamat]



We are very thankful to Ms. Kaushef Salamat for providing us notes.

The author has done MPhil in Mathematics from Lahore Garrison University with Gold Medal. She is a lecturer in Queen Mary College Lahore. She also works as an online tutor for O Level and A Level Students.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-maths-2011?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>PPSC Paper 2011 (Lecturer in Mathematics)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-maths-2011?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>PPSC Paper 2011 (Lecturer in Mathematics)

[PPSC Paper 2011 (Lecturer in Mathematics)]

On this page, we have given question from old (past) paper of Lecturer in Mathematics conducted in year 2011. This is a MCQs paper and answers are given at the end of the paper. At the end of the PDF is also given to download. This paper is provided by Ms. $R$$x\in R$$x^2=x$$x^2=-x$$x^2=0$$x^2=1$$6$$8$$10$$4$$G$$H$$H$$G$$2$$4$$nZ$$Z$$n$$G$$24$$a$$a^{10}$$2$$12$$10$$V$$n$$V$$n+1$$n$$n-1$$v_1,v_2,v_3,....,v_r$$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-maths-2015?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>PPSC Paper 2015 (Lecturer in Mathematics)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-maths-2015?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>PPSC Paper 2015 (Lecturer in Mathematics)

[PPSC Paper 2011 (Lecturer in Mathematics)]

On this page, we have given question from old (past) paper of Lecturer in Mathematics conducted in year 2011. This is a MCQs paper and answers are given at the end of the paper. At the end of the PDF is also given to download. This paper is provided by Kaushef Salamat. We are very thankful to her for providing this paper.\(\displaystyle \int_{-4}^{0}\frac{tdt}{\sqrt{16-t62}}\)$0$$-4$$4$\(A\cos wt+B\sin wt\)$\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-maths-2021?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>PPSC Paper 2021 (Lecturer in Mathematics)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/ppsc/ppsc-maths-2021?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>PPSC Paper 2021 (Lecturer in Mathematics)

[PPSC Paper 2011 (Lecturer in Mathematics)]

On this page, we have given question from old (past) paper of Lecturer in Mathematics conducted in year 2021. This is a MCQs paper and answers are given at the end of the paper. At the end of the PDF is also given to download. This paper is provided by Ms. \(2018\)$4$\(6\)$8$$10$\(X\)\(Y\)\(X\times Y\)\(\parallel (x,y) \parallel=\parallel x\parallel+\parallel y\parallel, \,\forall \, (x,y)\in X \times Y\)\(f(…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_old_papers/fbise_annual_2009?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FBISE Annual 2009</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_old_papers/fbise_annual_2009?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FBISE Annual 2009

	*  FSc part 1 (HSSC-I) mathematics paper conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad has been analyse on this web page with the help of chart. Three type of chart are given in which one includes bar chart between chapters and marks, 2nd one include relation between algebraic and trigonometric portion and 3rd one contains pie chart which show the portion of questions from exercises to non-exercise question from book a &lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_old_papers/fbise_annual_2011?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FBISE Annual 2011</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_old_papers/fbise_annual_2011?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FBISE Annual 2011

	*  FSc part 1 (HSSC-I) mathematics paper conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad has been analyse on this web page with the help of chart. Three type of chart are given in which one includes bar chart between chapters and marks, 2nd one include relation between algebraic and trigonometric portion and 3rd one contains pie chart which show the portion of questions from exercises to non-exercise question from book a &lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_old_papers/fbise_annual_2012?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FBISE Annual 2012</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_old_papers/fbise_annual_2012?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FBISE Annual 2012

	*  FSc part 1 (HSSC-I) mathematics paper conducted by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad has been analyse on this web page with the help of chart. Three type of chart are given in which one includes bar chart between chapters and marks, 2nd one include relation between algebraic and trigonometric portion and 3rd one contains pie chart which show the portion of questions from exercises to non-exercise question from book a &lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs/short_questions_by_mr._akhtar_abbas?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Short Questions by Mr. Akhtar Abbas</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs/short_questions_by_mr._akhtar_abbas?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Short Questions by Mr. Akhtar Abbas

	*  We are very thankful to Mr. Akhtar Abbas for sharing these short questions.
	*  These short questions are selected from previous 5 years papers of different boards. Solve these at your own to perform well in annual exams.$\sqrt{x^2-4}$$f(x)=\frac{2x}{x-2}$$x=2$$x^{100}$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_general_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Paper Pattern for General Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_general_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Paper Pattern for General Mathematics

Paper pattern for General Mathematics chapter-wise for University of the Punjab, Lahore is given on this page. This pattern is extracted from syllabus and old papers, so use at your own risk. This pattern is made by Prof. Muhammad Farooq.
&lt;img src=&quot;../../../files/bsc/BSC_maths_paper_pattern_general_farooq.gif&quot; alt=&quot;BSc Mathematics Paper Pattern&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter img-responsive&quot; /&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_mathematics_a_course?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Paper Pattern for A-Course of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_mathematics_a_course?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Paper Pattern for A-Course of Mathematics

Paper pattern for A-Course of Mathematics, chapter-wise for University of the Punjab, Lahore is given on this page. This pattern is extracted from syllabus and old papers, so use at your own risk.


&lt;img src=&quot;../../../files/bsc/BSC_maths_paper_pattern_farooq_a.gif&quot; alt=&quot;BSc Mathematics Paper Pattern&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter img-responsive&quot; /&gt;


&lt;callout type=</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_mathematics_b_course?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Paper Pattern for B-Course of Mathematics</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/punjab_university/b.sc._paper_pattern_for_mathematics_b_course?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Paper Pattern for B-Course of Mathematics

Paper pattern for B-Course of Mathematics chapter-wise for University of the Punjab, Lahore is given on this page. This pattern is extracted from syllabus and old papers, so use at your own risk. This pattern is made by Prof. Muhammad Farooq.
&lt;img src=&quot;../../../files/bsc/BSC_maths_paper_pattern_farooq_b.gif&quot; alt=&quot;BSc Mathematics Paper Pattern Paper A&quot; 
 class=&quot;mediacenter img-responsive&quot; /&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch02/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 02: Differentiation: Mathematics FSc part 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch02/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 02: Differentiation: Mathematics FSc part 2

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 02: Differentiation, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are ten exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch03/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 03: Differentiation: Mathematics FSc part 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch03/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 03: Differentiation: Mathematics FSc part 2

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 03: Integration, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are eight exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch04/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry: Mathematics FSc part 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch04/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry: Mathematics FSc part 2

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are five exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch05/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming: Mathematics FSc part 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch05/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming: Mathematics FSc part 2

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are three exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch06/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 06: Conic Section: Mathematics FSc part 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch06/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 06: Conic Section: Mathematics FSc part 2

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 06: Conic Section, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are nine exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch07/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 07: Vectors: Mathematics FSc part 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch07/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 07: Vectors: Mathematics FSc part 2

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 07: Vectors, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are three exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>ADS/BSc</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>ADS/BSc

One this page we have listed notes/resources widely used in BSc or in Associated Degree of Science (ADS). This includes notes of some famous books and other resources. 

Notes of Famous Books




Notes of Calculus with Analytic Geometry

Notes of Calculus with Analytic Geometry





Notes of Mathematical Method

Notes of Mathematical Method





Introduction to Mechanics

Introduction to Mechanics





Other notes




Notes of Mechanics</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Did you know?</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/dyk?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Did you know?

&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/dyk_250.gif&quot; title=&quot;Did you know?&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Did you know?&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
This is a new project launched by MathCity.org. The soul purpose of this project is to aware the students about those concepts of mathematics which are elementary but students don&#039;t bother to dig-deeper for those concept. Also our aim is to stimulate the mind of students to think about the core concepts of mathematics.$f(x)=x+3$$\displaystyle g(x)=\frac{x^2-…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/report_abuse?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Report Abuse</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/report_abuse?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Report Abuse


All the resources published/posted on MathCity.org are sent by different people to help the other people for the promotion of mathematics. These are open educational resources (OER).

OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use or re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming vide…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-510-s2012?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-510: Topology</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-510-s2012?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-510: Topology

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;../images/Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif&quot; alt=&quot;A continuous deformation (a type of homeomorphism) of a mug into a doughnut (torus) and back.&quot; title=&quot;Topologically equivalence figures&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Objectives of the course

This is an introductory course in topology, giving the basics of the theory.

Course contents

Topological spaces, bases and sub-bases, first and second axiom of countability, separability, continuous functions and hom…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-731?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-731: Convex Analysis</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-731?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-731: Convex Analysis

Convex functions on the real line, Continuity and differentiability of convex functions, Characterizations, Differences of convex functions, Conjugate convex functions, Convex sets and affine sets, Convex functions on a normed linear space, Continuity of convex functions on normed linear space, Differentiable convex function on normed linear space, The support of convex functions, Differentiability of convex function on normed linear space.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/1st_uncpam-2015?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>1st UMT National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Lahore (7-8 March, 2015)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/1st_uncpam-2015?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>1st UMT National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Lahore (7-8 March, 2015)

&lt;img src=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/64787761/umt.jpg alt=&quot;UMT&quot; title=&quot;UMT&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;

	*  Name of conference: 1st UMT National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Palace: University of Management and Technology, Lahore - PAKISTAN.
	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/1st-lgu-ncpam?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>1st LGU National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics (17-18 May 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/1st-lgu-ncpam?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>1st LGU National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics (17-18 May 2017)

[Lahore Garrison University]

	*   Conference Name: 1st LGU National Conference on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Venue: Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase IV, Lahore-PAKISTAN. 
	*  Conference Date:</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/11th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2010_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>11th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2010, Islamabad (6-8 August, 2010)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/11th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2010_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>11th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2010, Islamabad (6-8 August, 2010)

[Faisal Mosque, Islamabad]

	*  Name of conference: 11th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2010
	*  Palace: National Center for Physics, Islamabad - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 6 - 8 August 2010</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/12th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2011_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>12th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2011, Islamabad (29-31 July, 2011)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/12th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2011_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>12th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2011, Islamabad (29-31 July, 2011)

[View of Margalla Hills, Islamabad.]

	*  Name of conference: 12th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2011
	*  Palace: Hotel Margalla, Islamabad - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 29--31 July, 2011
	*   Registration Deadline:</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/13th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2012_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>13th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2012, Islamabad (1-3 September, 2012)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/13th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2012_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>13th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2012, Islamabad (1-3 September, 2012)

&lt;img src=http://najmibilgrami.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Hotel-Night.jpg alt=&quot;View of Hotel Margala&quot; title=&quot;View of Hotel Margala&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;

	*  Name of conference: 13th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2012
	*  Palace: Hotel Margalla, Islamabad - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 1--3 September, 2012
	*</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/14th-rammma-2019-lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Recent Advances in Mathematical Methods, Models &amp; Applications, LSC Lahore, Pakistan (April 13-14, 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/14th-rammma-2019-lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Recent Advances in Mathematical Methods, Models &amp; Applications, LSC Lahore, Pakistan (April 13-14, 2019)

[RAMMMA LSE Lahore]

New mathematical ideas may help in improving modeling of real problems, in deriving innovative and efficient numerical methods, and in developing approximate models which are amenable to mathematical analysis. There exists a non-trivial interplay between mathematics, mathematical modeling of complex systems and mathematical and computer methods oriented towards the quali…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/15th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2014_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>15th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2014, Islamabad (28-30 August, 2014)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/15th_international_pure_mathematics_conference_2014_islamabad?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>15th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2014, Islamabad (28-30 August, 2014)

&lt;img src=http://najmibilgrami.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Hotel-Night.jpg alt=&quot;View of Hotel Margala&quot; title=&quot;View of Hotel Margala&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;

	*  Name of conference: 15th International Pure Mathematics Conference 2014
	*  Palace: Hotel Margalla, Islamabad - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 28--30 August, 2014
	*   Registration Deadline:</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icam-2015?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>1st International Conference on Advancements in Mathematics, CIIT Attock (11-13 February, 2015)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icam-2015?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>1st International Conference on Advancements in Mathematics, CIIT Attock (11-13 February, 2015)

&lt;img src=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/64787761/img/CIIT-Attock.jpg alt=&quot;CIIT, Attock in Spring&quot; title=&quot;CIIT, Attock&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;

	*  Name of conference: 1st International Conference on Advancements in Mathematics
	*  Palace: COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (New Campus), Attock - PAKISTAN.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icma-gcul-2017?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>International Conference on Mathematics and Its Applications GCU Lahore, Pakistan (November 13-15, 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/icma-gcul-2017?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>International Conference on Mathematics and Its Applications GCU Lahore, Pakistan (November 13-15, 2017)

[ICMA GCU Lahore]

	*   Conference Name: International Conference on Mathematics and Its Applications
	*  Registration Deadline: September 30, 2017
		*  Contact Dr. Shahid Ahmad (</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/international_conference_on_recent_advances_in_applied_mathematics_ciit_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>International Conference on Recent Advances in Applied Mathematics, CIIT, Lahore (Dec 17-18, 2015)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/international_conference_on_recent_advances_in_applied_mathematics_ciit_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>International Conference on Recent Advances in Applied Mathematics, CIIT, Lahore (Dec 17-18, 2015)

[CIIT Lahore]

	*  Name of conference: International Conference on Recent Advances in Applied Mathematics
	*  Palace: COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore - PAKISTAN.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/mathematics_workshop_on_advances_in_pure_and_applied_mathematics_ciit_attock?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Workshop on Advances on Pure and Applied Mathematics, COMSATS Attock (24-25 April, 2014)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/mathematics_workshop_on_advances_in_pure_and_applied_mathematics_ciit_attock?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Workshop on Advances on Pure and Applied Mathematics, COMSATS Attock (24-25 April, 2014)

&lt;img src=http://www.ciit-attock.edu.pk/comsats/images/featured/7.jpg alt=&quot;View of Hotel Margala&quot; title=&quot;CIIT, Attock&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;

	*  Name of conference: Workshop on Advances on Pure and Applied Mathematics
	*  Palace: COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (New Campus), Attock - PAKISTAN.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/summer_conference_in_mathematics_2010_lums_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Summer Conference in Mathematics 2010, LUMS Lahore (July 26-27, 2010)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/summer_conference_in_mathematics_2010_lums_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Summer Conference in Mathematics 2010, LUMS Lahore (July 26-27, 2010)

[Main Building LUMS, Lahore]

	*  Name of conference: Summer Conference in Mathematics 2010
	*  Palace: Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 26-27 July 2010 (Monday and Tuesday)</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/winter_conference_in_mathematics_2010_lums_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Winter Conference in Mathematics 2010, LUMS Lahore (January 11-12 2010)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/winter_conference_in_mathematics_2010_lums_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Winter Conference in Mathematics 2010, LUMS Lahore (January 11-12 2010)

[Main Building LUMS, Lahore]

	*  Name of conference: Winter Conference in Mathematics 2010
	*  Palace: Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 11-12 January 2010 (Monday and Tuesday)</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/winter_conference_in_mathematics_lums_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Winter Conference in Mathematics, LUMS Lahore (December 30-31, 2010)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/conferences/winter_conference_in_mathematics_lums_lahore?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Winter Conference in Mathematics, LUMS Lahore (December 30-31, 2010)

[Main Building LUMS, Lahore]

	*  Name of conference: Winter Conference in Mathematics
	*  Palace: Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore - PAKISTAN.
	*   Date: 30-31 December 2010 (Thursday and Friday)</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/events/sibau-nu-workshop-2021?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>1st SIBAU-NU International Workshop on Matrix Analysis and Linear Algebra (15-17 October 2021)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/events/sibau-nu-workshop-2021?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>1st SIBAU-NU International Workshop on Matrix Analysis and Linear Algebra (15-17 October 2021)

[1st SIBAU-NU International Workshop on Matrix Analysis and Linear Algebra]

	*   Conference Name: 1st SIBAU-NU International Workshop on Matrix Analysis and Linear Algebra
	*  Venue: Online
	*  Organizer: Department of Mathematics, Sukkur IBA University, (SIBAU)-Pakistan and Naresuan University, (NU)-Thailand</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/bise-papers?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question Paper/Model Paper/Paper Pattern HSSC-I: BISE</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/bise-papers?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question Paper/Model Paper/Paper Pattern HSSC-I: BISE

On this page, we have discussed the paper pattern of the HSSC-I or FSc Part 1 paper pattern of the mathematics subject. All the boards follow the same pattern.
Old (past) question papers and model papers of mathematics for HSSC-I (FSc Part 1) conducted by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) in Punjab. There are lot of boards (e.g. Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Boa…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/sol?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc Part 1 Mathematics Notes/Solutions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/sol?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc Part 1 Mathematics Notes/Solutions

[FSc Part1 PTB Book Cover]
&lt;lead&gt;Notes (Solutions) of Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore.&lt;/lead&gt; There are fourteen chapters in this book and we have work hard to make easy and suitable solution for students and teachers so that it help them learn things quickly and easily. Please click on a desire chapter to view the solution of any particular exercise. This work is licensed…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/definitions-muzzammil-subhan?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: Mathematics 12: PTB by Muzzammil Subhan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/definitions-muzzammil-subhan?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: Mathematics 12: PTB by Muzzammil Subhan

Definitions from Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12, published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan. We are very thankful to Muzzammil Subhan for his valuable contribution. Download or view PDF for all definitions. Samples is given below$P(x)=a_0 x^0+a_1 x^1+a_2 x^2+\ldots . .+a_{n-1} x^{n-1}+a_n x^n$$n \in W$$a_0, a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n \in R$$f(x)=a x+b$$a, b \in R$$a \neq 0$$f(x)=x$$f(x)=c$$c \in R$$\frac{P(x)}{Q(x)}$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/important-questions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Important Questions: HSSC-II</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/important-questions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Important Questions: HSSC-II

These questions are taken from old papers for the book Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan.

	*  Unit 01: Functions and Limits

	*  Unit 02: Differentiation

	*  Unit 03: Integration

	*  Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry

	*  Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming

	*</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/short-term-preparation-salman-sherazi?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Short Term Preparation FSc 2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part2-ptb/short-term-preparation-salman-sherazi?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Short Term Preparation FSc 2

fsc fsc_part2 m_salman_sherazi important_questions_fsc_2

[Short Term Preparation Guide FSc 2]
This document contains all the important MCQs, Short Questions and Long Questions of Mathematics HSSC-II (FSc Part 2) from the Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12. It has been done to help the students and teachers at no cost by M Salman Sherazi. This work (pdf) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0. It has been done to…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_model_papers?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc Part 1 Model Papers</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_model_papers?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc Part 1 Model Papers

Federal Board of Intermediate &amp; Secondary Education, Islamabad

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 ARW Model Paper 2008   View Online  Download PDF (69KB)   ARW Official Model Paper (with solution)   View Online Download PDF (154KB)   ARW Model Paper 1 (Old)   View Online Download PDF (103KB)   ARW Model Paper 2 (Old)   View Online Download PDF (96KB)  &lt;div&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc Part 1 Mathematics Notes/Solutions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc Part 1 Mathematics Notes/Solutions

[FSc Part1 PTB Book Cover]
&lt;lead&gt;Notes (Solutions) of Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore.&lt;/lead&gt; There are fourteen chapters in this book and we have work hard to make easy and suitable solution for students and teachers so that it help them learn things quickly and easily. Please click on a desire chapter to view the solution of any particular exercise. This work is licensed…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc (Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Boards)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc (Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Boards)

Notes (resources) Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI“ and “Textbook of Mathematics Grade 12” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan are available on this page. At the moment we are going to publish notes of FSc Part 1 and Part 2.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc Part 2 (KPK Boards)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc Part 2 (KPK Boards)

[A Textbook of Mathematics For Class XII]
Notes of FSc Part 2 of “A Textbook of Mathematics For Class XII” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar. We are posting the notes chapter-wise. These notes are shared as open educational resources. This page will be continuously updated.$y=x^n$$y=(ax+b)^n$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Solutions: Math 11 KPK</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Solutions: Math 11 KPK

[Solutions of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]
&lt;lead&gt;Solutions of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.&lt;/lead&gt;
Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad has been introduced Students Learning Outcomes (SLOs) Based Examination. Its complete scheme of studies is available on the FBISE website</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/definitions?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: Mathematics 11 NBF</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/definitions?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: Mathematics 11 NBF

Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by National Book Foundation (NBF), Islamabad, Pakistan. NBF can be considered as Federal Textbook Board Islamabad. The book has total of nine (9) chapters.

Definition of the book provide the quick overview of the book.$x+iy$$x,y\in\mathbb{R}$$i^2=1$$\mathbb{C}$$x+i y$$x$$y$$x$$y$$Re(z)=x$$Im(z)=y$$z=x+i y$$\bar{z}$$\bar{z}=x-i y$$z=x+i y$$|z|$$|z|=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}$$z=x+iy$$Re(z)=x$$Im(z)=y$$Re(z^{-1})= \d…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Solutions: Math 11 NBF</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Solutions: Math 11 NBF

[Solutions of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI]
&lt;lead&gt;Solutions of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by National Book Foundation (NBF), Islamabad, Pakistan. NBF can be considered as Federal Textbook Board Islamabad. &lt;/lead&gt;
Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE), Islamabad has been introduced Students Learning Outcomes (SLOs) Based Examination. Its complete scheme of studies is available on the FBISE website</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fluid-mechanics-ali-raza?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Fluid Mechanics by Ali Raza</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fluid-mechanics-ali-raza?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Fluid Mechanics by Ali Raza

[Fluid Mechanics by Ali Raza]

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies how fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) behave and interact with forces and energy. Fluid mechanics has many applications in engineering, geophysics, biology, and other fields.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-by-prof-mumtaz-ahmad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-by-prof-mumtaz-ahmad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad

[Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad]

Functional analysis is a subfield of mathematics that deals with vector space theory and linear algebra. It entails researching the connections between roles, things, incidents, actions, and outcomes. The word $l^\infty$$l^\infty$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-statistics-ii-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematical Statistics II by Sir Haidar Ali</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-statistics-ii-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematical Statistics II by Sir Haidar Ali

[Mathematical Statistics II]

A subfield of mathematics called mathematical statistics is concerned with using mathematical techniques to solve statistical problems. It involves using mathematical analysis and probability theory to the study of statistical issues like estimate, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals. Financial, engineering, and scientific fields all benefit from the use of mathematical statistics, which is a significant area of…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/measure-theory-by-anwar-khan?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan

[Measure Theory Notes by Anwar Khan]

Measure theory is a branch of mathematics concerned with the concept of “measure,” which is a method of assigning a numerical value to specific sets. The concepts of length, area, and volume are generalised via measurements to more abstract environments, such as infinite-dimensional spaces and areas that cannot be seen.$X$$\sigma-$$X$$\sigma-$$\sigma-$$\lim\limits_{k\to \infty} \sup A_k$$\lim\limits_{k\to \infty} \inf A_k$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mechanics-i-statics-dr-babar-ahmad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mechanics I (Statics) by Dr Babar Ahmad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mechanics-i-statics-dr-babar-ahmad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mechanics I (Statics) by Dr Babar Ahmad

[Mechanics I (Statics) by Dr Babar Ahmad]

We are very thankful to Dr Babar Ahmad for sharing his book on MathCity.org. This book is very helpful for undergraduate students of Science and Engineering Programs. 

This book is shared by the permission of the author and he keeps the copyright of the book.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Number Theory: Handwritten Notes</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/number-theory-handwritten-notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Number Theory: Handwritten Notes

[Number Theory: Handwritten Notes]
The study of the characteristics of the positive integers (1, 2, 3,...) is called number theory. It is significant because it has numerous uses in coding theory, combinatorics, cryptography, and other branches of mathematics and computer science. Some mathematicians also refer to number theory as the</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/number-theory-notes-anwar-khan?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan

[Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan]
Mathematicians who specialize in number theory examine the characteristics and connections between integers. “Higher arithmetic” and “the queen of mathematics” are some names for it.  Because it examines the characteristics and connections between integers and arithmetic functions, number theory is interesting. It has numerous uses in coding theory, combinatorics, cryptography, and other branches of mathematics. Like the ones…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/number-theory-umer-shuaib?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Number Theory by Dr Muhammad Umer Shuaib</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/number-theory-umer-shuaib?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Number Theory by Dr Muhammad Umer Shuaib

[Number Theory Notes]
A subfield of mathematics called number theory studies the characteristics of positive integers. Higher arithmetic is another name for it. The study of the relationships between various types of numbers, including prime numbers, rational numbers, and algebraic integers, is done using number theory, one of the oldest fields of mathematics.$\phi$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/numerical-analysis-by-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Numerical Analysis by M Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/numerical-analysis-by-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Numerical Analysis by M Usman Hamid

These notes are initially provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. Later the updated version is send by Muhammad Tahir. We are really very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan and Muhammad Tahir for providing these notes and appreciates their effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/rings-and-modules-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Rings &amp; Modules by Ms. Iqra Liaqat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/rings-and-modules-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Rings &amp; Modules by Ms. Iqra Liaqat

Ring is a mathematical structure with two operations. With one operation it is abelian group and with other operation it is semi-group with distributive law holds with first operation w.r.t the other operation. This concept is of pure in nature in mathematics. These advanced level notes are typically taken as an elective in a mathematics undergraduate degree.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/theory-of-optimization-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Theory of Optimization by Ma&#039;am Iqra Razzaq</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/theory-of-optimization-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Theory of Optimization by Ma&#039;am Iqra Razzaq

[Special Theory of Optimization by Ma&#039;am Iqra Razzaq]
These notes are provided and composed by Mr. Muzammil Tanveer. We are really very thankful to him for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org. These notes are based on the lectures by Ma&#039;am Iqra Razzaq.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/asim-marwat?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Asim Marwat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/asim-marwat?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Asim Marwat

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;

We are very thankful to Mr. Asim Marwat for providing notes of functional analysis. His notes are attached below, which might be helpful in BS Mathematics. Mr. Asim has done MS (Mathematics) from University of Peshawar. He is an excellent student and mathematician whose mentors include Dr. Muhammad Adil, an important researcher in the field of analysis.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/ihsan-danish?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ihsan Danish</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/ihsan-danish?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ihsan Danish

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;

We are very thankful to Mr. Ihsan Danish for providing notes of complex analysis. His notes are attached below, which might be helpful in BS Mathematics. Mr. Ihsan Danish has done is BS Mathematics from Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Iqra Liaqat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Iqra Liaqat

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;[ Publication Certificate]&lt;/image&gt;
We are very thankful to Ms. Iqra Liaqat for her contribution to the website. She works as a freelancer to help students in solving their assignments and past question papers of Mathematics and Statistics for all levels up to MSc.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/muzammil?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muzammil Tanveer</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/muzammil?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muzammil Tanveer

We are very thankful to Mr. Muzammil Tanveer for his contribution to the website.

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
Mr. Muzammil Tanveer is also an expert to compose mathematics notes, books or papers. You may contact him via his email or cell number given below for professional paid composing.
&lt;/callout&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/saleem-shahzad?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/saleem-shahzad?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;
“Mr. Saleem, an accomplished mathematician with an M.Phil in Processor Optimization through Memoryless Computations from the University of Sargodha, currently serves as a dedicated Mathematics Lecturer at Government Graduate College Jauharabad. His teaching experience includes a role as a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Education, Lahore, where he instructed courses such as Calculus, Set Theory, Real Analysis, Group Theory, a…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/umar-saeed?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Umar Saeed Bunarai</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/umar-saeed?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Umar Saeed Bunarai

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;
We are very thankful to Mr. Umar Saeed Bunarai for his great contribution to our website. He done his Matric from Mardan Board with A1 grade and done FSc (HSSC)  in pre-engineering. Saeed compledted his graduate BSc degree in double mathematics and computer science. Later he has done his master degree in Mathematics with 1st position. Currently, he is doing teaching in this field.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/usman?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muhammad Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/usman?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muhammad Usman Hamid

We are very thankful to him for his contribution to the website. Mr. Usman is a very talented and dedicated teacher contributing to the knowledge of mathematics by many ways. His composed notes, videos are worth mentioning in this regards. Mr. Usman is making video on different topics of mathematics which are available on his YouTube channel.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mechanics/tariq_mahmood_qadri?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Mechanics by Tariq Mahmood Qadri</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mechanics/tariq_mahmood_qadri?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Mechanics by Tariq Mahmood Qadri

[Notes of Mechanics by Tariq Mahmood Qadri]

We are very thankful to Tariq Mahmood Qadri for providing these notes. These notes are helpful at BSc or BS level of Mathematics. Vector and Mechanics is essential part of the B Course of Mathematics in BSc or in Associate Degree of Science (ADS).</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch04?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 04: Quadratic Equations</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch04?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 04: Quadratic Equations

[Chapter 04: Quadratic Equations]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 04: Quadratic Equations, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Introduction
		*  Solutions of Quadratic Equations</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch09?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry

[Chapter 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. This chapter has four exercise and solutions of those exercises are given below which can be downloaded in PDF format or can be viewed online.$D^\circ M&#039;S&#039;&#039;$$45^\circ , 30^\circ , 60^\circ$$0^\circ , 90^\circ , 180^\circ , 270^\circ , 36…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch10?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch10?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities

[Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. There are four exercise in this chapter.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch01?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 01: Functions and Limits</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch01?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 01: Functions and Limits

[Unit 01: Functions and Limits]
Notes (Solutions) of Unit 01: Functions and Limits, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. There are five exercises in this chapter. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from $\lim_{x\to a}\frac{x^n-a^n}{x-a} = na^{n-1}$$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sqrt{x+a} - \sqrt{a}}{x} = \frac{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch02?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 02: Differentiation</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch02?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 02: Differentiation

[Unit 02: Differentiation]
Notes (Solutions) of Unit 02: Differentiation, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from Software section.$f&#039;(x)$$x^n$$n \in \mathbb{Z}$$\frac{x+1}{x-1}$$x$$$
\begin{aligned}
\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right) &amp;= \frac{(x-1)\frac{d}{dx}(x…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch03?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 03: Integration</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch03?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 03: Integration

[Unit 03: Integration]
Notes (Solutions) of Unit 03: Integration, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from Software section.$dy$$\delta{y}$$[f(x)]^n f&#039;(x)$$[f(x)]^{-1}f&#039;(x)$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch04?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch04?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry

[Unit 01: Functions and Limits]
Notes (Solutions) of Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from Software section.$ax^2+ 2hxy+by^2=0$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch05?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch05?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming

[Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming]
Notes (Solutions) of Unit 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear Programming, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from Software section.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch06?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 06: Conic Section</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch06?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 06: Conic Section

[Unit 06: Conic Section]

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 06: Conic Section, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from Software section.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch07?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 07: Vectors</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch07?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 07: Vectors

[Unit 07: Vectors]

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 07: Vectors, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. You can view online or download PDF. To view PDF, you must have PDF Reader installed on your system and it can be downloaded from Software section.$u\cdot v$$u\times v$$u\cdot(v\times w)$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk-fsc-part1-km/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc-I Mathematics KPK: View Online</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk-fsc-part1-km/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc-I Mathematics KPK: View Online

AVAILABLE HERE

On this page one can view the PDF of solutions of the A Textbook of Mathematics For Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. These notes are written by khalid. Link to PDF is given at the end of preview.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk-fsc-part2-km/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc-II Mathematics KPK: View Online</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk-fsc-part2-km/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc-II Mathematics KPK: View Online

On this page one can view the PDF of solutions of the “Textbook of Mathematics Grade 12” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. These notes are written by khalid. Link to PDF is given at the end of preview.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics/university_of_gujrat?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>University of Gujrat  (Old Papers)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics/university_of_gujrat?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>University of Gujrat  (Old Papers)

[University of Gujrat]

Old/previous papers of MSc (Mathematics) from University of Gujrat is given here. We don&#039;t know about year of these papers and also it is not mentioned on papers. But these are useful to use them as sample.

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/a-course_of_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>A-Course of Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/a-course_of_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>A-Course of Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
This subject is consists of two papers of 100 marks each. One is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”. This page is updated on February 15, 2015. This syllabus is for 1st Annual 2015 and onward organized by University of Sargodha, Sargodha.
&lt;/callout&gt;</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/applied_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Applied Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/applied_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Applied Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)

This paper consista of two papers of 100 marks each. One paper is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”.

Paper A

	*  NOTE: attempt two questions from each section.

SECTION-I (4/12: 17,17,17,17)

$(\lambda ,\mu )$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/b-course_of_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>B-Course of Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/b-course_of_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>B-Course of Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)

&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
This subject is consists of two papers of 100 marks each. One is called “Paper A” and other is called “Paper B”. This page is updated on February 15, 2015. This syllabus is for 1st Annual 2015 and onward organized by University of Sargodha, Sargodha.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$(\lambda ,\mu )$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/pure_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Pure Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/paper_pattern/sargodha_university/pure_mathematics?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Pure Mathematics (Paper A &amp; B)

This paper consist of two papers of 100 marks each. One paper is called “Paper A” and the other is called “Paper B”.

Paper A

	*  NOTE: attempt two questions from each section.

SECTION-I (4/12: 17,17,17,17)</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch01/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 01: Number System: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch01/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 01: Number System: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 01: Number System, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are three exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch02/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 02: Sets, Functions and Groups: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch02/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 02: Sets, Functions and Groups: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 02: Sets, Functions and Groups, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are eight exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch04/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Notes of Chapter 04)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch04/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Notes of Chapter 04)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 04: Quadratic Equations, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. 

These notes are provided by M. Shahid Nadeem, Lecturer in Mathematics, Punjab College Wah Cantt. One can also download PDF of the notes from this page.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch05/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 05: Partial Fractions: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch05/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 05: Partial Fractions: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 05: Partial Fractions, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are four exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch06/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 06: Sequences and Series: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch06/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 06: Sequences and Series: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 06: Sequences and Series, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are eleven exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch07/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 07: Permutation, Combination and Probability: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch07/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 07: Permutation, Combination and Probability: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 07: Permutation, Combination and Probability, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are eight exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch08/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 08: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch08/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 08: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 08: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are three exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch09/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch09/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 09: Fundamentals of Trigonometry, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are four exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch10/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 10: Trigonometric Identities: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch10/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 10: Trigonometric Identities: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are four exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch12/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 12: Application of Trigonometry: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch12/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 12: Application of Trigonometry: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 12: Application of Trigonometry, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are four exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch13/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Mathematics FSc Part 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch13/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Mathematics FSc Part 1

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 10: Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are two exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch03/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Unit 03)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch03/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Unit 03)

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 03: Integration, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. In this chapter, integration is defined and basic techniques of integration are given.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch04/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Unit 04)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch04/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Unit 04)

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. This chapter have only five exercises but it covers lot of topics of analytic geometry in the plane.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch06/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Unit 06)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_solutions/ch06/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Unit 06)

Notes (Solutions) of Unit 06: Conic Section, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Mathematics FSc Part 2 or HSSC-II), Punjab Text Book Board Lahore. From this page, you can also download PDF of the notes.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/view?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online: BSc Mathematics (Old Papers)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/view?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online: BSc Mathematics (Old Papers)

	*  Old/previous papers of BSc (only mathematics), University of the Sargodha, Sargodh. PDF can also be downloaded from this page.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/viewer-am?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online: BSc Mathematics (Old Papers)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/sargodha_university/viewer-am?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online: BSc Mathematics (Old Papers)

	*  Old/previous papers of BSc (only mathematics), University of the Sargodha, Sargodh. PDF can also be downloaded from this page.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/error?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Report Error</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/error?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Report Error

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;../images/thankyou_math.gif&quot; alt=&quot;
Thank you&quot; title=&quot;
Thank you&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you very much for coming on this page as we understand that you come to this page for helping us and community of mathematics. We really appreciate your effort to give us your quality time.

In case of “Broken Link”, please provide us the link by copying the link from address bar and paste it in comments box.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/errors?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Report Error</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/errors?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Report Error

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;../images/thankyou_math.gif&quot; alt=&quot;
Thank you&quot; title=&quot;
Thank you&quot; class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you very much for coming on this page as we understand that you come to this page for helping us and community of mathematics who are using this website. We really appreciate your effort to give us your quality time.

&lt;form&gt;
Action mail admin@mathcity.org
Thanks</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/mathcraft?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MathCraft</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/mathcraft?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>&lt;jumbotron&gt;

MathCraft

Introducing “MathCraft”: Your Solution for Document Transformation!
[MathCraft]

We are thrilled to unveil our latest service, MathCraft, tailored exclusively for the mathematics community. With MathCraft, you can easily get code from PDFs and pictures into LaTeX or Word files without spending too much money. Whether you&#039;re a student, researcher, or teacher, MathCraft can help you create your math documents in the format you want.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Quote of the Day</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/quote-of-the-day?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Quote of the Day

[Quote of the Day]

The “quote of the day” is a useful tool for inspiration, motivation, and self-examination It offers a daily serving of knowledge from reputable and accomplished people in a range of sectors, including literature, politics, science, and entertainment. Everyday reading and reflection on a thought-provoking quote can help people learn more, see things from other people&#039;s perspectives, and advance their personal development. Sharing the</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/software?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Software</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/software?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Software

On this page, we have listed document viewers, graphing tools, calculators and other useful software for Mathematics. As most of the visitors of our websites are using android mobiles, therefore first of all we are giving some apps for Android.$\LaTeX$$\LaTeX$$\LaTeX$$\LaTeX$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/todo?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Things to do</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/todo?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Things to do

Here is the list of things which we need to do.

	*  Chapter 1 of FSc Part 2 need your attention.
	*  &lt;http://www.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcqs&gt;
	*  Objective FSc Part 2 need to be added.
	*  Old paper of FBISE need to be added.
	*  Old paper page need to be redefine.
	*  Old papers of FSc Part 1 need to be uploaded.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa14-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa14-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis 1


&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/real_numbers.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Number SYstem&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Calculus&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

At the end of this course the students will be able to uunderstand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the proofs’ de…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa15-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2015)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa15-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2015)


&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/real_numbers.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Number SYstem&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Calculus&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

At the end of this course the students will be able to uunderstand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize th…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa16-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2016)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa16-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>~~DISCUSSION:off~~

MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2016)

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
Do you have questions or comments? Please use Discussion at the end of this page.
&lt;/callout&gt;

This course is offered to MSc, Semester III at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock campus. The is course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa17-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa17-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2017)

This course is offered to MSc, Semester III at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock campus. The is course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa18-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2018)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa18-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2018)


&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/real_numbers.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Number SYstem&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Calculus&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2018)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa18-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2018)

This course is offered to MSc, Semester II at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa19-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa19-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2019)



[Photo-illustration of Zeno&#039;s Paradox by Juliana Jiménez Jaramillo. Photo by Twildlife/Thinkstock]

At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the proofs’ development. Def…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa19-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2019)

This course is offered to MSc, Semester II at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers. these notions included in</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa19-mth611?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH611: Integral Inequalities (Fall 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa19-mth611?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH611: Integral Inequalities (Fall 2019)

This course is offered to students of MS(Mathematics) at COMSATS University Islamabad. This is a three credit hour course.

Contents

Some Quadrature rules and their applications Ostrowski Inequality in L1-, Lp- and L∞ spaces and applications Grüss Inequality, its variants and applications Ostrowski- Grüss inequalities, their consequences and applications Purturbed results for Ostrowski and Ostrowski- Grüss type inequalities Inequalities for convex func…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa20-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2020)

This course is offered to MSc, Semester II at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in &lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;container-self&quot;&gt;
  &lt;iframe class=&quot;responsive-iframe-self&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLNZrcn6oQNnen-xIz_5DjQbkwbQnu7Xgt&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allow=&quot;au…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2021)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa21-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2021)

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
Discussion is available at the end of this page. One is free to ask any question or comment.
&lt;/callout&gt;

[Photo-illustration of Zeno&#039;s Paradox]

At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa21-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2021)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa21-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Fall 2021)

This course is offered to MSc, Semester II at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in $\int_{1}^{\infty }{{{x}^{-p}} dx}$$p$$f\in \mathcal{R}[a,b]$$b\ge a$$f(x)\ge 0$$x\ge a$$\int_{a}^{\infty }{f(x) dx}$$M&gt;0$$\int\limits_{a}^{b}{f(x)\,dx} \le M$$b\ge a$$f\in \mathcal{R}[a,b]$$b\ge a$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa22-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2022)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa22-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Fall 2022)


~~DISCUSSION~~
[Photo-illustration of Zeno&#039;s Paradox]

At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the proofs’ development. Define continuity of a function and uniform conti…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa23-mth103?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH103: Exploring Quantitative Skills</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/fa23-mth103?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH103: Exploring Quantitative Skills

Course Objectives

This course aims to develop the basic mathematical skills which ultimately enhance problem-solving skills using inductive and deductive reasoning, Polya&#039;s strategy, and sets. The basic concepts will be develop with applications form the real world such as algebraic models with equations, rates, ratios, and percentages will be discussed. Students will also explore linear models, including rectangular coordinates, functions, empowering them…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-103?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH 103: Number Theory</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-103?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH 103: Number Theory

Objectives of the course

This course shall assume no experience of background in number theory of theoretical mathematics. The course introduces various strategies for composing mathematical proofs.

Course contents

Number systems: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, the equivalence and the difference of cardinality between them, de Morvie’s theorem with application, hyperbolic ad logarithmic functions, introduction to number the…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-305?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MATH-305: Real Analysis-I</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/math-305?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MATH-305: Real Analysis-I

Objectives of the course:

This is the first rigorous course in analysis and has a theoretical emphasis. It tegorously develops the fundamental ideas of calculus and is aimed to develop the students’ ability to deal with abstract mathematics and mathematical proofs.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp14-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp14-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis 1


&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/real_numbers.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Number SYstem&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Calculus&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

At the end of this course the students will be able to uunderstand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the proofs’ de…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp15-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis 1 (Spring 2015)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp15-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis 1 (Spring 2015)


&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/real_numbers.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Number SYstem&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Calculus&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

At the end of this course the students will be able to uunderstand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2017)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp17-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>~~DISCUSSION:closed~~

MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2017)

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
Do you have questions or comments? Please use Discussion at the end of this page.
&lt;/callout&gt;

This course is offered to MSc, Semester III at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock campus. The is course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH251: Set Topology</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp18-mth251?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH251: Set Topology

[Set Topology]
Topology is an important branch of mathematics that studies all the “qualitative” or “discrete” properties of continuous objects such as manifolds, i.e. all the properties that aren&#039;t changed by any continuous transformations except for the singular (infinitely extreme) ones.$\mathbb{R}$$T_1$$\mathbb{Z}$$A=\{1,2,3,...,20\}$$\mathbb{R}$$\mathbb{Q}$$\mathbb{R}$$A=\left\{1,\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{3},... \right\}$$A$$\mathbb{R}$$A=\mathbb{N}$$B=\{1,2,3,...,100\}$$C=…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2019)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp19-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2019)

This course is offered to MSc, Semester II at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Spring 2020)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp20-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Spring 2020)

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
Discussion is available at the end of this page. One is free to ask any question or comment.
&lt;/callout&gt;

~~DISCUSSION~~
[Photo-illustration of Zeno&#039;s Paradox]

At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove vario…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2022)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp22-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2022)

This course is offered to BS, Semester VI at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notion included in &lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;container-self&quot;&gt;
  &lt;iframe class=&quot;responsive-iframe-self&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLNZrcn6oQNnen-xIz_5DjQbkwbQnu7Xgt&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allow=&quot;a…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Spring 2023)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp23-mth321?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH321: Real Analysis I (Spring 2023)


~~DISCUSSION~~
[Photo-illustration of Zeno&#039;s Paradox]

At the end of this course the students will be able to understand the basic set theoretic statements and emphasize the proofs’ development of various statements by induction. Define the limit of, a function at a value, a sequence and the Cauchy criterion. Prove various theorems about limits of sequences and functions and emphasize the proofs’ development. Define continuity of a function and uniform con…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp23-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:54+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2023)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/atiq/sp23-mth322?rev=1737476034&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2023)

[MTH322: Real Analysis II (Spring 2023)]
This course is offered to BS, Semester VI at Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock campus. This course need rigorous knowledge of continuity, differentiation, integration, sequences and series of numbers, that is many notions included in $f\in \mathcal{R}[a,b]$$b\ge a$$f(x)\ge 0$$x\ge a$$\int_{\,a}^{\,\infty }{f(x)\,dx}$$M&gt;0$$\int\limits_{a}^{b}{f(x)\,dx}\leq M$$b\ge a$$f(x)$$g(x)$$x&gt;a$$\li…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Calculus with Analytic Geometry</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_calculus_with_analytic_geometry?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Calculus with Analytic Geometry

[Calculus with Analytic Geometry by Dr. S. M. Yusuf and Prof. Muhammad Amin]
Calculus with Analytic Geometry by Dr. S. M. Yusuf and Prof. Muhammad Amin, published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore-Pakistan is one of the books studied widely in Bachelor and undergraduate classes inclduing different engineering programs. There are total of ten chapters. Solutions of the books are given in the chapters listed below. The only aim to publish the soltuions is to pro…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Metric Spaces</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_metric_spaces?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Metric Spaces

These notes are related to Section IV of B Course of Mathematics, paper B. We are very thankful to Mr. Tahir Aziz for sending these notes.


   Name   Notes of Metric Space     Author  Prof. Shahzad Ahmad Khan       Send by  Tahir Aziz</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Metric Spaces by Umer Asghar</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes-of-metric-spaces-umer-asghar?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Metric Spaces by Umer Asghar

These notes are related to Section IV of B Course of Mathematics, paper B. We are very thankful to Mr. Umer Asghar for sending these notes.


   Name   Notes of Metric Space     Author  Mr. Umer Asghar       Pages   19 pages</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Notes of Number Theory by Umer Asghar</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes-of-number-theory-by-umer-asghar?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Notes of Number Theory by Umer Asghar


These notes are very helpful to prepare one of the sections paper of mathematics for BSc. 
 Author:   Umer Asghar   Type:  Composed   Format:  PDF (1.14 mB)    Pages:   24  
Contents and Summary

	*  Divisibility</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Number Theory by Prof. Asghar Ali</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/number-theory-by-prof-asghar-ali?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Number Theory by Prof. Asghar Ali

[Number Theory by M Asghar Ali]

We are very thankful to Prof. Asghar Ali for send these notes. These notes are very helpful to prepare BSc or ADS mathematics portion of Number Theory. Number theory is a subject in which students learn different concepts created on the set of integers. For example, the concept of divisibilty exists in the set of integer. Let a and b be any two integers suhc that $a\neq 0$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Number Theory by Prof. M. Tanveer</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/number-theory-by-prof-m-tanveer?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Number Theory by Prof. M. Tanveer

[Number Theory by Prof. M. Tanveer]
These notes are very helpful to prepare one of the sections of mathematics for BSc. Also these notes can be used for other classes. 
 Author:   Prof. M. Tanveer   Type:  Handwritten   Format:  PDF (972 kB)    Pages:  $a,b, \in \mathbb{Z}$$a \neq 0$$a$$b$$c\in \mathbb{Z}$$b=ac$$a,b, \in \mathbb{Z}$$c \in \mathbb{Z}$$a$$b$$c | a$$c | b$</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Some important series of functions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/series_of_important_functions?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Some important series of functions

On this page we are going to post some series of functions, which are used in mathematics at undergraduate level.

	*  $\sinh x =  x +  \frac{x^3}{3!} + \frac{x^5}{5!} + \frac{x^7}{7!} +... \qquad -\infty &lt;x&lt; \infty$
	*  $\cosh x =  1 + \frac{x^2}{2!} + \frac{x^4}{4!} + \frac{x^6}{6!} +... \qquad -\infty &lt;x&lt; \infty$
	*  $\tanh x =  x -  \frac{x^3}{3} + 2\frac{x^5}{15} - 17\frac{x^7}{315} +... \qquad \left |x\right |&lt; \frac{\pi}{2}$
	*  $\coth x =  \frac{1}{x} …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Its about square root</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/dyk/3?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Its about square root

[DYK]

The reason is not difficult if one knows about the definition of square root of real numbers.

Definition:  Let $x$ be a non-negative number. Then a non-negative number $r$ is called square root of $x$ iff $r^2=x$.

Square root of $x$ is denoted by $\sqrt{x}$$2^2=4$$3^2=9$$x$$r$$x$$r^2=x$$2^2=4$$(-2)^2=4$$\sqrt{4}=\sqrt{2^2}=\sqrt{(-2)^2}=2$$\sqrt{4}=\sqrt{2^2}=\sqrt{(-2)^2}=\pm 2$$\sqrt{4}$$\sqrt{x}$$x\geq0$$\sqrt{x}=x^{\frac{1}{2}}$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: FSc Part1 KPK</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/definitions?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: FSc Part1 KPK

A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by Khybar Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. The book has total of twelve (12) chapters.

Definition of the book provide the quick overview of the book.$360^\circ$$\theta$$90^{\circ} \pm \theta, 180^{\circ} \pm \theta, 270^{\circ} \pm \theta, 360^{\circ} \pm \theta$$16^\circ 13&#039; 9&#039;&#039;$$sin(\alpha+2\pi)=sin\alpha$$sin x=\frac{2}{7}$$cos x-tan x=0$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: FSc Part 1 (Mathematics): PTB</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/definitions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: FSc Part 1 (Mathematics): PTB

On this page, all the definitions of “Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI, published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan are given. We are very thankful to Muhammad Waqas Sulaiman for his valuable contribution.$\frac{p}{q}$$p,q \in \mathbb{Z}$$q\neq 0$$\frac{p}{q}$$p,q \in \mathbb{Z}$$q\neq 0$$\mathbb{R}$$0.3333....,21.134134$$\pi = 3.1415...$$\divideontimes$$z=x+iy$$x,y \in \mathbb{R}, i = \sqrt{-1}$$x$$y$$z$$2, 3+\sqrt{3}i, \fra…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: FSc Part 1 (Mathematics): PTB by Aurang Zaib</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/definitions-aurang-zaib?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: FSc Part 1 (Mathematics): PTB by Aurang Zaib

Definitions from Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI, published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan. We are very thankful to Aurang Zaib for his valuable contribution.

Chapter 01: Number System
\( \dfrac{p}{q} \)\( p, q \in \mathbb{Z} \)\( q \neq 0 \)\( \dfrac{3}{4} \)\( \dfrac{7}{2} \)\( \sqrt{2} \)\( \pi \)\( \mathbb{R} \)\( 0.25 \)\( 3.75 \)\( 0.3333... \)\( 1.234234... \)\( \pi \)\( 3.1415... \)\( \sqrt{2} \)\(…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: Mathematics 11: PTB by Muzzammil Subhan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/definitions-muzzammil-subhan?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: Mathematics 11: PTB by Muzzammil Subhan

Definitions from Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI, published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan. We are very thankful to Muzzammil Subhan for his valuable contribution. Download or view PDF for all definitions. Samples is given below$y=2^x$$y=e^x$$f(x)=\log_a x$$f(x)=\log_e x$$y$$x$$y$$y=x^2+3x$$x^2+xy+y^2=4$$f(-x)=f(x)$$f(-x)=-f(x)$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Important Questions: HSSC-I</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/important-questions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Important Questions: HSSC-I

[Important Questions FSc/ICS Part 1]
These are the important questions for “Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI” published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore, Pakistan. These questions are taken from old papers. These are very helpful to understand the types of questions which may asked final paper of mathematics for FSc/ICS (HSSC) Part 1. Lot of energy has been put to collect and write these questions. These are taken from old papers of FBISE Islamabad,…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Short Term Preparation FSc/ICS 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/short-term-preparation-salman-sherazi?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Short Term Preparation FSc/ICS 1

fsc fsc_part1 m_salman_sherazi important_questions_fsc_1

[Short Term Preparation by M Salman Sherazi]
This document contains all the important MCQs, Short Questions and Long Questions of Mathematics HSSC-I (FSc/ICS Part 1) from the Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI. It has been done to help the students and teachers at no cost by $\sqrt{2}$&lt;div&gt;&lt;center&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/center&lt;/div&gt;</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>FSc Part 1 (KPK Boards)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>FSc Part 1 (KPK Boards)

AVAILABLE HERE

[FSc Part 2 KPTP]
Notes of FSc Part 1 of “A Textbook of Mathematics For Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar. We are posting the notes chapter-wise. These notes are shared as open educational resources. This page will be continuously updated.$P(z)$$(\sum)$$\sum n$$\sum n^2$$\sum n^3$$n$$n$$$\frac{a}{a(a+d)}+\frac{a}{(a+d)(a+2d)}+...$$$^nP_r$$^nC_r=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}n\\ r\end{smallmatrix} \right)=\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}$$P(…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Pakistan Journal of Mathematical Sciences</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/journals/pjms?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Pakistan Journal of Mathematical Sciences

[Pakistan Journal of Mathematical Sciences]
Pakistan Journal of Mathematical Sciences (PJMS) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal. The short title or abbreviation of the journal is “Pak. J. Math. Sci.” Two issues will be published in a year, that is, it will be published biannually. One issue will cover from January to June and other issue will cover from July to December.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Definitions: FSc Part1 KPK</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/definitions?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Definitions: FSc Part1 KPK

A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by Khybar Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. The book has total of twelve (12) chapters.

Definition of the book provide the quick overview of the book.$360^\circ$$\theta$$90^{\circ} \pm \theta, 180^{\circ} \pm \theta, 270^{\circ} \pm \theta, 360^{\circ} \pm \theta$$16^\circ 13&#039; 9&#039;&#039;$$sin(\alpha+2\pi)=sin\alpha$$sin x=\frac{2}{7}$$cos x-tan x=0$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs: Math 11 NBF</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/mcqs?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs: Math 11 NBF

&lt;lead&gt;Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) of the Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI is published by National Book Foundation (NBF), Islamabad, Pakistan. NBF can be considered as Federal Textbook Board Islamabad. &lt;/lead&gt;

Unit 01: Complex Numbers
$\operatorname{part}(\mathrm{s})$$z$$z$$(0,0)$$(1,0)$$(0,1)$$(1,1)$$z$$|z|$$1 / z$$-z$$\bar{z}$$x$$y$$x y$$z_{1}=3+2 i$$z_{2}=5+6 i$$z_{1}&gt;z_{2}$$z_{1}&lt;z_{2}$$\overline{z_{1}}=\overline{z_{2}}$$\overline{z_{1}}=-\overline{z_{2}}$$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/mathcraft/sample-01-latex?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MathCraft: PDF to LaTeX file: Sample-01</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/mathcraft/sample-01-latex?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MathCraft: PDF to LaTeX file: Sample-01

If the PDF file provided by you as follows:


Then the output LaTeX file is as follows:


\documentclass[10pt]{amsart}
%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
%\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{bbold}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=true, linkcolor=blue, filecolor=magenta, urlcolor=cyan,}
\urlstyle{same}

\title{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/mcqs_short_questions?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs and Short Questions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/mcqs_short_questions?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs and Short Questions




Topology: Short Questions and MCQs






Normed Spaces: Short Questions and MCQs






Real Analysis: Short Questions and MCQs</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/advanced-analysis-handwritten-notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Advanced Analysis: Handwritten Notes</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/advanced-analysis-handwritten-notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Advanced Analysis: Handwritten Notes

[Advanced Analysis: Handwritten Notes]
These notes are provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. We are really very thankful to Mr. Anwar Khan for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org

It covers the complete syllabus of Advanced Analysis paper of MSc Mathematics. See the contents of the notes given below to see the topics covered by these notes.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/algebraic-number-theory-notes-anwar-khan?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Algebraic Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/algebraic-number-theory-notes-anwar-khan?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Algebraic Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan

[Algebraic Number Theory Notes by Anwar Khan]
Algebraic number theory is a subfield of number theory that studies integers, rational numbers, and their generalisations using abstract algebra techniques. It covers Galois theory, ideals and units in rings of integers, unique factorization, and algebraic number fields and related rings of integers. It is a complex and in-depth subject with numerous linkages to other branches of mathematics.$\mathbb{R}$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-dr-amir-mahmood?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-dr-amir-mahmood?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis)

[Complex Analysis (Easy Notes of Complex Analysis) ]
The study of complex numbers, together with their manipulation, derivatives, and other characteristics, is known as complex integration. Contour integration is a technique for analysing specific integrals along pathways in the complex plane in the field of complex analysis mathematics. The complex analytic technique known as the calculus of residues and contour integration are closely linked.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Complex Analysis (Notes) by Ms. Iqra Liaqat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-iqra-liaqat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Complex Analysis (Notes) by Ms. Iqra Liaqat

[Notes of Complex Analysis by Ms. Iqra Liaqat]

These notes are send by Ms. Iqra Liaqat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org

Complex analysis is the study of functions of complex numbers. It is useful in a variety of mathematical fields, such as algebraic geometry, number theory, analytic combinatorics, and applied mathematics, as well as in physics fields like…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Complex Analysis by M Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/complex-analysis-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Complex Analysis by M Usman Hamid

[Complex Analysis by M Usman Hamid]
We are really very thankful to Muhammad Usman Hamid for providing these notes and appreciates his effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org

It covers the one part of the syllabus of Complex Analysis paper of MSc Mathematics. See the contents of the notes given below to see the topics covered by these notes.$$
x^2+4=0, x^2+x+1=0 \text{ and } x^2-2x+3=0
$$$i=\sqrt{-1}$$i^2=-1$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential_geometry_notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Differential Geometry: Handwritten Notes</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential_geometry_notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Differential Geometry: Handwritten Notes

[Differential Geometry: Handwritten Notes]

Differential geometry is a discipline of mathematics that investigates the geometry of smooth objects and spaces, sometimes known as smooth manifolds. It investigates the geometric properties of curves and surfaces using the methods of differential and integral calculus, linear algebra, and multilinear algebra. Mathematical analysis and differential geometry are related concepts. These are the lecture notes of …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-kaushef_salamat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Differential Geometry (Notes) by Ms. Kaushef Salamat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-kaushef_salamat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Differential Geometry (Notes) by Ms. Kaushef Salamat

[Differential Geometry by Ms. Kaushef Salamat]
Differential Geometry is an important field in the mathematical sciences. Usually, this is a compulsory or core subject for BS mathematics students.

These notes are send by Ms. Kaushef Salamat. We are really very thankful to her for providing these notes and appreciates her effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Differential Geometry by M Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Differential Geometry by M Usman Hamid

[Differential Geometry by M Usman Hamid]
These notes are initially provided by Mr. Anwar Khan. Later send by many persons. We are really very thankful to all for providing these notes and appreciates their effort to publish these notes on MathCity.org</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-syed-hassan-waqas?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Differential Geometry by Syed Hassan Waqas</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/differential-geometry-syed-hassan-waqas?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Differential Geometry by Syed Hassan Waqas

[Differential Geometry by Syed Hassan Waqas]
In the field of mathematics known as differential geometry, smooth manifolds—also known as smooth shapes and spaces—and their geometry are studied. Investigating the geometric characteristics of curves and surfaces involves the use of the tools of differential and integral calculus, linear algebra, and multilinear algebra. Differential calculus and mathematical analysis are related to differential geometry.…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/elementary-linear-algebra-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/elementary-linear-algebra-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid

[Elementary Linear Algebra by Muhammad Usman Hamid]

Linear Algebra is the study of vectors and linear transformations. The main objective of this course is to help students learn in rigorous manner, the tools and methods essential for studying the solution spaces of problems in mathematics, engineering, the natural sciences and social sciences and develop mathematical skills needed to apply these to the problems arising within their field of st…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-by-tahir-hussain-jaffery?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Functional Analysis by Mr. Tahir Hussain Jaffery</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/functional-analysis-by-tahir-hussain-jaffery?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Functional Analysis by Mr. Tahir Hussain Jaffery

[Functional Analysis by Prof Mumtaz Ahmad]

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with vector space theory and linear algebra. It requires looking into the relationships between various roles, objects, incidents, actions, and results. The term $M$$M+N$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fuzzy-sets-theory-umar-saeed-bunarai?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Fuzzy Sets Theory by Umar Saeed Bunarai</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/fuzzy-sets-theory-umar-saeed-bunarai?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Fuzzy Sets Theory by Umar Saeed Bunarai

[Fuzzy Sets Theory by Umar Saeed Bunarai]
In the field of mathematics known as fuzzy set theory, sets having varying degrees of membership are studied. This implies that an element can be a member of a set only partially or not at all. In several disciplines, including logic, control, data analysis, and decision-making, fuzzy set theory is used to model uncertainty, vagueness, and imprecision.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-method-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Mathematical Method by Sir Muhammad Awais Aun</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/mathematical-method-muzammil-tanveer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Mathematical Method by Sir Muhammad Awais Aun

[Mathematical Method by Muzammil Tanveer]

Mathematical methods are the approaches employed by mathematicians to address issues in mathematics and science. Algebra, functions, relations and associated graphs, calculus, and statistics are examples of mathematical techniques. Through their usage in resolving practical issues, they are applied to modelling.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/measure-theory-notes-asim-marwat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Measure Theory Handwritten Notes by Asim Marwat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/measure-theory-notes-asim-marwat?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Measure Theory Handwritten Notes by Asim Marwat

[Measure Theory Notes by Asim Marwat]
These notes are made and shared by Mr. Asim Marwat. He has our sincere gratitude for supplying these notes, and we value his effort in having them published on MathCity.org. Measure Theory is an important subject in BS Mathematics. These notes contain topic from base level, like equivalence set, to advance level, like convergent in measure.$L_p$$L_p$$L^\infty$$L_p$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid &amp; Saima Akram</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/measure-thoery-muhsa?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid &amp; Saima Akram

[Measure Theory by M Usman Hamid &amp; Saima Akram]

The study of measures on sets is the focus of the mathematical field known as measure theory. A measure is a function that gives specific subsets of a given set a non-negative real integer, indicating their size inferentially. The concept of measure is a formalisation and generalisation of common concepts like mass and event probability as well as geometrical measurements (length, area, and volume).</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/method-of-mathematical-physics-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Method of Mathematical Physics by Mr. Muhammad Usman Hamid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/method-of-mathematical-physics-m-usman-hamid?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Method of Mathematical Physics by Mr. Muhammad Usman Hamid

[Method of Mathematical Physics by Mr. Muhammad Usman Hamid]

Method of Mathematical Physics is an area of mathematics concerned with the application of mathematical methods to physics problems. Mathematical techniques for statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics are all included in this large field.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/metric-spaces-notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Metric Spaces (Notes)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/metric-spaces-notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Metric Spaces (Notes)

[Metric Spaces (Notes)]
These are updated version of previous notes. Many mistakes and errors have been removed. These notes are collected, composed and corrected by Atiq ur Rehman, PhD. These are actually based on the lectures delivered by Prof. Muhammad Ashfaq (Ex HoD, Department of Mathematics, Government College Sargodha). $(X,d)$$x,y\in X$$$\left| {\,d(x,\,A)\, - \,d(y,\,A)\,} \right|\,\, \le \,\,d(x,\,y).$$$A^c$$A\subset X$$x \in X$$B(x;r)$$A \subset X$$f:(X,d)\to (Y…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/multivariable-calculus-sheikh-muhammad-saleem-shahzad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Multivariable Calculus by Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/multivariable-calculus-sheikh-muhammad-saleem-shahzad?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Multivariable Calculus by Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad

[Multivariable Calculus by Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Shahzad]

	*  Have you ever wondered how we can understand the speed of a moving object at any instant of time?
	*  Did you know that Calculus can help us predict future trends by analyzing patterns in data?</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/real-analysis-hand-written-kaushef?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Real Analysis Handwritten Notes by Kaushef Salamat</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/real-analysis-hand-written-kaushef?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Real Analysis Handwritten Notes by Kaushef Salamat

[Real Analysis Handwritten Notes by Kaushef Salamat]

We are very thankful to Ms. Kaushef Salamat for providing these notes. Real Analysis is a core subject in BS or MSc Mathematics. Without a fundamental grasp of Real Analysis, one cannot claim to be a mathematician. These notes are very comprehensive containing almost all the notions of Real Analysis. For providing these notes, Ms. $\infty$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Real Analysis Notes by Prof Syed Gul Shah</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/real-analysis-notes-by-prof-syed-gul-shah?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Real Analysis Notes by Prof Syed Gul Shah

[Real Analysis Notes by Prof Syed Gul Shah]

Real analysis, a discipline that explores the complexities of mathematical functions, limits, and sequences, can often be a difficult topic for students. Prof. Syed Gul Shah, as a true analyst, not only excelled in the subject but also gained fame for his extraordinary qualities as a human being.$s_n&lt;u_n&lt;t_n$$n\ge n_0$$\{s_n\}$$\{t_n\}$$\{u_n\}$$\{s_n\}$$\exists$$\left| {\,{s_n}}\right|&gt;\frac{1}{2}s$$\{s_n\}$…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ring (Notes) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/ring_notes?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ring (Notes) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal

[Ring (Notes) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal]
A handwritten notes on Ring (Algebra) by Prof. M. Dabeer Mughal (Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan). It is best to prepare a “Rings and Vector Spaces” section of your algebra paper or Algebra II for BS or MS Mathematics.$\phi$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Topology and Functional Analysis Solved Paper by Noman Khalid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/topology-and-functional-analysis-solved-pu?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Topology and Functional Analysis Solved Paper by Noman Khalid

These solved papers are written and provided by Mr. noman-khalid. We are very thankful to him for providing these notes to publish on MathCity.org.

Topology and Functional Analysis is considered as one the tough subject in BS/MSc Mathematics in different universities. Here solved paper for the said subject is given for the University of the Punjab (PU), Lahore.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/topology-handwritten-notes?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Topology: Handwritten Notes</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/topology-handwritten-notes?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Topology: Handwritten Notes

[House of Tau]
A topological space is a collection of points with a topology-a structure that describes how close two points are to one another. It is a generalisation of Euclidean spaces that makes it possible to investigate boundaries, continuity, and connectivity. A topology is a group of open sets, or subsets, that adhere to certain principles.$T_0$$T_1$$T_2$$\varepsilon-$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/vector_spaces_handwritten_notes?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Vector Spaces (Handwritten notes)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/notes/vector_spaces_handwritten_notes?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Vector Spaces (Handwritten notes)

[Vector Spaces (Handwritten notes) by Atiq ur Rehman]
Vector space is a fundamental subject in mathematics. At the undergraduate and upper secondary levels, the concept of vector space is regarded as basic and fundamental. These are lecture notes of Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khalid of University of Sargodha, Sargodha written by Atiq ur Rehman.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_of_m.phil._quaid-e-azam_university?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Old Papers of M.Phil. Quaid-e-Azam University.</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_of_m.phil._quaid-e-azam_university?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Old Papers of M.Phil. Quaid-e-Azam University.

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=../images/logoqau.jpg alt=&quot;Quaid-i-Azam University
 Logo&quot; class=mediacenter /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
Old  Admission Test M. Phil. (Mathematics) Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.

Department website: &lt;http://math.qau.edu.pk/&gt;

	*  ARW Admission Test M. Phil Spring 2014  |   |Download PDF (548KB)

	*  ARW Admission Test M. Phil Spring 2013  |   |</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/akhtar?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Akhtar Abbas</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/akhtar?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Akhtar Abbas

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;
Mr. Akhtar Abbas is Lecture in Mathematics at University of Jhang, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. He is a dedicated and hardworking teacher. We are very thankful to him for his great contribution to our website.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/fazal-abbas?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Prof. Fazal Abbas Sajid</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/fazal-abbas?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Prof. Fazal Abbas Sajid

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;[Prof Fazal Abbas Sajid]&lt;/image&gt;
We are very thankful to him for his contribution to the website. Prof. Fazal is a talented teacher contributing to the knowledge of mathematics by making videos and delivering online lectures by Zoom.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/fiaz?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muhammad Fiaz Hussain</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/fiaz?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muhammad Fiaz Hussain

We are very thankful to Muhammad Fiaz Hussain for contributing to our website.

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;

	*  M.Sc, M.Phil. in Applied &amp; Analytic Mathematics (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad)
	*</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/idrees?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muhammad Idrees</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/idrees?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muhammad Idrees

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
Muhammad Idrees; M.Sc, MSC, M.Phil

Department of Mathematics

Govt: Boys Degree College, Nushki-Balochistan.

Emails: &lt;idrees.math@hotmail.com&gt;, &lt;idrees@idrees.pk&gt;
&lt;/callout&gt;

We are very thankful to Muhammad Idrees for contributing to the resources of MathCity.org</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/iftikhar?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muhammad Iftikhar</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/iftikhar?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muhammad Iftikhar

We are very thankful to Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar for his contribution to the website.

	*  Email: &lt;sidram0520@gmail.com&gt;
	*  Department of Mathematics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Contribution:

muhammad_iftikhar contributor</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/muzzammil-subhan?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muzzammil Subhan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/muzzammil-subhan?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muzzammil Subhan

[Muzzammil Subhan]
We&#039;d like to express our deepest gratitude to Mr. Muzzammil Subhan from Narowal city!  A true pioneer contributor, he&#039;s not only a fantastic teacher but also a brilliant mathematician.  His contributions have been invaluable to MathCity.org, and we&#039;re so lucky to have him as part of our community.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/nawab-ali?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Nawab Ali</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/nawab-ali?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Nawab Ali

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;&lt;/image&gt;

We are very thankful to Mr. Nawab Ali for providing notes of functional analysis. His notes are attached below, which might be helpful in BS Mathematics.

	*  Name: Nawab Ali 

	*  Father Name: Muhammad Ayar</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/raheel?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Raheel Ahmad</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/raheel?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Raheel Ahmad

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;[Mr. Raheel Ahmad]&lt;/image&gt;
We are very thankful to Mr. Raheel Ahmad for his contribution to the website.

	*  Email: &lt;ruh242@gmail.com&gt;
	*  Facebook: www.facebook.com/ruh141
	*  Currently working as Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics at GCUF Chiniot Campus.

Contribution:</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/people/salman-sherazi?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Muhammad Salman Sherazi</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/people/salman-sherazi?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Muhammad Salman Sherazi

&lt;image shape=“rounded”&gt;[Muhammad Salman Sherazin]&lt;/image&gt;
We are very thankful to Mr. Muhammad Salman Sherazi for contributing to this website.

	*  Email: &lt;salmansherazi3@gmail.com&gt;
	*  Cell: +92-333-7727666 or +92-306-7856232
	*  Teaching Mathematics at Mailsi , (Vehari)</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mathematical_method/ch03_matrices?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 03: Matrices</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mathematical_method/ch03_matrices?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 03: Matrices

Notes of the book Mathematical Method written by S.M. Yusuf, A. Majeed and M. Amin, published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore - PAKISTAN.

The difficulty level of this chapter is very low. Most of the questions involve calculations. This chapter is wide range of applications in Linear Algebra. In many universities teachers include this chapter in the syllabus of Linear Algebra for BS students of mathematics and other subjects.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mathematical_method/ch04_system_of_linear_equations?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 04: System of Linear Equations</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mathematical_method/ch04_system_of_linear_equations?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 04: System of Linear Equations

Notes of the book Mathematical Method written by S.M. Yusuf, A. Majeed and M. Amin, published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore - PAKISTAN.

The difficulty level of this chapter is low. Most of the questions involve calculations. This chapter is wide range of applications in Linear Algebra and Operations Research. In many universities teachers include this chapter in the syllabus of Linear Algebra and Operations Research for BS students of mathematics and other …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mathematical_method/ch08_infinite_series?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 08: Infinite Series</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/bsc/notes_of_mathematical_method/ch08_infinite_series?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 08: Infinite Series

&lt;div&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://mathcity.org/images/series.gif&quot; title=&quot;Geometric series&quot; class=&quot;mediaright&quot; alt=&quot;Geometric series&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Notes of the book Mathematical Method written by S.M. Yusuf, A. Majeed and M. Amin, published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore - PAKISTAN. 

Infinite series are of great importance in both pure and applied mathematics. They play a significant role in Physics and engineering. In fact many functions can be represented by infinite series. The theo…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 1: Complex Numbers (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 1: Complex Numbers (Solutions)

This is a first unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$z$$z=a+ib$$(a,b)$$a$$b$$i=\sqrt{-1}$$a$$z$$b$$z$$\bar{z} = a —ib$$z=a+ib$$|z| = \sqrt{a^2+b^2}$$z=a+ib$$&#039;+&#039;$$&#039;\times&#039;$$z$$|z|=|-z|=|\bar{z}=|-\bar{z}|$$pz^2+ qz+ r = 0$$p,q,r$$z$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles (Solutions)

This is a tenth unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.$a\sin\theta + b\cos \theta$$r\sin(\theta +\psi )$$a = r\cos\psi$$b=r\sin\psi$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/bise-papers/view?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Papers (Old/Past/Model): BISE</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/bise-papers/view?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Papers (Old/Past/Model): BISE

Old (or Past) Papers or Model Papers help the students and teachers to get an idea about the paper pattern and distribution of syllabus. This page is created to view or download the old or model papers. Please remember, only old papers or model papers of Mathematics FSc Part 1 (HSSC-I) conducted by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) of different cities of the Punjab are given on this page. List of papers is given below.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcq-bank/ch01?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs: Ch 01 Number Systems</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcq-bank/ch01?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs: Ch 01 Number Systems

High quality MCQs of Chapter 01 Number System of Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. The answers are given at the end of the page.

MCQs

	*  If $*$$A$$a, b \in A$$a+b \in A$$a-b \in A$$a \times b \in A$$a * b \in A$$z=(1,3)$$z^{-1}= $$(\displaystyle{\frac{1}{10}},\displaystyle{\frac{3}{10}})$$(-\displaystyle{\frac{1}{10}},\displaystyle{\frac{3}{10}})$$(\displaystyle{\frac{1}{10}},-\display…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcq-bank/ch02?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs: Ch 02 Sets, Functions and Groups</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcq-bank/ch02?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs: Ch 02 Sets, Functions and Groups

High quality MCQs of Chapter 02 Sets, Functions and Groups of Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. The answers are given at the end of the page.$\forall$$\wedge$$&lt;$$\in$$A$$B$$A\cap B=\phi$$A=B$$B\subseteq A$$A \subseteq B$$A$$B$$A-B \neq \phi$$A=B$$A \subseteq B$$B\subseteq A$$A$$B$$A\cap B=A$$B \subseteq A$$A\cap B=\phi$$A\subseteq B$$B\subseteq A$$A=\phi$$A \cup B=A$$A \cap B=…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcq-bank/ch04?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs: Ch 04 Quadratic Equations</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/mcq-bank/ch04?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs: Ch 04 Quadratic Equations

High quality MCQs of Chapter 01 Number System of Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. The answers are given at the end of the page.

MCQs

$ax^2+bx+c=0$$ax^2+bx+c=0$$b \neq 0$$c \neq 0$$a \neq 0$$x$$ax^2+bx+c$$ax^2+bx+c=0$$\{a,b\}$$ax^2+bx+c=0$$a\neq 0$$x= \frac{b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{a}$$x= \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2+4ac}}{2a}$$x= \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{4ac-b^2}}{2a}$$x= \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_mcqs/short_questions_by_mr._akhtar_abbas?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Short Questions by Mr. Akhtar Abbas</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_mcqs/short_questions_by_mr._akhtar_abbas?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Short Questions by Mr. Akhtar Abbas

	*  We are very thankful to Mr. Akhtar Abbas for sharing these short questions.
	*  These short questions are selected from previous 5 years papers of different boards. Solve these at your own to perform well in annual exams.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch01?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 01: Number System</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch01?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 01: Number System

[Chapter 01: Number System]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 01: Number System, Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Rational numbers and irrational numbers$\mathbb{C}$$(x+iy)^n$$\left(\frac{x_1+iy_1}{x_2+iy_2}\right)^n, x_2+iy_2\neq 0$$\sqrt{-1}=i$$\sqrt{-1}$$i$$-i$$i$$-i$$-1$$i^2=-1$$\sqrt{-1}=i$$\sqrt{-1}$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch02?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 02: Sets, Functions and Groups</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch02?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 02: Sets, Functions and Groups

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 02: Sets, Functions and Groups, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

[Chapter 02: Sets, Functions and Groups]

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Introduction$p\leftrightarrow q$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch03?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 03: Matrices and Determinants</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch03?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 03: Matrices and Determinants

[Chapter 03: Matrices and Determinants]

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 03: Matrices and Determinants, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Introduction$2\times2$$2\times2$$2\times2$$n\geq 3$$n\geq 3$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 05: Partial Fractions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch05?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 05: Partial Fractions

[Chapter 05: Partial Fractions]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 05: Partial Fractions, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Introduction
	*  Rational Fraction$\frac {P(x)}{Q(x)}$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch06?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 06: Sequences and Series</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch06?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 06: Sequences and Series

[Chapter 06: Sequences and Series]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 06: Sequences and Series, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Introduction
	*  Types of Sequences$l,m,n$$p$$q$$r$$$l(q-r)+m(r-p)+n(p-q)=0$$$a_1$$d$$$\begin{align}l=a_1+(p-1)d,\\ m=a_1+(q-1)d,\\ n=a_1+(r-1)d.\end{align}$$
Now $$\begin{align}L.H.S &amp;=  l(q-r)+m(r-p)+n(p-q)\\
&amp;= lq-lr+mr-mp+np-nq\\
&amp;=…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 07: Permutation, Combination and Probability</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch07?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 07: Permutation, Combination and Probability

[Chapter 07: Permutation , Combination and Probability]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 07: Permutation , Combination and Probability, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 08: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch08?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 08: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem

[Chapter 08 Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 08: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.$(a+x)^n$$(a+x)^n$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 11: Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch11?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 11: Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs

[Chapter 11: Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 11: Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary
$ y = \sin x$$-2\pi \hbox{ to } 2\pi$$ y = \cos x$$-2\pi \hbox{ to } 2\pi$$ y = \tan x$$-\pi \hbox{ to } \pi$$ y = \cot x$$-2\pi \hbox{ to } \pi$$ y = \sec x$$-2\pi \hbox{ to } 2\pi…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 12: Application of Trigonometry</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch12?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 12: Application of Trigonometry

[Chapter 12: Application of Trigonometry]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 12: Application of Trigonometry, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	*  Introduction</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch13?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions

[Chapter 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary

	* ${\sin ^{ - 1}}A + {\sin ^{ - 1}}B = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {A\sqrt {1 - {B^2}}  + B\sqrt {1 - {A^2}} } \right)$${\sin ^{ - 1}}A - {\sin ^{ - 1}}B = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {A\sqrt {1 - {B^2}}  - B\sqrt {1 - {…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch14?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation

[Chapter 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation]
Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

Contents &amp; summary
${\sin ^{ - 1}}A + {\sin ^{ - 1}}B = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {A\sqrt {1 - {B^2}}  + B\sqrt {1 - {A^2}} } \right)$${\sin ^{ - 1}}A - {\sin ^{ - 1}}B = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {A\sqrt {1 - {B^2}}  - B\sqr…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs by Muhammad Imran Qureshi</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs/mcqs_by_muhammad_imran_qureshi?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs by Muhammad Imran Qureshi

	*  Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore)
 Unit 01  View Online   Download PDF (78KB)  Unit 01: Key  Unit 02 View Online   Download PDF (71KB)  Unit 02: Key  Unit 03  View Online   Download PDF (67KB)  Unit 03: Key  Unit 04  View Online   Download PDF (50KB)  Unit 04: Key  Unit 05  View Online   Download PDF (49KB)  Unit 05: Key  Unit 06  View Online   Download PDF (58KB)</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs by Nauman Idrees</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs/mcqs_by_nauman_idrees?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs by Nauman Idrees

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/mcqs.jpg class=&quot;mediacenter&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

	*  Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore)

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 ARW Unit 01  View Online   Download PDF (48KB)   Unit 01: Key   ARW Unit 02  View Online   Download PDF (62KB)  Unit 02: Key   ARW Unit 03  View Online   Download PDF (72KB)  Unit 03: Key   ARW Unit 04  View Online   Download PDF (48KB)  Unit 04: Key   ARW Unit 05  View Online   Down…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs/mcqs-short_questions_by_mr._parvez_khan?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>MCQs-Short Questions by Mr. Parvez Khan</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_mcqs/mcqs-short_questions_by_mr._parvez_khan?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>MCQs-Short Questions by Mr. Parvez Khan

	*  MCQs and Short Question by Mr. Parvez Khan composed by Momin Ali: Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12 (Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore). &lt;wrap hi&gt;Answers are given at page 32.&lt;/wrap&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;

&lt;iframe src=&quot;http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathcity.org%2Ffiles%2Ffsc%2Ffsc_part2%2FMCQs-Short_Questions_Math_FSc_Part2.pdf&amp;embedded=true&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;910&quot; style=&quot;border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Assessment Scheme</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_2_model_papers/bise_marks_distribution?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Assessment Scheme

Chapter wise marks distribution is given below. 

Mathematics Class 12

Time: 3 Hours

Marks: 100
 Ch #  Chapter name   Weightage %   Distribution of marks   1   Functions and limits    7%    11   2   Differentiation    21%    30</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 01: Complex Numbers</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_01_complex_numbers?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 01: Complex Numbers

Notes of Chapter 01: Complex Numbers of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.



[Download PDF ~ ch01-complex-numbers-fsc1-kpk.pdf]

fsc kpk_fsc_part1</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 02: Matrices and Determinants</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_02_matrices_and_determinants?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 02: Matrices and Determinants

Notes of Chapter 02: Matrices and Determinants of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 03: Vectors</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_03_vectors?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 03: Vectors

Notes of Chapter 03: Vectors of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.



[Download PDF ~ ch03-vectors-fsc1-kpk.pdf]

fsc kpk_fsc_part1</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 04: Sequences</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_04_sequences?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 04: Sequences

Notes of Chapter 04: Sequences of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.



[Download PDF ~ ch04-sequences-fsc1-kpk.pdf]

fsc kpk_fsc_part1</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 05: Miscellaneous Series</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_05_miscellaneous_series?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 05: Miscellaneous Series

Notes of Chapter 05: Miscellaneous Series of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.



[Download PDF ~ ch05-miscellaneous-series-fsc1-kpk.pdf]

fsc kpk_fsc_part1</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 06: Permutation, Combination and Probability</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_06_permutation_combination_and_probability?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 06: Permutation, Combination and Probability

Notes of Chapter 06: Permutation, Combination and Probability of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 07: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_07_mathematical_induction_and_binomial_theorem?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 07: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem

Notes of Chapter 07: Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 08: Function and Graphs</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_08_functions_and_graphs?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 08: Function and Graphs

Notes of Chapter 08: Function and Graphs of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.



[Download PDF ~ ch08-functions-and-graphs-fsc1-kpk.pdf]

fsc kpk_fsc_part1</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 09: Linear Programming</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_09_linear_programming?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 09: Linear Programming

Notes of Chapter 09: Linear Programming of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.



[Download PDF ~ ch09-linear-programming-fsc1-kpk.pdf]

fsc kpk_fsc_part1</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_10_trigonometric_identities_of_sum_and_difference_of_angles?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles

Notes of Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 11: Application of Trigonometry</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_11_application_of_trigonometry?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 11: Application of Trigonometry

Notes of Chapter 11: Application of Trigonometry of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Textbook Board, Pesharwar. These notes are shared as open educational resources.</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Chapter 12: Graph of Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Solutions of Trigonometric Equations</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/kpk_fsc_part_1/chapter_12_graph_of_trigonometric_and_inverse_trigonometric_functions_and_solutions_of_trigonometric_equations?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Chapter 12: Graph of Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Solutions of Trigonometric Equations

Notes of Chapter 12: Graph of Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Solutions of Trigonometric Equations of “A Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 01: Complex Numbers (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 01: Complex Numbers (Solutions)

This is a first unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$z$$z=a+ib$$(a,b)$$a$$b$$i=\sqrt{-1}$$a$$z$$b$$z$$\bar{z} = a —ib$$z=a+ib$$|z| = \sqrt{a^2+b^2}$$z=a+ib$$&#039;+&#039;$$&#039;\times&#039;$$z$$|z|=|-z|=|\bar{z}=|-\bar{z}|$$pz^2+ qz+ r = 0$$p,q,r$$z$</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants (Solutions)

This is a second unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$z$$z=a+ib$$(a,b)$$a$$b$$i=\sqrt{-1}$$a$$z$$b$$z$$\bar{z} = a —ib$$z=a+ib$$|z| = \sqrt{a^2+b^2}$$z=a+ib$$&#039;+&#039;$$&#039;\times&#039;$$z$$|z|=|-z|=|\bar{z}=|-\bar{z}|$$pz^2+ qz+ r = 0$$p,q,r$$z$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 03: Vectors (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 03: Vectors (Solutions)

This is a third unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$i$$j$$i$$j$$k$$O$$-A$$A$$i.i=j.j=k.k=1$$i.j=j.k=k.i=0$$i\times i =j\times j =k\times k=0$$i\times j = k$$j\times k =k\times j = i$$A \times B$$A$$B$$i.j\times k =j.k\times i=k.i\times j=1$$i.k\times j = J.i\times k=k.j\times i=-1$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 04: Sequence and Series (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 04: Sequence and Series (Solutions)

This is a forth unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$n$$n$$n$$n$$n$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 05: Miscellaneous Series (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 05: Miscellaneous Series (Solutions)

This is a fifth unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$n$$n$$n$$n$$n$$\dfrac{1}{a(a+d)}+\dfrac{1}{(a+d)(a+2 d)}+ \cdots $</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probability (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probability (Solutions)

This is a sixth unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$n$$n!$$n$$r$$^nP_r$$n$$r$$n$$r$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 07: Mathmatical Induction and Binomial Theorem (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 07: Mathmatical Induction and Binomial Theorem (Solutions)

This is a seventh unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.

After reading this unit the students will be able to$(x+y)^n$$n$$(x+y)^n$$(x+ y)^n.$$(1 +x)^n$$n$$n.$$(l +x)^n$$x$$|x| &lt; 1$$n$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles (Solutions)

This is a tenth unit of the book Mathematics 11 published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.$a\sin\theta + b\cos \theta$$r\sin(\theta +\psi )$$a = r\cos\psi$$b=r\sin\psi$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 01: Complex Numbers (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 01: Complex Numbers (Solutions)

[Unit 01: Complex Numbers (Solutions)]
This is a first unit of the book Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.$z$$z^2+a^2$$z^3-3z^2+z=5$$pz^2+qz+r=0$$p,q,r$$z$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants (Solutions)

This is a second unit of the book Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 04: Sequences and Seeries</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 04: Sequences and Seeries

This is a forth unit of the book “Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.$n$$n$$n$$n$$n$$n$$n$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 05: Polynomials</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 05: Polynomials

[Unit 05: Polynomials]
This is a fifth unit of the book “Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry

[Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry]
This is a eight unit of the book “Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.$\cos(\alpha -\beta)=\cos \alpha \cos\beta+\sin\alpha \sin\beta$$\cos(\alpha +\beta)=\cos \alpha \cos\beta-\sin\alpha \sin\beta$$\sin(\alpha \pm \beta)=\sin \alpha \cos\beta \pm \sin\alpha \co…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions

This is a ninth unit of the book “Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI” published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. On this page we have provided the solutions of the questions.$a+b \sin \theta$$a+b \cos \theta$$a+b \sin(c \theta+d)$$a+b \cos(c \theta+d)$$a, b, c$$d$$\sin \theta$$\cos \theta$$\tan \theta$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/ex-4-1?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 4.1

On the following page we have given the solution of Exercise 4.1 of Mathematics 9 (Science) published by Caravan Book House, Lahore.
&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
We have created this page and it will be updated to add new solutions occasionally. Please stay in touch with this page.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$3x^2+\frac{1}{x}-5$$3x^3-4x^2-x\sqrt{x}+3$$x^2-3x+\sqrt{2}$$\frac{3x}{2x-1}+8$$3x^2+\frac{1}{x}-5$$No (Reason:\frac{1}{x})$$3x^3-4x^2-x\sqrt{x}+3$$No (Reasons  \sqrt{x})$$x^2-3x+\sqrt{2}$$Yes$$\f…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 6.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/ex-6-1?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 6.1

On the following page we have given the solution of Exercise 6.1 of Mathematics 9 (Science) published by Caravan Book House, Lahore.
&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
We have created this page and it will be updated to add new solutions occasionally. Please stay in touch with this page.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$39x^7y^3z$$91x^5y^6 z^7$$102xy^2z$$85x^2yz$$187xyz^2$$39x^7y^3z=13\times 3\times x^7 y^3 z$$91x^5y^6 z^7=13\times 7\times x^5 y^6 z^7$$13 x^5y^3z$$102xy^2z=2\times 3\times 17 xy^2z$$85x^2yz=3\tim…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/ex-6-2?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 6.2

On the following page we have given the solution of Exercise 6.2 of Mathematics 9 (Science) published by Caravan Book House, Lahore.
&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
We have created this page and it will be updated to add new solutions occasionally. Please stay in touch with this page.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$\frac{x^2-x-6}{x^2-9}+\frac{x^2+2x-24}{x^2-x-12}$\begin{align} \frac{x^2-x-6}{x^2-9}&amp;+\frac{x^2+2x-24}{x^2-x-12}\\
&amp;=\frac{x^2-3x+2x-6}{(x)^2-(3)^2}+\frac{x^2+6x-4x-24}{x^2-4x+3x-12}\\&amp;= \frac{x(…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/ex-6-3?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 6.3

On the following page we have given the solution of Exercise 6.3 of Mathematics 9 (Science) published by Caravan Book House, Lahore.
&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
We have created this page and it will be updated to add new solutions occasionally. Please stay in touch with this page.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$4x^2-12xy +9y^2$$x^2-1+\frac{1}{4x^2}, (x\neq 0)$$\frac{1}{16}x^2-\frac{1}{12}xy+ \frac{1}{36}y^2$$4(a+b)^2-12(a^2-b^2)+9(a-b)^2$$\frac{4x^6-12x^3y^3+9y^6}{9x^4-24x^2y^2+16y^4},(x \neq 0)$$\left(…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/review_exercise?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Review exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/review_exercise?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Review exercise

On the following page we have given the solution of Review exercise of Mathematics 9 (Science) published by Caravan Book House, Lahore.
&lt;WRAP center round info 60%&gt;
We have created this page and it will be updated to add new solutions occasionally. Please stay in touch with this page.
&lt;/WRAP&gt;$x-2$$x^2+x-6$$x^2+x-6$$x+3$$x-2$$x+2$$c$$a^3+b^3$$a^2-ab+b^2$$a+b$$a^2-ab+b^2$$(a-b)^2$$a^2+b^2$$c$$x^2-5x+6$$x^2-x-6$$x-3$$x+2$$x^2-4$$x-2$$a$$a^2-b^2$$a^3-b^3$$a-b$$a+b$$a^2+ab+b^2$$a^2-a…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit08?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit08?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application

On this page notes of Unit 08 of Mathematics 9 written by Dr. Karamat H. Dar and Prof. Irfan-ul-Haq are given.
[Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application]
After studying this unit the students will be able to:

	*  Identity pair of real numbers as an ordered pair.$O$$\left( O \right)$$\left( a,b \right)$$a\,$$b$$y=c.$$x=a.$$y=mx.$$y=mx+c.$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit11?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 11: Parallelograms and Triangles</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit11?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 11: Parallelograms and Triangles

On this page notes of Unit 11 of Mathematics 9 written by Dr. Karamat H. Dar and Prof. Irfan-ul-Haq are given.
[Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application]
After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

	*  prove that in a parallelogram
		*  the opposite sides are congruent,</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit01-view?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 01: Quadratic Equations: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit01-view?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 01: Quadratic Equations: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 01: Quadratic Equations, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 01

	*  Exercise 1.1

	*  Exercise 1.2

	*  Exercise 1.3</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit02-view?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 02: Theory of Quadratic Equations: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit02-view?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 02: Theory of Quadratic Equations: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 02: Theory of Quadratic Equations, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 02</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit03-view?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 03: Variations: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit03-view?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 03: Variations: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 03: Variations, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 03

	*  Exercise 3.1

	*  Exercise 3.2

	*  Exercise 3.3

	*  Exercise 3.4

	*  Exercise 3.5

	*  Exercise 3.6</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit04-view?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 04: Partial Fractions: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit04-view?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 04: Partial Fractions: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 04: Partial Fractions, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 04

	*  Exercise 4.1

	*  Exercise 4.2

	*  Exercise 4.3

	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/mcqs_short_questions/real_analysis?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Real Analysis: Short Questions and MCQs</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/mcqs_short_questions/real_analysis?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Real Analysis: Short Questions and MCQs

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
We are going to add short questions and MCQs for Real Analysis. The subject is similar to calculus but little bit more abstract. This is a compulsory subject in MSc and BS Mathematics in most of the universities of Pakistan. The author of this page is Dr. $\left\{\frac{1}{n+1} \right\}$$\left\{\frac{n+2}{n+1} \right\}$$\{x_n\}$$\{y_n\}$$\lim_{n\to\infty z_n}$$z_n=x_n-2y_n$$\{x_n\}$$\{y_n\}$$\lim_{n\to\infty z_n}$$x_n=2y_n…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/mcqs_short_questions/toplogy?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Topology: Short Questions and MCQs</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/mcqs_short_questions/toplogy?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Topology: Short Questions and MCQs

&lt;callout type=“info” icon=“true”&gt;
We are going to add short questions and MCQs for Topology. This is a compulsory subject in MSc and BS Mathematics in most of the universities of Pakistan. The author of this page is Dr. $\mathbb{R}$$X=\{a\}$$X$$X$$X$$\tau$$\mathbb{N}$$\tau$$(\mathbb{Z}, \tau)$$\mathbb{N}$$\tau$$A=\{\pm 100,\pm 101, \pm 102, ... \}$$\tau$$E=\{0,\pm 2,\pm 4,...\}$$\tau$$\tau$$B=\{1,2,3,...,99\}$$\tau$$C=\{10^{10}+n : n \in \mathbb{Z} \}$$\tau$$S…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Targets</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/notes/targets?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Targets

Here we have listed the notes for MSc or BS Mathematics, which will be published on MathCity.org. We are working hard to find these notes. Whenever we found these notes we will put them on our website. Here are our targets.

	*  Fluid Mechanics</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>University of the Punjab, Lahore (Old Papers)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_msc_mathematics/punjab_university?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>University of the Punjab, Lahore (Old Papers)

&lt;img src=http://www.mathcity.org/images/logopu.gif alt=&quot;University of the Punjab
 Logo&quot; class=mediacenter /&gt;

Old papers for MSc (Mathematics), University of the Punjab, Lahore. Hopefully this will help students to understand the pattern. . Notes of different subject are available in MSc Notes section of this website.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
${{i}^{9}}+{{i}^{19}}$\begin{align}{{i}^{9}}+{{i}^{19}}&amp;=i\cdot{{i}^{8}}+i\cdot{{i}^{18}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{4}}+i\cdot{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{9}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot{{\left( -1 \right)}^{4}}+i\cdot{{\left( -1 \right)}^{9}}\\
&amp;=i\cdo…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
${{i}^{107}}+{{i}^{112}}+{{i}^{122}}+{{i}^{153}}=0$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;={{i}^{107}}+{{i}^{112}}+{{i}^{122}}+{{i}^{153}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot i^{106}+i^{112}+i^{122}+i\cdot i^{152}\\
&amp;=i.{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{53}}+{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{56}}+…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4(i)
$\left( a,0 \right)\left( 2,-b \right)$\begin{align}&amp;\left( a,0 \right)-\left( 2,-b \right)\\
&amp;=\left( a+0i \right)-\left( 2-bi \right)\\
&amp;=\left( a-2 \right)+\left( 0+b \right)i\\
&amp;=\left( a-2 \right)+bi\end{align}$\left( -3,\dfrac{1}{2} \right)\le…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p4?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
$8i+11,-7+5i$\begin{align}&amp;(8i+11)\times (-7+5i)\\
&amp;=\left( 11+8i \right)\times \left( -7+5i \right)\\
&amp;=\left( -77+40{{i}^{2}} \right)+\left( 55-56 \right)i\\
&amp;=\left( -77+40\left( -1 \right) \right)+\left( 55-56 \right)i\\
&amp;=\left( -77-40 \right)+…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p5?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)
$\dfrac{4+i}{3+5i}$$a+ib$\begin{align}\dfrac{4+i}{3+5i}&amp;=\dfrac{4+i}{3+5i}\times \dfrac{3-5i}{3-5i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 12+5 \right)+\left( 3-20 \right)i}{9-25{{i}^{2}}}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{17-17i}{9+25}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{17}{34}-\dfrac{17}{34}i\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfr…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p6?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
${{z}_{1}}=1+2i$${{z}_{2}}=2+3i$$|{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}|$$z_1=1+2i$$z_2=2+3i$\begin{align}
{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}&amp;=1+2i+2+3i\\
&amp;=1+2+2i+3i\\
&amp;=3+5i
\end{align}\begin{align}
|z_1+z_2|&amp;=\sqrt{3^2+5^2}\\
&amp;=\sqrt{9+25}\\ 
&amp;=\sqrt{34}\end{align}${{z}_{1}}=1+2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p7?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$\dfrac{1-2i}{2+i}+\dfrac{4-i}{3+2i}$$a+ib.$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{1-2i}{2+i}+\dfrac{4-i}{3+2i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 3+2i \right)\left( 1-2i \right)+\left( 2+i \right)\left( 4-i \right)}{\left( 2+i \right)\left( 3+2i \right)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 3+4+2i-6i …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p8?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$\dfrac{\left( 3-2i \right)\left( 2+3i \right)}{\left( 1+2i \right)\left( 2-i \right)}$\begin{align}z&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 3-2i \right)\left( 2+3i \right)}{\left( 1+2i \right)\left( 2-i \right)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{6+6+9i-4i}{2+2+4i-i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{12+5i}{4+3…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p9?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11(i)
${{z}_{1}}=2-i$${{z}_{2}}=-2+i$${\rm Re}\left( \dfrac{{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}}{\overline{{{z}_{1}}}} \right)$$z_1=2-i$$z_2=-2+i$$\overline{z_1}=2+i$\begin{align}
z_1 z_2&amp;=(2-i)(-2+i)\\ 
&amp;=-4+1+2i+2i\\
&amp;=-3+4i
\end{align}\begin{align}
\dfrac{z_1 z_2}{\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1

If ${{z}_{1}}=2+i$${{z}_{2}}=1-i$${{z}_{1}}=2+i$${{z}_{2}}=1-i$$$z_1+z_2=z_2+z_1.$$\begin{align}z_1+z_2&amp;=(2+i)+(1-i)\\ 
&amp;=3 \ldots (i) \end{align}\begin{align} 
z_2+z_1&amp;=(1-i)+(2+i)\\
&amp;=3 \ldots (ii)\end{align}$$z_1 z_2=z_2 z_1.$$\begin{align}z_1 z_2 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2

$z_1=-1+i$, $z_2=3-2i$${{z}_{3}}=2-2i$${{z}_{1}}=-1+i$${{z}_{2}}=3-2i$${{z}_{3}}=2-2i$$$(z_1+z_2)+z_3=z_1+(z_2+z_3).$$\begin{align} 
{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}&amp;=\left( -1+i \right)+\left( 3-2i \right)\\
&amp;=2-i\end{align}\begin{align}
\left( {{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
${{z}_{1}}=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}i$${{z}_{2}}=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}i$${{z}_{3}}=2+3i$${{z}_{1}}=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}i$${{z}_{2}}=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}i$${{z}_{3}}=2+3i$\begin{align}{{z}_{1}}\left( {{z}_{2}}+{{z}_{3}} \right)&amp;={{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}+{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p4?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
${{z}_{1}}=2+4i$${{z}_{2}}=1-3i$$\overline{{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}}=\overline{{{z}_{1}}}+\overline{{{z}_{2}}}$${{z}_{1}}=2+4i$${{z}_{2}}=1-3i$$\overline{{{z}_{1}}}=2-4i$$\overline{{{z}_{2}}}=1+3i$\begin{align}z_1+z_2&amp;=2+4i+1-3i\\
&amp;=3+i \end{align}\begin…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p5?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p5?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)
${{z}_{1}}$${{z}_{2}}$$|{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}|=|{{z}_{1}}||{{z}_{2}}|$${{z}_{1}}=a+bi$${{z}_{2}}=c+di$$|z_1=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}|$$|z_2=\sqrt{c^2+d^2}|$\begin{align}
L.H.S.&amp;=|{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}|\\
&amp;=|(a+bi)(c+di)|\\ 
&amp;=|ac-bd+(ad+bc)i|\\
&amp;=\sqrt{{{(ac-bd)}^{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p6?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p6?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
$\dfrac{2+3i}{5-2i}$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{2+3i}{5-2i} \\
=&amp;\dfrac{2+3i}{5-2i}\times \dfrac{5+2i}{5+2i} \quad \text{by rationalizing} \\
=&amp;\dfrac{10-6+15i+4i}{25+4}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{4+19i}{29}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{4}{29}+\dfrac{19}{29}i \end{align}$=\dfrac{4}{29}$$=\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p7?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p7?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$z+\overline{z}=2\operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)$$z=a+ib$$\overline{z}=a-ib$\begin{align}z+\overline{z}&amp;=\left( a+ib \right)+\left( a-ib \right)\\
&amp;=a+ib+a-ib\\
&amp;=2a\\
z+\overline{z}&amp;=2\operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)\end{align}$z-\overline{z}=2i…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p8?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p8?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)
$z=3+2i,$$-|z|\leq \operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)\leq |z|$$z=3+2i$$|z|=\sqrt{9+4}=\sqrt{13}$${\rm Re}z=3=\sqrt{9}$\begin{align} &amp;-\sqrt{13} \leq \sqrt{9} \leq \sqrt{13}\\
\implies &amp;-|z|\leq \operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)\leq |z|\end{align}$z=3…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
\begin{align}&amp;z-4w=3i\\ 
&amp;2z+3w=11-5i\end{align}\begin{align}z-4w&amp;=3i		…(i)\\
2z+3w&amp;=11-5i	…(ii)\end{align}$2$\begin{align}2z-8w&amp;=6i		…(iii)\end{align}\[\begin{array}{cccc}
2z&amp;-8w&amp;=6i  \\  
\mathop+\limits_{-}2z&amp;\mathop+\limits_{-}3w&amp;=\mathop-\limit…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)
$P(z)$$$P\left( z \right)={{z}^{3}}+6z+20$$$$p\left( z \right)={{z}^{3}}+6z+20$$$(z-a)$$P(z)$$P(a)=0$$z=-2$\begin{align}
P(-2)&amp;=(-2)^3+6(-2)+20\\
&amp;=-8-12+20\\
&amp;=0\end{align}$z+2$${{z}^{3}}+6z+20$$$\begin{array}{c|cccc}
-2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 6 &amp; 20 \\  
 &amp; \d…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
${{z}_{1}}=-1+i$${{z}_{2}}=-1-i$${{z}^{2}}+2z+2=0$$$z^2+2z_1+2=0\quad \ldots (i)$$$z_1=-1+i$\begin{align}L.H.S &amp;= (-1+i)^2+2(-1+i)+2\\
&amp;=1-2i-1-2+2i+2\\
&amp;=0=R.H.S\end{align}$z_1=-1+i$$z_2=-1-i$\begin{align}
L.H.S&amp;=(-1-i)^2+2(-1-i)+2\\
&amp;=1+2i-1-…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p4?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
${{z}^{2}}+z+3=0$${{z}^{2}}+z+3=0$$a=1,\,\,\,b=1$$c=3$\begin{align}z&amp;=\dfrac{-b\pm \sqrt{{{b}^{2}}-4ac}}{2a}\\ 
z&amp;=\dfrac{-\left( 1 \right)\pm \sqrt{{{\left( 1 \right)}^{2}}-4\left( 1 \right)\left( 3 \right)}}{2\left( 1 \right)}\\
z&amp;=\dfrac{-1\pm \s…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p5?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)
${{z}^{4}}+{{z}^{2}}+1=0$\begin{align}{{z}^{4}}+{{z}^{2}}+1&amp;=0\\
{{z}^{4}}+2\left( \dfrac{1}{2} \right){{z}^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+1&amp;=0\\
{{\left( {{z}^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2} \right)}^{2}}+\dfrac{4-1}{4}&amp;=0\\
{{\left( {{z}^{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2} \righ…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1
${{\left( \dfrac{2i}{1+i} \right)}^{2}}$$i$$2i$$1-i$$i+1$$\dfrac{5+2i}{4-3i}$$-\dfrac{7}{25}+\dfrac{26}{25}i$$\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{2}{3}i$$\dfrac{14}{25}+\dfrac{23}{25}i$$\dfrac{26}{7}+\dfrac{23}{7}i$${{i}^{57}}+\frac{1}{{{i}^{25}}}$$0$$2i$$-2…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{i}^{n}}+{{i}^{n+1}}+{{i}^{n+2}}+{{i}^{n+3}}=0$$\forall n\in N$\begin{align}{{i}^{n}}+{{i}^{n+1}}+{{i}^{n+2}}+{{i}^{n+3}}&amp;=0\\
L.H.S.&amp;={{i}^{n}}+{{i}^{n}}\cdot i+{{i}^{n}}\cdot {{i}^{2}}+{{i}^{n}}\cdot {{i}^{3}}\\
&amp;={{i}^{n}}\left( 1+i+{{i}^{2}}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{z}_{1}}=2-i$${{z}_{2}}=1+i,$$|\dfrac{{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}+1}{{{z}_{1}}-{{z}_{2}}+1}|$\begin{align}{{z}_{1}}&amp;=2-i,\\
{{z}_{2}}&amp;=1+i,\\
\dfrac{{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}+1}{{{z}_{1}}-{{z}_{2}}+1}&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 2-i \right)+\left( 1+i \right)+1}{\left( 2-…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, 7 &amp; 8, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p4?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, 7 &amp; 8, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 6, 7 &amp; 8 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{1}{3+4i}$\begin{align}\dfrac{1}{3+4i}&amp;=\dfrac{1}{3+4i}\times \dfrac{3-4i}{3-4i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{3-4i}{9+16}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{3-4i}{25}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{3}{25}-\dfrac{4i}{25}\end{align}$\dfrac{3i+2}{3-2i}$\begin{align}\dfrac{3i+2}{3-2i}\\
\dfrac{3i+2}…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. There are four parts in Question 1.$\sin {{37}^{\circ }}\cos {{22}^{\circ }}+\cos {{37}^{\circ }}\sin {{22}^{\circ }}$\begin{align} \sin (\alpha +\beta )=\sin \alpha \cos \beta +\cos \alpha \sin \beta, \end{align}\begin{a…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \dfrac{\pi }{12}$$\dfrac{\pi }{12}$$\dfrac{\pi }{3}-\dfrac{\pi }{4}$\begin{align}\sin (\alpha -\beta )=\sin \alpha \cos \beta -\cos \alpha \sin.\end{align}\begin{align} \Rightarrow \quad \sin \left( \frac{\pi }{3}-\f…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin u=\dfrac{3}{5}$$\sin v=\dfrac{4}{5}$$u$$v$$0$$\dfrac{\pi }{2}$$\cos \left( u+v \right)$$\sin u=\dfrac{3}{5},$$0\le u\le \dfrac{\pi }{2}.$$\sin v=\dfrac{4}{5},$$0\le v\le \dfrac{\pi }{2}.$$\cos u=\pm \sqrt{1-{{\sin }^…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p4?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \alpha =-\dfrac{4}{5}$$\cos \beta =-\dfrac{12}{13}$$\alpha $$\beta $$\sin \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)$$\sin \alpha=-\dfrac{4}{5}$$\alpha$$\sin \beta=-\dfrac{12}{13}$$\beta$$$\cos \alpha=\pm \sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}.$$$\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p5?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\tan \alpha =\dfrac{3}{4}$$\sec \beta =\dfrac{13}{5}$$\alpha$$\beta$$\sin \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)$$\tan\alpha =\dfrac{3}{4}$$\tan\alpha$$\alpha$\begin{align}{{\sec}^{2}}\alpha &amp;=1+{{\tan}^{2}}\alpha\\
\Rightarrow \q…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p6?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p6?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos \alpha =2{{\cos }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}-1=1-2{{\sin }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}$\begin{align}L.H.S&amp;=\cos \alpha \\
\cos \alpha &amp;=\cos 2\dfrac{\alpha }{2}\\
&amp;={{\cos }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}-{{\sin }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p7?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cot \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)=\dfrac{\cot \alpha \cot \beta -1}{\cot \alpha +\cot \beta }$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\cot (\alpha +\beta )\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{\tan (\alpha +\beta )}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{\,\dfrac{\tan \alpha +\tan \beta…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p8?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p8?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\tan \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \right)=\dfrac{\cos \theta +\sin \theta }{\cos \theta -\sin \theta }$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\tan \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \right)\\ 
&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \ri…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p9?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p9?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{\sin \theta }{\sec 4\theta }+\dfrac{\cos \theta }{\cos ec4\theta }=\sin 5\theta $\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta }{\sec 4\theta }+\dfrac{\cos \theta }{\cos ec4\theta }\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta }…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p10?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question11 and 12, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p10?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question11 and 12, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 11 and 12 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\alpha$$\beta$$\gamma$$ABC$$\cot \dfrac{\alpha }{2}+\cot \dfrac{\beta }{2}+\cot \dfrac{\gamma }{2}=\cot \dfrac{\alpha }{2}\cot \dfrac{\beta }{2}\cot \dfrac{\gamma }{2}$$\alpha$$\beta$$\gamma$\begin{align}&amp;\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p11?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$r\,\,\sin \left( \theta +\phi  \right)$$\theta$$\phi$$4\sin \theta +3\cos \theta .$$4\sin \theta +3\cos \theta$$r\sin(\theta + \varphi)$$$4\sin \theta +3\cos \theta=r\cos\varphi\sin\theta+r\sin\varphi\cos\theta --- (1)$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. There are four parts in Question 1.$\sin 2\theta ,\,\,\cos 2\theta$$\tan 2\theta$$\tan \theta =-\dfrac{1}{5}$$\theta$$\sin \theta =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{26}}$$\cos \theta =\dfrac{-5}{\sqrt{26}}$\begin{align}\sin 2\theta &amp;=2\sin…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \theta =\dfrac{5}{13}$$\theta $$\sin 2\theta $$\sin \theta =\dfrac{5}{13}$$$\cos \theta =\pm \sqrt{1-{{\sin }^{2}}\theta }.$$$\theta$$\cos$\begin{align}\cos\theta &amp;=-\sqrt{1-{{\sin }^{2}}\theta }\\
&amp;=-\sqrt{1-\left(\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \theta =\dfrac{4}{5}$$\theta$$\sin2\theta$$\sin \theta =\dfrac{4}{5}$$\theta$$\cos \theta =-\dfrac{3}{5}$\begin{align}\sin 2\theta &amp;=2\sin \theta \cos \theta \\
&amp;=2\left( \dfrac{4}{5} \right)\left( -\dfrac{3}{5} \rig…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 and 5, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p4?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 and 5, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 4 and 5 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos \theta =-\dfrac{3}{7}$$\theta $$\sin \dfrac{\theta }{2}$$\cos \theta =-\dfrac{3}{7}$$\theta$\begin{align}&amp;\pi &lt; \theta &lt; \dfrac{3\pi}{2} \\
\implies &amp;\frac{\pi}{2} &lt; \frac{\theta}{2} &lt; \dfrac{3\pi}{4}\end…</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p5?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos {{15}^{\circ }}$${{15}^{\circ }}=\dfrac{{{30}^{\circ }}}{2}$$\dfrac{\theta }{2}=\dfrac{{{30}^{\circ }}}{2}$$\cos {{15}^{\circ }}$\begin{align}\cos {{15}^{\circ }}&amp;=\cos \dfrac{{{30}^{\circ }}}{2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1+\cos …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p6?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{\cos }^{4}}\theta -{{\sin }^{4}}\theta =\dfrac{1}{\sec 2\theta }$\begin{align}L.H.S&amp;={{\cos }^{4}}\theta -{{\sin }^{4}}\theta \\ 
&amp;=\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta -{{\sin }^{2}}\theta  \right)\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta +{{\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p7?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 8 and 9 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{\cos }^{4}}\theta $\begin{align}{{\cos}^{4}}\theta &amp;={{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta  \right)}^{2}}\\
&amp;={{\left( \dfrac{1+\cos 2\theta }{2} \right)}^{2}}\\ 
&amp;=\dfrac{1+2\cos 2\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}2\theta }{4}\\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p1?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. There are four parts in Question 1.$2\sin 6x\sin x$$$-2\sin \alpha \sin \beta =\cos (\alpha +\beta )-\cos (\alpha -\beta ).$$$\alpha =6x$$\beta =x$\begin{align}-\,2\sin 6x\sin x&amp;=\cos (6x+x)-\cos (6x-x)\\
&amp;=\cos 7x-\cos x…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p2?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\sin {{37}^{\circ }}+\sin {{43}^{\circ }}.$$$$\sin \alpha +\sin \beta =2\sin \left( \dfrac{\alpha +\beta }{2} \right)\cos \left( \dfrac{\alpha -\beta }{2} \right).$$$\alpha ={{37}^{\circ }}$$\beta ={{43}^{\circ }}$\begin…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p3?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\dfrac{\cos {{75}^{\circ }}+\cos {{15}^{\circ }}}{\sin {{75}^{\circ }}-\sin {{15}^{\circ }}}=\sqrt{3}.$$$$\cos \alpha +\cos \beta =2\cos \left( \dfrac{\alpha +\beta }{2} \right)\cos \left( \dfrac{\alpha -\beta }{2} \righ…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\cos {{20}^{\circ }}\cos {{40}^{\circ }}\cos {{60}^{\circ }}\cos {{80}^{\circ }}=\dfrac{1}{16}.$$$2\cos \alpha \cos \beta =\cos \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)+\cos \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\cos {…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos {{20}^{\circ }}\cos {{40}^{\circ }}\cos {{60}^{\circ }}\cos {{80}^{\circ }}=\dfrac{1}{16}$$2\cos \alpha \cos \beta =\cos \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)+\cos \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\cos {{20…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos {{50}^{\circ }}5{0}&#039;\cos {{9}^{\circ }}1{0}&#039;-\sin {{50}^{\circ }}5{0}&#039;\sin {{9}^{\circ }}1{0}&#039;=$$0$$\dfrac{1}{2}$$1$$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$$\tan {{15}^{\circ }}=2-\sqrt{3}$${{\cot }^{2}}{{75}^{\circ }}$$7+\sq…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{2\sin \theta \sin 2\theta }{\cos \theta +\cos 3\theta }=\tan 2\theta \tan \theta $\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\dfrac{2\sin \theta \sin 2\theta }{\cos \theta +\cos 3\theta }\\
&amp;=\dfrac{2\sin \theta \s…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{\sin }^{2}}\dfrac{\theta }{2}=\dfrac{\sin \theta \tan \dfrac{\theta }{2}}{2}$\begin{align}R.H.S.&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta \tan \dfrac{\theta }{2}}{2}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta \sin \dfrac{\theta }{2}}{2\cos \d…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 &amp; 7, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 &amp; 7, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 6 &amp; 7 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos 4\theta =1-8{{\sin }^{2}}\theta {{\cos }^{2}}\theta $\begin{align}L.H.S&amp;=\cos 4\theta \\
&amp;=\cos 2\left( 2\theta  \right)\\
&amp;=1-2si{{n}^{2}}2\theta \\
&amp;=1-2{{\left( 2sin\theta \cos \theta  \right)}^{…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 &amp; 9, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 &amp; 9, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 8 &amp; 9 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}-\theta  \right)\sin \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\cos 2\theta $$2\sin \alpha \sin \beta =\cos \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)-\cos \left( \alpha +\beta  \r…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 1.1 (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/sol/ch01/ex1-1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 1.1 (Solutions)

&lt;lead&gt;Notes (Solutions) of Exercise 1.1: Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore.&lt;/lead&gt; 
The main topics of this exercise are properties of real numbers, binary operation, addition and multiplication law, properties of equality, properties of inequality (order properties), field, rule of fractions. These notes are based on the new Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs). Version: 4.0, Available at Ma…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 1.2 (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/sol/ch01/ex1-2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 1.2 (Solutions)

&lt;lead&gt;Notes (Solutions) of Exercise 1.2: Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore.&lt;/lead&gt; 
The main topics of this exercise are complex numbers, real part and imaginary part of complex numbers, properties of the fundamental operation on complex numbers, complex number as ordered pair of real numbers and special subset of complex numbers. These notes are based on the new Student Learning Outcomes…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 2.8 (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc-part1-ptb/sol/ch02/ex2-8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 2.8 (Solutions)

&lt;lead&gt;Notes (Solutions) of Exercise 2.8: Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) Lahore.&lt;/lead&gt; 
The main topic of this exercise are binary operation, semi-group, monoid, groups and abelian groups. These notes are based on the new Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs). Version: 4.1, Available at MathCity.org $\oplus$$G=\{0,1\}$\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
  \oplus &amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\ 
\hline
   0 &amp; 1 &amp; 1 \\
\hl…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:55+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_mcqs/short_questions_by_mr._akhtar_abbas/view?rev=1737476035&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View

	*  We are very thankful to Mr. Akhtar Abbas for sharing these short questions. These short questions are selected from previous five years papers of different boards. Solve these at your own to perform well in annual examination. Recommended book for these short questions is “Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore)”. But any student Mathematics can get benefit from it.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 07)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch07/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 07)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 07: Permutation , Combination and Probability, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.



Here is the list of all exercises of Chapter 07</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 10)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch10/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 10)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 10: Trigonometric Identities, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. There are total of four exercise in this chapter.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch11/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 11)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch11/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 11)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 11: Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. There are two exercise in this chapter.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch12/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 12)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch12/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 12)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 12: Application of Trigonometry, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. There are eight exercises in this chapter.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch13/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 13)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch13/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 13)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 13: Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. In this chpater, there are two exercise.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch14/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Ch 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch14/view?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Ch 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation, Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Lahore. There are four exercises in this chapter. Please see the main page of this chapter for MCQs and important question at</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch14/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 14)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/fsc/fsc_part_1_solutions/ch14/viewer?rev=1737476036&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (Solutions of Chapter 14)

Notes (Solutions) of Chapter 14: Solutions of Trigonometric Equation of Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI (Mathematics FSc Part 1 or HSSC-I), Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore. In this chapter there is only one exercise.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
${{i}^{9}}+{{i}^{19}}$\begin{align}{{i}^{9}}+{{i}^{19}}&amp;=i\cdot{{i}^{8}}+i\cdot{{i}^{18}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{4}}+i\cdot{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{9}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot{{\left( -1 \right)}^{4}}+i\cdot{{\left( -1 \right)}^{9}}\\
&amp;=i\cdo…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
${{i}^{107}}+{{i}^{112}}+{{i}^{122}}+{{i}^{153}}=0$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;={{i}^{107}}+{{i}^{112}}+{{i}^{122}}+{{i}^{153}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot i^{106}+i^{112}+i^{122}+i\cdot i^{152}\\
&amp;=i.{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{53}}+{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{56}}+…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4(i)
$\left( a,0 \right)\left( 2,-b \right)$\begin{align}&amp;\left( a,0 \right)-\left( 2,-b \right)\\
&amp;=\left( a+0i \right)-\left( 2-bi \right)\\
&amp;=\left( a-2 \right)+\left( 0+b \right)i\\
&amp;=\left( a-2 \right)+bi\end{align}$\left( -3,\dfrac{1}{2} \right)\le…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
$8i+11,-7+5i$\begin{align}&amp;(8i+11)\times (-7+5i)\\
&amp;=\left( 11+8i \right)\times \left( -7+5i \right)\\
&amp;=\left( -77+40{{i}^{2}} \right)+\left( 55-56 \right)i\\
&amp;=\left( -77+40\left( -1 \right) \right)+\left( 55-56 \right)i\\
&amp;=\left( -77-40 \right)+…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)
$\dfrac{4+i}{3+5i}$$a+ib$\begin{align}\dfrac{4+i}{3+5i}&amp;=\dfrac{4+i}{3+5i}\times \dfrac{3-5i}{3-5i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 12+5 \right)+\left( 3-20 \right)i}{9-25{{i}^{2}}}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{17-17i}{9+25}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{17}{34}-\dfrac{17}{34}i\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfr…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
${{z}_{1}}=1+2i$${{z}_{2}}=2+3i$$|{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}|$$z_1=1+2i$$z_2=2+3i$\begin{align}
{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}&amp;=1+2i+2+3i\\
&amp;=1+2+2i+3i\\
&amp;=3+5i
\end{align}\begin{align}
|z_1+z_2|&amp;=\sqrt{3^2+5^2}\\
&amp;=\sqrt{9+25}\\ 
&amp;=\sqrt{34}\end{align}${{z}_{1}}=1+2…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$\dfrac{1-2i}{2+i}+\dfrac{4-i}{3+2i}$$a+ib.$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{1-2i}{2+i}+\dfrac{4-i}{3+2i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 3+2i \right)\left( 1-2i \right)+\left( 2+i \right)\left( 4-i \right)}{\left( 2+i \right)\left( 3+2i \right)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 3+4+2i-6i …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$\dfrac{\left( 3-2i \right)\left( 2+3i \right)}{\left( 1+2i \right)\left( 2-i \right)}$\begin{align}z&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 3-2i \right)\left( 2+3i \right)}{\left( 1+2i \right)\left( 2-i \right)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{6+6+9i-4i}{2+2+4i-i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{12+5i}{4+3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11(i)
${{z}_{1}}=2-i$${{z}_{2}}=-2+i$${\rm Re}\left( \dfrac{{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}}{\overline{{{z}_{1}}}} \right)$$z_1=2-i$$z_2=-2+i$$\overline{z_1}=2+i$\begin{align}
z_1 z_2&amp;=(2-i)(-2+i)\\ 
&amp;=-4+1+2i+2i\\
&amp;=-3+4i
\end{align}\begin{align}
\dfrac{z_1 z_2}{\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1

If ${{z}_{1}}=2+i$${{z}_{2}}=1-i$${{z}_{1}}=2+i$${{z}_{2}}=1-i$$$z_1+z_2=z_2+z_1.$$\begin{align}z_1+z_2&amp;=(2+i)+(1-i)\\ 
&amp;=3 \ldots (i) \end{align}\begin{align} 
z_2+z_1&amp;=(1-i)+(2+i)\\
&amp;=3 \ldots (ii)\end{align}$$z_1 z_2=z_2 z_1.$$\begin{align}z_1 z_2 …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2

$z_1=-1+i$, $z_2=3-2i$${{z}_{3}}=2-2i$${{z}_{1}}=-1+i$${{z}_{2}}=3-2i$${{z}_{3}}=2-2i$$$(z_1+z_2)+z_3=z_1+(z_2+z_3).$$\begin{align} 
{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}&amp;=\left( -1+i \right)+\left( 3-2i \right)\\
&amp;=2-i\end{align}\begin{align}
\left( {{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
${{z}_{1}}=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}i$${{z}_{2}}=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}i$${{z}_{3}}=2+3i$${{z}_{1}}=\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}i$${{z}_{2}}=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}i$${{z}_{3}}=2+3i$\begin{align}{{z}_{1}}\left( {{z}_{2}}+{{z}_{3}} \right)&amp;={{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}+{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
${{z}_{1}}=2+4i$${{z}_{2}}=1-3i$$\overline{{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}}=\overline{{{z}_{1}}}+\overline{{{z}_{2}}}$${{z}_{1}}=2+4i$${{z}_{2}}=1-3i$$\overline{{{z}_{1}}}=2-4i$$\overline{{{z}_{2}}}=1+3i$\begin{align}z_1+z_2&amp;=2+4i+1-3i\\
&amp;=3+i \end{align}\begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)
${{z}_{1}}$${{z}_{2}}$$|{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}|=|{{z}_{1}}||{{z}_{2}}|$${{z}_{1}}=a+bi$${{z}_{2}}=c+di$$|z_1=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}|$$|z_2=\sqrt{c^2+d^2}|$\begin{align}
L.H.S.&amp;=|{{z}_{1}}{{z}_{2}}|\\
&amp;=|(a+bi)(c+di)|\\ 
&amp;=|ac-bd+(ad+bc)i|\\
&amp;=\sqrt{{{(ac-bd)}^{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
$\dfrac{2+3i}{5-2i}$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{2+3i}{5-2i} \\
=&amp;\dfrac{2+3i}{5-2i}\times \dfrac{5+2i}{5+2i} \quad \text{by rationalizing} \\
=&amp;\dfrac{10-6+15i+4i}{25+4}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{4+19i}{29}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{4}{29}+\dfrac{19}{29}i \end{align}$=\dfrac{4}{29}$$=\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$z+\overline{z}=2\operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)$$z=a+ib$$\overline{z}=a-ib$\begin{align}z+\overline{z}&amp;=\left( a+ib \right)+\left( a-ib \right)\\
&amp;=a+ib+a-ib\\
&amp;=2a\\
z+\overline{z}&amp;=2\operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)\end{align}$z-\overline{z}=2i…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)
$z=3+2i,$$-|z|\leq \operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)\leq |z|$$z=3+2i$$|z|=\sqrt{9+4}=\sqrt{13}$${\rm Re}z=3=\sqrt{9}$\begin{align} &amp;-\sqrt{13} \leq \sqrt{9} \leq \sqrt{13}\\
\implies &amp;-|z|\leq \operatorname{Re}\left( z \right)\leq |z|\end{align}$z=3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
\begin{align}&amp;z-4w=3i\\ 
&amp;2z+3w=11-5i\end{align}\begin{align}z-4w&amp;=3i		…(i)\\
2z+3w&amp;=11-5i	…(ii)\end{align}$2$\begin{align}2z-8w&amp;=6i		…(iii)\end{align}\[\begin{array}{cccc}
2z&amp;-8w&amp;=6i  \\  
\mathop+\limits_{-}2z&amp;\mathop+\limits_{-}3w&amp;=\mathop-\limit…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)
$P(z)$$$P\left( z \right)={{z}^{3}}+6z+20$$$$p\left( z \right)={{z}^{3}}+6z+20$$$(z-a)$$P(z)$$P(a)=0$$z=-2$\begin{align}
P(-2)&amp;=(-2)^3+6(-2)+20\\
&amp;=-8-12+20\\
&amp;=0\end{align}$z+2$${{z}^{3}}+6z+20$$$\begin{array}{c|cccc}
-2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 6 &amp; 20 \\  
 &amp; \d…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
${{z}_{1}}=-1+i$${{z}_{2}}=-1-i$${{z}^{2}}+2z+2=0$$$z^2+2z_1+2=0\quad \ldots (i)$$$z_1=-1+i$\begin{align}L.H.S &amp;= (-1+i)^2+2(-1+i)+2\\
&amp;=1-2i-1-2+2i+2\\
&amp;=0=R.H.S\end{align}$z_1=-1+i$$z_2=-1-i$\begin{align}
L.H.S&amp;=(-1-i)^2+2(-1-i)+2\\
&amp;=1+2i-1-…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
${{z}^{2}}+z+3=0$$${{z}^{2}}+z+3=0.$$$a=1$$b=1$$c=3$\begin{align}z&amp;=\dfrac{-b\pm \sqrt{{{b}^{2}}-4ac}}{2a}\\ 
&amp;=\dfrac{-1\pm \sqrt{{{\left( 1 \right)}^{2}}-4\left( 1 \right)\left( 3 \right)}}{2\left( 1 \right)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{-1\pm \sqrt{1-12}}{2}\\
&amp;=\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)
${{z}^{4}}+{{z}^{2}}+1=0$$$z^4+z^2+1=0$$$$z^4+2z^2+1-z^2=0$$$$( z^2+1 )^2-z^2=0$$$$( z^2+1+z)( z^2+1-z )=0$$$$( z^2+z+1 )( z^2-z+1 )=0$$$$(z^2+z+1 )=0$$$$z=\dfrac{-1\pm \sqrt{1-4}}{2}$$$$z=\dfrac{-1\pm \sqrt{3}i}{2}$$$$(z^2-z+1 )=0$$$$z=\dfrac{1\pm …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1
${{\left( \dfrac{2i}{1+i} \right)}^{2}}$$i$$2i$$1-i$$i+1$$\dfrac{5+2i}{4-3i}$$-\dfrac{7}{25}+\dfrac{26}{25}i$$\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{2}{3}i$$\dfrac{14}{25}+\dfrac{23}{25}i$$\dfrac{26}{7}+\dfrac{23}{7}i$${{i}^{57}}+\frac{1}{{{i}^{25}}}$$0$$2i$$-2…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{i}^{n}}+{{i}^{n+1}}+{{i}^{n+2}}+{{i}^{n+3}}=0$$\forall n\in N$\begin{align}{{i}^{n}}+{{i}^{n+1}}+{{i}^{n+2}}+{{i}^{n+3}}&amp;=0\\
L.H.S.&amp;={{i}^{n}}+{{i}^{n}}\cdot i+{{i}^{n}}\cdot {{i}^{2}}+{{i}^{n}}\cdot {{i}^{3}}\\
&amp;={{i}^{n}}\left( 1+i+{{i}^{2}}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{z}_{1}}=2-i$${{z}_{2}}=1+i,$$\left|\dfrac{{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}+1}{{{z}_{1}}-{{z}_{2}}+1}\right|$$z_1=2-i$$z_2=1+i$\begin{align}
\dfrac{{{z}_{1}}+{{z}_{2}}+1}{{{z}_{1}}-{{z}_{2}}+1}&amp;=\dfrac{\left( 2-i \right)+\left( 1+i \right)+1}{\left( 2-i \rig…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, 7 &amp; 8, Review Exercise 1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit01/review-ex-1-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, 7 &amp; 8, Review Exercise 1

Solutions of Question 6, 7 &amp; 8 of Review Exercise 1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{1}{3+4i}$$$z=\dfrac{1}{3+4i}.$$\begin{align}z&amp;=\dfrac{1}{3+4i}\times \dfrac{3-4i}{3-4i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{3-4i}{9+16}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{3-4i}{25}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{3}{25}-\dfrac{4}{25}i\end{align}$$\bar{z}=\dfrac{3}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}i.$$$\dfrac{3i+2}{3-2…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$$\left[ \begin{matrix}
1 &amp; 2 &amp; 4  \\
\end{matrix} \right]
\left[ \begin{matrix}
1 &amp; 0 &amp; 2  \\
2 &amp; 0 &amp; 1  \\
0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2  \\
\end{matrix} \right]
\left[ \begin{matrix}
2  \\
4  \\
6  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$\begin{align}&amp;\left[ \begin{matri…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$A=\begin{bmatrix}2 &amp; -5 &amp; 1\\ 3 &amp; 0 &amp; -4\end{bmatrix}$$B=\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; -2 &amp; -3 \\ 0 &amp; -1 &amp; 5\end{bmatrix}$$C=\begin{bmatrix}0 &amp; 1 &amp; -2\\0 &amp; -1 &amp; -1\end{bmatrix}$$2A+3B-4C.$$A=\begin{bmatrix}2 &amp; -5 &amp; 1\\ 3 &amp; 0 &amp; -4\end{bmatrix}$$B=\begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3(i)
$A=\begin{bmatrix}x &amp; y &amp; z\end{bmatrix}$$B=\begin{bmatrix}a &amp; h &amp; g\\h &amp; b &amp; f\\g &amp; f &amp; c\end{bmatrix}$$C=\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}$$\left( AB \right)C=A\left( BC \right)$$A=\begin{bmatrix}x &amp; y &amp; z\end{bmatrix}$$B=\begin{bmatri…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$A= \begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; 4 &amp; 4  \\ 4 &amp; 1 &amp; 4  \\ 4 &amp; 4 &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix}$$\dfrac{1}{3}A^2-2A-9I=0$$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &amp; 4 &amp; 4  \\ 4 &amp; 1 &amp; 4  \\ 4 &amp; 4 &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix}$\begin{align}\frac{1}{3}A^2&amp;=\frac{1}{3}\left[ \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 4 &amp; 4 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$A= \begin{bmatrix} 0 &amp; 2b &amp; -2  \\ 3 &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\ 3a &amp; 3 &amp; -1 \end{bmatrix}$$a$$b$$A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 &amp; 2b &amp; -2  \\ 3 &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\ 3a &amp; 3 &amp; -1 \end{bmatrix}$$$A^t=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   0 &amp; 3 &amp; 3a  \\
   2b &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\
   -2 &amp; 3 &amp; -1  \\
\end{ma…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7
$ A=\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; 0 &amp; -1 &amp; 2  \\3 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 &amp; \quad 5  \\0 &amp; -2 &amp; 1 &amp; 6\end{bmatrix}$$ B=\begin{bmatrix} 2 &amp; -1 &amp; 3 &amp; 1  \\1 &amp; 3 &amp; -1 &amp; 4  \\3 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 &amp; -1 \end{bmatrix}$$( A+B )^t=A^t+B^t$$A=\left[  \begin{matrix}1 &amp; 0 &amp; -1 &amp; 2  \\3 &amp; 1 &amp;…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$A=\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0  \\3 &amp; -1 &amp; 4 \end{bmatrix}$$( A^t )^t=A$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0  \\
   3 &amp; -1 &amp; 4  \\
\end{matrix}  \right]$$$$A^t=\left[  \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 3  \\
   2 &amp; -1  \\
   0 &amp; 4  \\
\end{matrix} \rig…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)
$A=\begin{bmatrix}2 &amp; -1 &amp; 3  \\1 &amp; \quad 0 &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix},$$B=\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; 2  \\2 &amp; 2  \\ 3 &amp; 0 \end{bmatrix}$$( AB )^t=B^tA^t$$$A=\left[  \begin{matrix}
   2 &amp; -1 &amp; 3  \\
   1 &amp; \quad 0 &amp; 1  \\
\end{matrix}  \right],$$$$B=\left[…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 10
$A=\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; -3 &amp; 4  \\-3 &amp; 2 &amp; -5  \\4 &amp; -5 &amp; 0 \end{bmatrix}$$B=\begin{bmatrix}5 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 \\6 &amp; -8 &amp; 3  \\7 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix}$$A$$B$$A+B$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; -3 &amp; 4  \\
   -3 &amp; 2 &amp; -5  \\
   4 &amp; -5 &amp; 0  \\
\end{ma…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p10?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p10?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11
$A=\begin{bmatrix}0 &amp; 1 &amp; -2  \\-1 &amp; 0 &amp; 3  \\2 &amp; -3 &amp; 0 \end{bmatrix}$$B=\begin{bmatrix}0 &amp; -6 &amp; 11  \\6 &amp; 0 &amp; -7  \\-11 &amp; 7 &amp; 0 \end{bmatrix}$$A+B$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   0 &amp; 1 &amp; -2  \\
   -1 &amp; 0 &amp; 3  \\
   2 &amp; -3 &amp; 0  \\
\end{matri…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p11?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p11?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 12(i)
$A=\begin{bmatrix}3 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \\4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6  \\-2 &amp; 3 &amp; 4\end{bmatrix}$$A+A^t$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   3 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \\
   4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6  \\
   -2 &amp; 3 &amp; 4  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$A^t=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   3 &amp; 4 &amp; -2  \\
   2 &amp; 5 &amp; 3  \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p12?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p12?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 13(i)
$A$$3$$A+A^t$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   a_{11} &amp; a_{12} &amp; a_{13}  \\
   a_{21} &amp; a_{22} &amp; a_{23}  \\
   a_{31} &amp; a_{32} &amp; a_{33}  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$A^t=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   a_{11} &amp; a_{21} &amp; a_{31}  \\
   a_{12} &amp; a_{22} …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1
$A=\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; 3 &amp; 1  \\-1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0  \\2 &amp; 0 &amp; -2 \end{bmatrix}$$A_{11},A_{21},A_{23},A_{31},A_{32},A_{33}.$$|A|.$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 3 &amp; 1  \\
   -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0  \\
   2 &amp; 0 &amp; -2  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$${{A}_{11}}={{\left(…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)
$$\left| \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0  \\
   3 &amp; 1 &amp; 0  \\
   -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0  \\
\end{matrix} \right|=0$$$\left| \begin{matrix}1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3  \\-8 &amp; 4 &amp; -12  \\2 &amp; -1 &amp; 3 \end{matrix} \right|=0$$$\left| \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3  \\
   -8 &amp; 4 &amp; -…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
$A$$3,$$|A^t|=|A|$$$A=\begin{bmatrix}
   a_{11} &amp; a_{12} &amp; a_{13}  \\
   a_{21} &amp; a_{22} &amp; a_{23}  \\
   a_{31} &amp; a_{32} &amp; a_{33}  \\
\end{bmatrix}$$\begin{align}|A|&amp;=a_{11} \left( a_{22} a_{33}-a_{23} a_{32} \right)-a_{12}\left( a_{21}a_{33}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4(i)
$\left| \begin{matrix}0 &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\-1 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \\2 &amp; 1 &amp; 1 \end{matrix} \right|.$\begin{align}&amp;\left| \begin{matrix}
   0 &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\
   -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \\
   2 &amp; 1 &amp; 1  \\
\end{matrix} \right| \\
=&amp;0\left( 2-1 \right)-1\left( -1-2 \right)+3\l…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
$\begin{vmatrix}a &amp; b &amp; c\\l &amp; m &amp; n\\x &amp; y &amp; z \end{vmatrix}=\begin{vmatrix}a &amp; l &amp; x\\b &amp; m &amp; y\\c &amp; n &amp; z \end{vmatrix}$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\begin{vmatrix}
a &amp; b &amp; c  \\
l &amp; m &amp; n  \\
x &amp; y &amp; z
\end{vmatrix}\\
&amp;=\begin{vmatrix}
a &amp; b &amp;…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Questiopn 6(i)
$\left| \begin{matrix}a-b &amp; b-c &amp; c-a  \\b-c &amp; c-a &amp; a-b  \\c-a &amp; a-b &amp; b-c  \end{matrix} \right|=0$\begin{align} L.H.S&amp;=\left| \begin{matrix}
a-b &amp; b-c &amp; c-a  \\
b-c &amp; c-a &amp; a-b  \\
c-a &amp; a-b &amp; b-c  \\
\end{matrix} \right| \\ 
&amp;=\left| \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
$\left| \begin{matrix}3860 &amp; 3861  \\3862 &amp; 3863 \end{matrix} \right|$$$\left| \begin{matrix}
   3860 &amp; 3861  \\
   3862 &amp; 3863  \\
\end{matrix} \right|=14911180-14911182$$$$=-2$$$\left| \begin{matrix}81 &amp; 82 &amp; 83  \\84 &amp; 85 &amp; 86  \\87 &amp; 8…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8,9 &amp; 10, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8,9 &amp; 10, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Questions 8,9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\left| \begin{matrix}1+x &amp; y &amp; z  \\x &amp; 1+y &amp; z  \\x &amp; y &amp; 1+z \end{matrix} \right|=1+x+y+z$$$L.H.S.=\left| \begin{matrix}
   1+x &amp; y &amp; z  \\
   x &amp; 1+y &amp; z  \\
   x &amp; y &amp; 1+z  \\
\end{matrix} \right|$$$$=\left| \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 0 &amp; -…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11(i)
$\left[ \begin{matrix}7 &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\6 &amp; 2 &amp; -2  \\5 &amp; 1 &amp; 1\end{matrix} \right]$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   7 &amp; 1 &amp; 3  \\
   6 &amp; 2 &amp; -2  \\
   5 &amp; 1 &amp; 1  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$|A|=7(2+2)-1(6+10)+3(6-10)$$$$=28-16-12$$$$|A|=0$$$A$$\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p10?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p10?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 12
$\lambda $$A$$A=\begin{bmatrix}-\lambda  &amp; 1 &amp; 0  \\1 &amp; -\lambda  &amp; 1  \\0 &amp; 1 &amp; -\lambda \end{bmatrix}$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   -\lambda  &amp; 1 &amp; 0  \\
   1 &amp; -\lambda  &amp; 1  \\
   0 &amp; 1 &amp; -\lambda   \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$|A|=-\lamb…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p11?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p11?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 13(i)
$x,$$\left| \begin{matrix}x &amp; 2 &amp; 3  \\0 &amp; -1 &amp; 1  \\0 &amp; 4 &amp; 5 \end{matrix} \right|=9$$$\left| \begin{matrix}
   x &amp; 2 &amp; 3  \\
   0 &amp; -1 &amp; 1  \\
   0 &amp; 4 &amp; 5  \\
\end{matrix} \right|=9$$$$x(-5-4)-2(0)+3(0)=9$$$$-9x=9$$$$x=-1$$$x,$$\left…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p12?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 &amp; 15, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p12?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 &amp; 15, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Questions 14 &amp; 15 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$A=\begin{bmatrix}0 &amp; 2 &amp; 2  \\-1 &amp; 3 &amp; 2  \\1 &amp; 0 &amp; 5\end{bmatrix}$$A^{-1}$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   0 &amp; 2 &amp; 2  \\
   -1 &amp; 3 &amp; 2  \\
   1 &amp; 0 &amp; 5  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$A^{-1}$$$A^{-1}=\dfrac{Adj\,\,A}{|A|}$$$$Adj\,\,A={{\left[ \begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p13?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 16 &amp; 17, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p13?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 16 &amp; 17, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Questions 16 &amp; 17 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$A=\begin{bmatrix}3 &amp; -1  \\4 &amp; 2\end{bmatrix}$$|A^{-1}|=\dfrac{1}{|A|}$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   3 &amp; -1  \\
   4 &amp; 2  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$|A|=6+4$$$$\Rightarrow |A|=10\ldots (1)$$$$A^{-1}=\dfrac{1}{|A|}AdjA$$$$AdjA=\left[ \begin{ma…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p14?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 18, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p14?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 18, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 18 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 18(i)
$A$$B$$( A^{-1})^{-1}=A$$A$$2\times 2$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   a_{11} &amp; a_{12}  \\
   a_{21} &amp; a_{22}  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$|A|=a_{11}a_{22}-a_{12}a_{21}$$$$AdjA=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   a_{22} &amp; -a_{12}  \\
   -a_{21} &amp; a_{11…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p15?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 19, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p15?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 19, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 19 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 19
$A=\begin{bmatrix}2 &amp; 3  \\-1 &amp; 1\end{bmatrix}$$( A^{-1})^t=( A^t)^{-1}$$$A=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   2 &amp; 3  \\
   -1 &amp; 1  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$A^t=\left[ \begin{matrix}
   2 &amp; -1  \\
   3 &amp; 1  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$$$|A^t|=5$$$$Ad…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp; 3 &amp; -1  \\2 &amp; 1 &amp; 4  \\3 &amp; 4 &amp; -5\end{bmatrix}$\begin{align}&amp;\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 3 &amp; -1  \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 4  \\
3 &amp; 4 &amp; -5 \end{bmatrix}\\
\underset{\sim}{R}&amp;\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 3 &amp; -1  \\
0 &amp; -5 &amp; 6  \\
0 &amp; -5 &amp; -2 \end{bmat…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)
$$\begin{bmatrix}4 &amp; -2 &amp; 5 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0  \\ -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3  \end{bmatrix}$$$$A=\begin{bmatrix}
4 &amp; -2 &amp; 5  \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0  \\
-1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 \end{bmatrix}.$$\begin{align}|A|&amp;=\begin{vmatrix}4 &amp; -2 &amp; 5  \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0  \\ -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 \end{vmatrix}\\
&amp;=…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3(i)
$$\left[ \begin{matrix}
   1 &amp; 0 &amp; -2  \\
   2 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \\
   -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3  \\
\end{matrix} \right]$$\begin{align}&amp;\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 &amp; -2  \\
2 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \\
-1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 \end{bmatrix}\\
\underset{\sim}{R}&amp; \begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 &amp; -2  \\
0 &amp;…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$\begin{bmatrix}2 &amp; 3 &amp; 4 &amp; 5  \\3 &amp; 4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6  \\4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6 &amp; 7  \\9 &amp; 10 &amp; 11 &amp; 12\end{bmatrix}$\begin{align}&amp;\begin{bmatrix}
2 &amp; 3 &amp; 4 &amp; 5  \\
3 &amp; 4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6  \\
4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6 &amp; 7  \\
9 &amp; 10 &amp; 11 &amp; 12 \end{bmatrix}\\
\underset{\sim}{R}&amp;\begin{bm…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question.1(i)
$\vec{a}=3\hat{i}-5\hat{j}$$\vec{b}=-2\hat{i}+3\hat{j}$$\vec{a}+2\vec{b}$\begin{align}\vec{a}+2\vec{b}&amp;=3\hat{i}-5\hat{j}+2(-2\hat{i}+3\hat{j})\\
&amp;=3\hat{i}-5\hat{j}-4\hat{i}+6\hat{j}\\
&amp;=-\hat{i}+\hat{j}\end{align}$\vec{a}=3\hat{i}-5\hat{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)

Find unit vector having the same direction as the vector $3\hat{i}.$$$\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}{a}=3\hat{i}$$$$|\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}{a}|=\sqrt{{{(3)}^{2}}}=3$$$$\hat{a}=\dfrac{{\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpo…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3

If $\vec{r}=\hat{i}-9\hat{j}$$\vec{a}=\hat{i}+2\hat{j}$$\vec{b}=5\hat{i}-\hat{j}$$p$$q$$\vec{r}=p\vec{a}+q\vec{b}$$$\vec{r}=p\vec{a}+q\vec{b}.$$$\vec{r},\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$$$\hat{i}-9\hat{j}=p(\hat{i}+2\hat{j})+q(5\hat{i}-\hat{j})$$$$\implies \hat{i}-9\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5

Find the length of the vector $\overrightarrow{AB}$$\vec{A}(-3,5)$$\vec{B}(7,9)$$\overrightarrow{AB}$$\vec{A}$$\vec{B}$$$\overrightarrow{OA}=-3\hat{i}+5\hat{j},$$$$\overrightarrow{OB}=7\hat{i}+9\hat{j}.$$\begin{align}\overrightarrow{AB}&amp;=\overrightarr…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)

Find the components and the magnitude of $\overrightarrow{PQ}$$P(-1,2)$$Q(2,-1)$\begin{align}\overrightarrow{PQ}&amp;=\overrightarrow{OQ}-\overrightarrow{OP}\\ 
&amp;=(2\hat{i}-\hat{j})-(-\hat{i}+2\hat{j})\\ 
&amp;=3\hat{i}-3\hat{j}\end{align}\begin{align}|\overrighta…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)

Find the components and the magnitude of $\overrightarrow{PQ}$$P(-1,2)$$Q(2,-1)$\begin{align}\overrightarrow{PQ}&amp;=\overrightarrow{OQ}-\overrightarrow{OP}\\ 
&amp;=(2\hat{i}-\hat{j})-(-\hat{i}+2\hat{j})\\ 
&amp;=3\hat{i}-3\hat{j}\end{align}\begin{align}|\overrighta…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$\overrightarrow{a}=\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k}, $$$ and $$, find a vector of magnitude of $$ unit which is parallel to the vector $\begin{align}2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}&amp;=2(\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k})-(4\hat{i}-2\hat{j}+3\h…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11(i)

Find the position vectors of the point of division of the line segments joining point $C$$5\hat{j}$$D$$4\hat{i}+\hat{j}$$2:5$$C$$\overrightarrow{OC}=5\hat{j}$$D$$\overrightarrow{OD}=4\hat{i}+\hat{j}$$H$$\overline{CD}$$2:5$$H$\begin{align}\overrightarrow…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12, 13 &amp; 14, Exercise 3.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-2-p9?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12, 13 &amp; 14, Exercise 3.2

Solutions of Question 12, 13 &amp; 14 of Exercise 3.2 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 12
$\alpha ,$$|\alpha \hat{i}+(\alpha +1)\hat{j}+2\hat{k}|=3$\begin{align}|\alpha \hat{i}+(\alpha +1)\hat{j}+2\hat{k}|&amp;=3.\end{align}\begin{align}\sqrt{(\alpha )^2+(\alpha +1)^2+(2)^2}&amp;=3.\end{align}\begin{align}&amp;{\alpha ^2+(\alpha +1)^2}+4=9…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)

If $\vec{a}=3 \hat{i}+4 \hat{j}-\hat{k}$, $\vec{b}=\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$ and $\vec{c}=2\hat{i}+\hat{j}-5 \hat{k}$$\vec{a}\cdot \vec{b}$\begin{align}\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}&amp;=(3 \hat{i}+4 \hat{j}-\hat{k}) \cdot(\hat{i}-\hat{j}+3 \hat{k})\\
\Rightarrow &amp;=(…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3 Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3 Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$$\vec{a}=2 \hat{i} + 2 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k}, \quad \vec{b}=2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-7 \hat{k}$$\begin{align}\vec{a}+\vec{b}&amp;=(2 \hat{i}+2 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k})+(2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-7 \hat{k}) \\
\Rightarrow &amp;=4 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}-12 \hat{k}\\
\Rightarrow|\vec{a}+\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 and 5 Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 and 5 Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 4 and 5 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$\hat{i}+7 \hat{j} + 3 \hat{k}$$\hat{i}-\hat{j}+2 \hat{k}$$2 \hat{i}-$$\hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$$\vec{a}=\hat{i}+7 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$$\vec{b}=\hat{i}-\hat{j}+2 \hat{k}$$\vec{c} = 2 \hat{i}-\hat{j}-3 \hat{k}$\begin{align}\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}&amp;=(\hat{i}+7 \h…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)

Let $\vec{a}=\hat{i}+3 \hat{j}-4 \hat{k}$ and $\vec{b}=2 \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k}$$m$$\vec{a}+m \vec{b}$$\vec{a}$\begin{align}
\vec{a}+m \vec{b}&amp; =\hat{i}+3 \hat{j}-4 \hat{k}+m(2 \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k}) \\
&amp; =(1+2 m) \hat{i}+(3-3 m) \hat{j}+(5 m-4) …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
$\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$$\vec{a}=-\dfrac{3}{2} \hat{j}+\dfrac{4}{5} \hat{k} \cdot \vec{b}=\hat{i}-2 \hat{j}-2 \hat{k}$$\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$$\vec{b}$$\vec{a}$$\vec{a}=-\dfrac{3}{2} \hat{j}+\dfrac{4}{5} \hat{k}\quad$$\vec{b}=\hat{i}-2 \hat{j}-2 \hat{k}$\begin{a…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$\vec{k}-2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+\hat{k}$$\vec{S}=2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k}$\begin{align}W &amp;=\vec{F} \cdot s \\
\Rightarrow W &amp;=(2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+\hat{k}) \cdot(2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k}) \\
\Rightarrow W &amp;=2(2) \div 3(1)+1(-1) \\
\Rightarrow W &amp;=4+3 …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11 (i)

Show that the vectors $3 \hat{i}-2 \hat{j}+$$\hat{k} . \quad \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k}$$2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-4 \hat{k}$$\vec{a}=3 \hat{i}-2 \hat{j}+\hat{k}$$\vec{b}=\hat{i}-3 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k}$$\vec{c}=2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-4 \hat{k}$\begin{align}|\vec{a}|&amp;…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 &amp; 13, Exercise 3.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-3-p8?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 &amp; 13, Exercise 3.3

Solutions of Question 12 &amp; 13 of Exercise 3.3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 12
$\overrightarrow{B A} \cdot \overrightarrow{A C}=0$$|\vec{a}|=\vec{b}|=| \vec{c} \mid=$$\vec{b}=-\vec{c}$$\triangle A B O$\begin{align}\overrightarrow{O B}+\overrightarrow{A B}&amp;=\overrightarrow{O A}\\
\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{B A}&amp;=\overrightar…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p1?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)

Find the cross product $\hat{j} \times(2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k})$\begin{align}\vec{a}=\hat{j}&amp;=0 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+0 \hat{k}\\
\vec{b}&amp;=0 \hat{i}+2 \hat{j}-3 \hat{k}\\
 \vec{a} \times \vec{b}&amp;=\hat{j} \times(2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k})\\
&amp;=\left|\begin{array}{lll}\hat{i}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p2?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)

Show in two different ways that the vectors $\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$$\vec{a}=-\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}-3 \hat{k}, \quad \vec{b}=2 \hat{i}-4 \hat{j}+$$6 \hat{k}$\begin{align}\vec{a} \times \vec{b}&amp;=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
\hat{i} &amp; \hat{j} &amp; \hat{k} \\
-1 &amp; 2 &amp; -3 \\
2 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p3?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3(i)

Find a unit vector that is orthogonal to
the given vector $\vec{a}=\hat{i}- 2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}, \quad \vec{b}=2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-\hat{k}$$\hat{n}$$\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$\begin{align}\hat{n}&amp;=\dfrac{\vec{a} \times \vec{b}}{\mid \vec{a} \times \vec{b}} \\
\text { …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p4?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4(i)

If $\vec{a}=3 \hat{i}-6 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k},\quad\vec{b}=2\hat{i}-\hat{j}+4 \hat{k} \quad$ and $\quad \vec{c}=\hat{i}+\hat{j} \quad \hat{k},\quad$$\vec{a} \times \vec{b}$\begin{align}\vec{a} \times \vec{b}&amp;=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
\hat{i} &amp; \hat{j} &amp; \hat{k}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p5?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)

Use the vector product to compute the area of the triangle with the given vertices $P(-2,-3), \quad Q(3,2)\quad$$\quad R(-1,-8)$$P Q$$\bar{P} R$\begin{align}\text{Area of triangle}&amp;=\dfrac{1}{2}|\overrightarrow{P Q} \times \overrightarrow{P R}| \\
\text { S…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p6?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6(i)

A force $\vec{F}=3 \hat{i}-2 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k}$$(1,-2,2)$$\vec{r}$$P(1,-2.2)$$O(0,0,0)$\begin{align}\vec{r}&amp;=\overrightarrow{O P}\\
&amp;=(1,-2,2)-(0,0,0) \\
\Rightarrow \vec{r}&amp;=(1,-2,2).\\
\text { Hence } \vec{M}-\vec{r} \times \vec{F}&amp;=\left|\begin{array}{cc…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:57+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p7?rev=1737476037&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7

If $\vec{A}+\vec{B}+\vec{C}=\vec{O}$$$\vec{A} \times \vec{B}=\vec{B} \times \vec{C}=\vec{C} \times \vec{A}.$$$$\vec{A}+\vec{B}+\vec{C}=\vec{O} \text {. }$$$\vec{A}$$$\vec{A} \times(\vec{A}+\vec{B}+\vec{C})=0$$\begin{align}\Rightarrow \vec{A} \times \ve…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 3.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-4-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 3.4

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 3.4 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)

Find the area of parallelogram whose diagonals are $\vec{a}=4 \hat{i}+\hat{j}-2 \hat{k}\quad$$\quad\vec{b}=-2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+4 \hat{k}$$\vec{c}$$\vec{d}$$E$$E$\begin{align}\overrightarrow{A E}&amp;=\overrightarrow{E C}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{2} \vec{a}\\
&amp;=2 \hat{i}+…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 &amp; 2 Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 &amp; 2 Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 1 &amp; 2 of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1

Find $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \times \vec{c}$$\vec{a}=2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$$\vec{b}=-\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+\hat{k} \quad \text { and }\quad \vec{c}=3 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+2 \hat{k} \text {. }$\begin{align}V&amp;=\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \times \vec{c}\\
&amp;=\left|\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4 Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4 Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3

For the vectors $\vec{a}=3 \hat{i}+2 \hat{k}$$\vec{b}=\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+\hat{k}\quad$$\quad\vec{c}=-\hat{j}+4 \hat{k}$$\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \times \vec{c}=\vec{b} \cdot \vec{c} \times \vec{a}=\vec{c} \cdot \vec{a} \times \vec{b}$$\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5(i) &amp; 5(ii) Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5(i) &amp; 5(ii) Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 5(i) &amp; 5(ii) of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
$\vec{a}=a_1 \hat{i}+a_2 \hat{j}+a_3 \hat{k}\quad$$\quad\vec{b}=b_1 \hat{i}+b_2 \hat{j}+b_3 \hat{k}\quad$$\vec{a} \times \vec{b}\quad$$\vec{a} \times \vec{b}$$\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$$\vec{a} \times \vec{b}$$\vec{a}$$\vec{b}$$\vec{a} \times \v…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5(iii) &amp; 5(iv) Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5(iii) &amp; 5(iv) Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 5(iii) &amp; 5(iv) of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\vec{a}=a_1 \hat{i}+a_2 \hat{j}+a_3 \hat{k}\quad$$\quad\vec{b}=b_1 \hat{i}+b_2 \hat{j}+b_3 \hat{k}\quad$$(\vec{a}. \vec{b})^2,\quad|a|^2,\quad|b|^2$\begin{align}\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}&amp;=(a_1 \hat{i}+a_2 \hat{j} + a_3 \hat{k}) \cdot(b_1 \hat{i}+b_2 \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6

Do the points $(4. 2.1)$$(5,1,6)$$(2.2,-5)$$(3.5 .0)$$A(4,-2,1), B(5,1,6)$$C(2,2,-5)$$D(3,5.0)$$A, \overrightarrow{O A}=4 \hat{i}-2 \hat{j}+\hat{k}$$B, \overrightarrow{O B}=5 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+6 \hat{k}$$C, \overrightarrow{O C}=2 \hat{i}+2 \hat{i}-5 \hat{k}$$D, …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)

For what value of $c$$\vec{u}=\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$$\vec{v}=2 \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}+4 \hat{k} \cdot \vec{w}=3 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+c \hat{k}$\begin{align}\vec{u} \cdot \vec{v} \times \vec{w}&amp;=0\\
\vec{u} \cdot \vec{v} \times \vec{w}&amp;=0\\
\Rightarrow\left|\beg…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)

Find the volume of tetrahedron with the Vectors as coterminous edges
\begin{align}\vec{a}&amp;=\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k},\\ 
\vec{b}&amp;=4 \hat{i}+5 \hat{j}+6 \hat{k}, \\
\vec{c}&amp;=7 \hat{j}+8 \hat{k}\end{align}\begin{align}V&amp;=\dfrac{1}{6}[\vec{u} \cdot \vec{v} \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 3.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/ex3-5-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 3.5

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 3.5 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9 (i)

Write the value of $(\hat{i} \times \hat{j}). \hat{k}+\hat{i}. \hat{j}$\begin{align}
(\hat{i} \times \hat{j}) \cdot \hat{k}&amp;=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 0 &amp; 1
\end{array}\right|&amp;=1 ....(1)\\
\text { and } \hat{i} \cdot \hat{j}&amp;=0…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Review Exercise 3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Review Exercise 3

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1

$\hat{i} \cdot(\hat{j} \times \hat{k})+\hat{j} \cdot(\hat{i} \times \hat{k})+\hat{k} \cdot(\hat{i} \times \hat{j})$$0$$1$$1$$3$$3 \hat{i}+5 \hat{j}+2 \hat{k}$$2 \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}-5 \hat{k}$$5 \hat{i}+2 \hat{j}-3 \hat{k}$$\hat{i}-2 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+3 \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3 Review Exercise 3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3 Review Exercise 3

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Review Exercise 3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$\lambda$$\mu$$$(\hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+9 \hat{k}) \times(3 \hat{i}-\lambda \hat{j}+\mu \hat{k})=\overrightarrow{0} \text {. }$$\begin{align}(\hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+9 \hat{k}) \times(3 \hat{i}-\lambda \hat{j}+\mu \hat{k})&amp;=\vec{O} \\
\Rightarrow\left|\b…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5 Review Exercise 3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5 Review Exercise 3

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Review Exercise 3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$\vec{r}=x \hat{i}+y \hat{j}+z \hat{k}$$(\vec{r} \times \hat{i}) \cdot(\bar{r} \times \hat{j})+x y$$$(\vec{r} \times \hat{i}) \cdot(\vec{r} \times \hat{j})+x y $$\begin{align}\text { Now } \vec{r} \times \hat{i}&amp;=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
\hat{…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 &amp; 7 Review Exercise 3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 &amp; 7 Review Exercise 3

Solutions of Question 6 &amp; 7 of Review Exercise 3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6
$\lambda$$\vec{a}=\hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+\hat{k}$$\bar{b}=2 \hat{i}-\hat{j}-\hat{k}$$\vec{c}=\lambda \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}$\begin{align}\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} \times \vec{c}&amp;=0 \\
\Rightarrow\left|\begin{array}{ccc}
1 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\
2 &amp; -1 &amp; -1 \\
0 &amp; \lamb…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 &amp; 9 Review Exercise 3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 &amp; 9 Review Exercise 3

Solutions of Question 8 &amp; 9 of Review Exercise 3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8
$(0,0,2),(-1,3,2),(1,0,4)$$A(0,0,2)$$B(-1,3,2)$$C(1,0,4)$$\vec{a}=\overrightarrow{A B}=(-1,3,2)-(0,0,2)$$\Rightarrow \vec{a}=(-1,3,0)$$\vec{b}=\overrightarrow{B C}=(1,0,4)-(-1,3,2)$$\Rightarrow \vec{b}=(2,-3,2)$$$ \text{Area of triangle} =\dfr…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Review Exercise 3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit03/review-ex3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Review Exercise 3

Solutions of Question 10 of Review Exercise 3 of Unit 03: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 10(i)
$A B C$$|\vec{a}|^2=|\vec{b}|^2+|\vec{c}|^2 -2|\vec{b}|| \vec{c}| \cos A$$A B C$$\vec{a}, \vec{b}$$\vec{c}$\begin{align}
\vec{b}&amp;=\vec{a}+\vec{c} \\
\Rightarrow \vec{a}&amp;=\vec{b}-\vec{c} \\
\Rightarrow \vec{a} \cdot \vec{a}&amp;=(\vec{b}-\vec{c}) \cd…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2,4,6,8, \ldots ,50$$50 $$1,0,1,0,1, \ldots$$0$$1$$...,-4,0,4,8, \ldots, 60$$1,-\dfrac{1}{3}, \dfrac{1}{9},-\dfrac{1}{27}, \ldots,-\dfrac{1}{2187}$$a_n=\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}$$$a_n=\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}$$$n=1,$$$a_1=\dfrac{1(1+1)}{2}=1$$$n=2$$$a_2=\dfrac{2(2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{1}{2}, \dfrac{2}{3} \dfrac{3}{4}, \dfrac{4}{5}, \ldots$$$\dfrac{1}{1+1}, \dfrac{2}{2+1}, \dfrac{3}{3+1}, \dfrac{4}{4+1},...$$$\dfrac{n}{n+1}$$2,-4,6,-8,10, \ldots$\begin{align}
&amp;(-1)^2 \cdot 2 \cdot 1, (-1)^3 \cdot 2 \cdot 2, (-1)^4 \cdot 2 \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5(i)
$\sum_{j=1}^6(2 j-3)$\begin{align}\sum_{j=1}^6(2 j-3)&amp;=(2.1-3)+(2.2-3)+(2.3-3)+(2.4-3)\\&amp;+(2.5-3)+(2.6-3) \\
\implies \sum_{j=1}^6(2 j-3)&amp;=-1+1+3+5+7+9 .\end{align}$\sum_{k=1}^5(-1)^k 2^{k-1}$\begin{align}\sum_{k=1}^5(-1)^k 2^{k-1}&amp; =(-1)^1 2^{1-…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Note

The general recursive definition formula defined for Pascal sequences is
$$P_0=1, P_{r+1}=\dfrac{n-r}{r+1} P_r, \text{ where } r=0,1,2,3,\ldots.$$$n=5$$n=5$$$P_0=1, P_{r+1}=\dfrac{5-r}{r+1} P_r, \text{ where } r=0,1,2,3,\ldots.$$$r=0$\begin{align}&amp;P_{0+1…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$15$$2,5,8, \ldots$$a_1=2$$d=5-2=3$$n=15$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1) d$$\begin{align}a_{15}&amp;=2+(15-1) 3 \\
&amp;=2+42=44 \end{align}$44$$a_1=8$$a_{21}=108$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1) d.$$\begin{align}
&amp;a_{21}=8+(21-1) d \\
\implies &amp;108=8+20 d\\
\implies &amp;20 d=108-8=100 \\
\imp…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$6,9,12, \ldots, 78$$a_1=6$$d=9-6=3$$a_n=78$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1) d$$\begin{align}&amp;78=6+(n-1) 3 \\
\implies &amp;3(n-1)=78-6 \\
\implies &amp;n-1=\dfrac{72}{3} \\
\implies &amp;n=24+1=25.\end{align}$25$$n$$a_n=2n+7$$$a_n=2 n+7. --- (1)$$\begin{align}a_{n+1}=2(n+1)+7=2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\log a, \log (a b), \log \left(a b^2\right), \log \left(a b^3\right), \ldots$$$n$$\log$$a$$b$$b$$$a_n=\log (a b^{n-1}).$$\begin{align}a_n&amp;=\log(a b^{n-1}). \end{align}\begin{align}
d&amp;=a_{n+1}-a_n \\
&amp;=\log (a b^n)-\log (a b^{n-1}) \\
&amp;=\log \left(\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7
$a_6+a_4=6$$a_6-a_4=\dfrac{2}{3}$$a_1$$d$\begin{align} &amp;a_6+a_4=6 \\
\implies &amp; a_1+5d+a_1+3d=6\\
\implies &amp; 2a_1+8d=6\\
\implies &amp; a_1+4d=3 --- (1)
\end{align}\begin{align} &amp;a_6-a_4=\dfrac{2}{3} \\
\implies &amp; a_1+5d-a_1-3d=\dfrac{2}{3}\\
\implies &amp;…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8
$\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}, \dfrac{c+a-b}{b}, \dfrac{a+b-c}{c}$$\dfrac{1}{a}, \dfrac{1}{b}, \dfrac{1}{c}$$\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}, \dfrac{c+a-b}{b}, \dfrac{a+b-c}{c}$\begin{align}\therefore \dfrac{c+a-b}{b}-\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}&amp;=\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}-\dfrac{c+a-b}{b} \\
\te…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$24m$$21m$$18m$$$a_1=24,$$$$a_2=21,$$$$a_3=18.$$$$d=21-24=18-21=-3,$$\begin{align} a_8&amp;=a_1+7d\\
&amp;=24+7(-3)=3.
\end{align}$3m$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 10
$500$$a_1$$$a_1=20135.$$$d=-500$$a_{11}$\begin{align}
a_{11}&amp;=a_1+10d \\
&amp;=20135+10(-500)\\
&amp;=15135. \end{align}$1070$$15135$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11
$a_1$$$a_1=1000.$$$= d=100$$a_n=5400$$n$\begin{align}
&amp;a_n=a_1+(n-1)d \\
 \implies &amp;5400=1000+(n-1)100\\
 \implies &amp;5400=900+100n \\
 \implies &amp;100n=5400-900\\
 \implies &amp;100n=4500\\
 \implies &amp;n=45.\end{align}</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 &amp; 13 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 &amp; 13 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 12 &amp; 13 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$a_1$$$a_1=3500.$$$=d=750$$a_{21}$\begin{align}
a_{21}&amp;=a_1+20d\\
&amp;=3500+20(750) \\
&amp;=18500. \end{align}$12$$18$$a=12, b=18$$A$\begin{align}A&amp;=\dfrac{a+b}{2}\\&amp;=\dfrac{12+18}{2}\\&amp;=\dfrac{30}{2}=15.\end{align}$\dfrac{1}{3}$$\dfrac{1}{4}$$a=\dfrac{1}{…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 14 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 14(i)
$A_1, A_2, A_3$$6, A_1, A_2, A_3, 41$$$a_1=6 \text{ and } a_6=41.$$\begin{align}&amp; a_5=11\\
\Rightarrow &amp;a_1+4 d=41 \\
\Rightarrow &amp;6+4 d=41 \\
\Rightarrow &amp;d=\dfrac{41-6}{4}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{35}{4}.\end{align}\begin{align} A_1&amp;=a+d=6+\dfrac{35}{4} \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 15 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p11?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 15 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 15 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 15
$n, \dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}}{a^n+b^n}$$a$$b$$a$$b$$A$$a$$b$$$
A=\dfrac{a+b}{2}. --- (1)
$$$$
A=\dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}}{a^n+b^n}. --- (2)
$$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{a+b}{2}=\dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}}{a^n+b^n}, --- (3) \\
	\implies &amp;(a^n+b^n)(a+b)=2(a^{n+1…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 16 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p12?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 16 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 16 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 16
$5$$8$$5$$8$$A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4, A_5$$5$$8$$5, A_1, A_2, A_3, A_4, A_5, 8$$$a_1=5 \text{ and } a_7=8.$$\begin{align}&amp;a_7=a+6d\\
\implies &amp;8=5+6d\\
\implies &amp;6d=8-5\\
\implies &amp;d=\dfrac{3}{6}=\dfrac{1}{2}.
\end{align}\begin{align}
A_1&amp;=a+d=5+\dfra…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p13?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 17 Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p13?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 17 Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 17 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 17
$n$$7: 13$$n$$A_1, A_2, A_3, \ldots, A_n$$n$$5, A_1, A_2, A_3, \ldots, A_n, 32$$$a_1=5 \text{ and } a_{n+2}=32.$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1) d$$n$$n+2$\begin{align}a_{n+2}&amp;=a_1+(n+2-1) d \\
	&amp; =a_1+(n+1) d \\
	\implies 32&amp;=5+(n+1)d \\
	\implies (n+1)d&amp;=32-5\\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$9,7,5,3, \ldots$$a_1$$d$\begin{align}&amp;a_1=9 \\ 
&amp;d=7-9=-2 \\
&amp;n=20.
\end{align}\begin{align}&amp;a_n=a_1+(n-1)d \\
\implies &amp;a_20=9+(20-1)(-2)=-29.
\end{align}$S_n$$n$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\dfrac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n], \\
\implies S_{20}&amp;=\dfrac{20}{2}[9-29] …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)
$a_1, a_n, n, d$$S_n$$a_1=2, n=17, d=3$$a_1=2, n=17, d=3$$a_{17}$$S_{17}$$$a_{n}=a_1+(n-1)d.$$$$a_{17}=2+(17-1)(3)=50.$$$$S_n=\dfrac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n]$$\begin{align}S_{17}&amp;=\dfrac{17}{2}(a_1+a_17) \\
&amp;=\dfrac{17}{2}(2+50)=442.\end{align}$a_{17}=50$$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
$5$$25$$350$$5$$25$$350$$$25,30,35, \ldots, 350.$$$a_1=25, d=5$$a_n=350$$n$\begin{align}a_n&amp;=a_1+(n-1) d\end{align}\begin{align}
350&amp;=25+(n-1)(5) \\
\Rightarrow 5 n-5+25&amp;=350 \\
\Rightarrow 5 n&amp;=350-20=330 \\
\Rightarrow n&amp;=66, \text { now f…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5
$20$$120$$$a-2 d, a-d, a+d, a+2 d,$$$Condition-1$$20$\begin{align}a-3 d+a-d+a+d+a+3 d&amp;=20 \\
\Rightarrow 4 a&amp;=20\\
\Rightarrow a&amp;=5 .\end{align}$Condition-2$$120$\begin{align}(a-3 d)^2+(a-d)^2+(a+d)^2+(a+2 d)^2&amp;=120 \\
\Rightarrow a^2-6 a d+…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7
$1+3-5+7+9-11+13+15-$$17+\ldots$$3 n$\begin{align}&amp;(1+7+13+\ldots)+(3+9+15+\ldots)- \\
&amp; (5+11+17+\ldots) \ldots \ldots \ldots . . .(1)\end{align}$\mathrm{n}$$n$$3 n$$$1+7+13+\ldots$$$$a_1=1, d=7-1=6$$$n$\begin{align}S_n&amp;=\dfrac{n}{2}[2 a_1+…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$$306,315,324,333, \ldots, 693$$$a=306$$$d=(315-306) = 9 \text { and } a_n=693 .$$$n$\begin{align}a_n&amp;=a_1+(n-1) d \text { becomes } \\
\Rightarrow a_1+(n-1) d&amp;=693 \\
\Rightarrow 306+(n-1) \cdot 9&amp;=693 \\
\Rightarrow 9 n&amp;=396 \\
\Rightarr…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 &amp; 12 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 &amp; 12 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 11 &amp; 12 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$16 \mathrm{ft}$$48 \mathrm{ft}$$80 \mathrm{ft}$$a_1=16 \mathrm{ft}$$2^{\text {nd }}$$a_2=48 \mathrm{ft}$$a_3=80 \mathrm{ft}$$16,48,80, \ldots \quad$$d=48-16=32$$S_6$\begin{align}S_n&amp;=\dfrac{n}{2}[2 a_1+(n-1) d] \\
\therefore S_6&amp;=\dfrac{6}{2}(2.16+5…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 &amp; 14 Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 &amp; 14 Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 13 &amp; 14 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.\begin{align}\text{Total number of rows}&amp; n=40,\\
\text{Seats in a first row} a_1&amp;=20\\
\text{Seat in a second row} a_2&amp;=23\\
\text{Seats in third row} a_3&amp;=26\end{align}$20,23,26, \ldots$$S_{40}$$$S_n=\dfrac{n}{2} [{2} a_1+(n-1) d] \text {.}$$\begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question(i)
$a_1=5, \quad r=3$$a_1, a_1 r, a_1 r^2, a_1 r^3, a_1 r^4, \ldots$$a_1=5 ; r=3$\begin{align}&amp;5,5.3,5.3^2, 5.3^3, 5.3^4, \ldots\\
\Rightarrow &amp;5,15,45,135,405, \ldots\end{align}$a_1=8, \quad r=-\dfrac{1}{2}$$a_1, a_1 r, a_1 r^2, a_1 r^3, a_1 r^4, \ld…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$27$$243$$$a_3=27 \quad\text{and}\quad a_5=243$$\begin{align}a_3&amp;=a_1 r^2=27\\
a_5&amp;=a_1 r^4=243.\end{align}\begin{align}\dfrac{a_1 r^4}{a_1 r^2}&amp;=\dfrac{243}{27}=9 \\
\Rightarrow r^2&amp;=9 \text { or } r= \pm 3 .\end{align}$$a_1(9)=27 \quad \te…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$\dfrac{1}{64}$$r=\dfrac{1}{2}$$a_1=16$$a_n=\dfrac{1}{64}$$r=\dfrac{1}{2}$$n$$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1} \quad \text{then}$$\begin{align}\dfrac{1}{64}&amp;=16(\dfrac{1}{2})^{n-1} \\
\Rightarrow(\dfrac{1}{2})^{n-1}&amp;=\dfrac{1}{64 \times 16}=\dfrac{1}{1024} …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 &amp; 7 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 &amp; 7 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 6 &amp; 7 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6
$a_{10}=l, a_{13}=m$$a_{16}=n;\quad$$\ln =m^2$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$\begin{align}a_{10}&amp;=a_1 r^9=l \\
a_{13}&amp;=a_1 r^{12}=m\\
\text{and} \quad a_{16}&amp;=a_1 e^{\mathbf{A 5}}=n\end{align}\begin{align}a_{10} \cdot a_{16}&amp;=\ln =(a_1 r^9)(a_1 r^{15})\\
…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$3.14$$2.71$$a=3.14$$b=2.71$$$G= \pm \sqrt{(3.14)(2.71)}= \pm 2.94$$$$G=2.94 \quad \text{or} \quad -2.94$$$-6$$-216$$a=-6$$b=-216$\begin{align}G&amp;= \pm \sqrt{(-6)(-216)}= \pm \sqrt{1296} \\
\Rightarrow G&amp;= \pm 36\end{align}$$G=36 \quad \text{or} \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)
$3 \dfrac{5}{9}=\dfrac{32}{9}\quad$$\quad40 \dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{81}{2}$$G_1, G_2, G_3, G_4$$G_5$$\dfrac{32}{9}$$\dfrac{81}{2}$$\dfrac{32}{9}, G_1, G_2, G_3, G_4, G_5, \dfrac{81}{2}$$a_7=\dfrac{81}{2}$$a_1=\dfrac{32}{9}$\begin{align}a_1 r^6&amp;=\dfra…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 10
$48$$18$$a$$b$$1$$48$$$\quad a-b=48....(i)$$$a$$b$$$G=\sqrt{a b}$$$a$$b$$$A=\dfrac{a+b}{2}$$$2$$A \cdot M=G \cdot M+18$$A \cdot M-G \cdot M=18$$$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a+b}{2}-\sqrt{a b}=18$$$$(a+b)-2 \sqrt{a b}=36 \text {. }$$$a=b+48$\begin{align}(b…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 11
$\mathrm{n}$$a$$b$$nth$$G_1, G_2, G_9, \ldots, G_n$$n$$a$$b$$a, G_1, G_2, G_3, \ldots, G_n, b$$n+2$$a_{n+2}=b$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$$n$$n+2$\begin{align}a_{n+2}&amp;=a_1 r^{n i 1}=a r^{n+1}=b \\
\because a_1&amp;=a \\
\Rightarrow \quad r^{n+1}&amp;=\dfrac{b}{a} .…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 12
$n, . \dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}}{a^n+b^n}$$a$$b$$a$$b$$\dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n-1}}{a^n+b^n}$$a$$b$\begin{align}\dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}}{a^n+b^n}&amp;=\sqrt{a b}\quad \because G \cdot M=\sqrt{a b} \\
\Rightarrow \dfrac{a^{n+1}+b^{n+1}}{a^n+b^n}&amp;=a^{\dfrac{1}{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$3+6+12+\ldots+3.2^9$$a_1=3, \quad r=\dfrac{6}{3}=2$$a_n=3.2^9$$n$$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$$\begin{align}3.2^9&amp;=3(2)^{n-1} \text { or }(2)^{n-1}=\dfrac{3.2^9}{3} \\
\Rightarrow(2)^{n-1}&amp;=2^9 \\
\Rightarrow n-1&amp;=9 \text { or } n=10  \\
\text {. Now }\qua…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2(i)
$a_1, a_n, n_2 r$$S_n$$a_1=1, \quad r=-2, \quad a_n=64$$n$$S_n$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$\begin{align}64&amp;=(-2)^{n-1}\\
\Rightarrow(-2)^{n-1}&amp;=(-2)^6 \\
\Rightarrow n-1&amp;=6 \\
\Rightarrow n&amp;=7\\
S_7&amp;=\dfrac{a_1[r^{\prime \prime}-1]}{r-1}\\
\text{then}\\
S_7…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
$a_2=2$$a_3=1$$a_1$$r$$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$$$$a_2=a_1 r=2....(i)$$$$a_3=a_1 r^2=1...(ii)$$\begin{align}\dfrac{a_1 r^2}{a_1 r}&amp;=\dfrac{1}{2}\\
\Rightarrow r&amp;=\dfrac{1}{2} \text {, }\end{align}\begin{align}\dfrac{a_1}{2}&amp;=2\\
\Rightarrow a_1&amp;=4 \text {. …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4(i)
$0 . \overline{8}$$$0 . \overline{8}=0.888888 \ldots$$\begin{align}0 . \overline{8}&amp;=0.8+0.08+0.008 \div 0.0008+ \ldots\\
\text { or } 0 . \overline{8}&amp;=0.8+(0.1)(0.8) +(0.1)^2(0.8)+\ldots \ldots \ldots \ldots .(\mathrm{i})\end{align}$$a_1=0.8, \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5
$r$$S_{10}=244 S_5$$$S_n=\dfrac{a_1(r^n-1)}{r-1}$$$$S_{10}=\dfrac{a_1(r^{10}-1)}{r-1} \quad \text{and}\quad S_5=\dfrac{a_1(r^5-1)}{r-1}$$$S_{10}$$S_S$\begin{align}\dfrac{a_1(r^{10}-1)}{r-1}&amp;=244 \dfrac{a_1(r^5-1)}{r-1} \\
\Rightarrow r^{10}-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7
$\operatorname{sum} S_n$$n$$\{(\dfrac{1}{2})^n\}$$$\{(\dfrac{1}{2})^n\}=\dfrac{1}{2}, \dfrac{1}{2^2}, \dfrac{1}{2^3}, \ldots$$$$a_1=\dfrac{1}{2}$$$$r=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2^2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{2}$$\begin{align}S_n&amp;=\dfrac{a_1(1-r^n)}{1-r…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9
$9$$n$$r$$a_1$$$S_n=\dfrac{a_1[r^n-1]}{r-1}$$$$S_6=\dfrac{a_1(r^5-1)}{r-1}$$$$S_3=\dfrac{a_1(r^3-1)}{r-1} \text {. }$$$3$$9$$6$\begin{align} \dfrac{a_1(r^6-1)}{r-1}&amp;=9 \dfrac{a_1(r^3-1)}{r-1} \\
\Rightarrow r^6-1-9(r^3-1) \\
\Rightarrow r^…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 &amp; 12 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 &amp; 12 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 11 &amp; 12 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$p^{t h}, q^{t h}$$r^{t h}$$a, b, c$$a^{q-r} b^{r-p} c^{p-q}=1$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$$a_p=a_1 r^{p-1}=a \quad a_q=a_1 r^{q-1}=b$$a_r=a_1 r^{r-1}$\begin{align}a^{q-r}&amp;=(a_1 r^{p-1})^{q-r} . \\
b^{r-p}&amp;=(a_1 r^{q-1})^{r-p}, \text { and } \\
c^{p-q}&amp;=(a_1 r^…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 &amp; 14 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 &amp; 14 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 13 &amp; 14 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$y=\dfrac{x}{3}+\dfrac{x^2}{3^2}+\dfrac{x^3}{3^3}+\ldots$$0&lt;x&lt;3$$x=\dfrac{3 y}{1+y}$$$1+y=1+\dfrac{x}{3}+\dfrac{x^2}{3^2}+\dfrac{x^3}{3^3}$$$a_1=1$$r=\dfrac{x}{3}$$|r|=\dfrac{x}{3}&lt;1$$0&lt;x&lt;3$$S_{\infty}=\dfrac{a_1}{1-r}$$a_1, \quad r$$$S_{\infty}=\dfr…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 15 &amp; 16 Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 15 &amp; 16 Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 15 &amp; 16 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2$$4$$15^{\text {th }}$$a_1=R s .1$$a_2=R s .2$$a_3=R s .4$$1,2,4,8, \ldots$$a_1=1 . \quad r=2 . \quad n=15$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}$$15^{1 / 2}$$$a_{15}=a_1 r^{14} $$$$a_{15}=1 .(2)^{1 4}=R s .16384 $$$$S_{30}=\dfrac{a_1(r^{30}-1)}{r-1} $$$r-2$$a_1=1$\begi…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Mascellaneous series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$1^2+3^2+5^2+7^2+\ldots$$n$$1+3+5+\ldots$$n^{\text {th }}$$2 n-1$$n^{t h}$$$T_j=(2 j-1)^2$$\begin{align}&amp; \sum_{j=1}^n T_j=\sum_{j=1}^n(2 j-1)^2 \\
&amp; =\sum_{j=1}^n(4 j^2-4 j+1)\\
&amp; =4 \sum_{j=1}^n j^2-4 \sum_{j=1}^n j+\sum_{j=1}^n 1 \\
&amp; =4 \dfr…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Q2 Find the sum $1.2+2.3+3.4+\ldots+99.100$$1+2+3+\ldots+99$$2+3+4+\ldots+100$$n^{\text {th }}$$n(n+1)$$n^{\text {th }}$$\quad T_j=j(j+1)=j^2+j$$j=1$$j=99$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; \sum_{j=1}^{99} \tau_j=\sum_{j=1}^{99} j^2+\sum_{j=1}^{99} j \\
&amp; =\frac{99…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5 Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5 Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$2+(2+5)+(2+5+8)+\ldots$$n$\begin{align}&amp; T_j=\dfrac{j}{2}[2(2)+3(j-1)]\\
&amp;=\dfrac{j(3 j+1)}{2} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{1}{2}(3 j^2+j)\end{align}\begin{align}&amp; \sum_{j=1}^n T_i=\dfrac{1}{2}[3 \sum_{j=1}^n j^2+\sum_{j=1}^n j] \\
&amp; =\dfrac{1}{2}[3 \dfra…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6
$1.2 \cdot 3+2 \cdot 3.4+3.4 .5+\ldots$$n$$1+2+3+\ldots, \quad 2+3+4+5+\ldots$$3+4+5+6+7+\ldots$$n^{t h}$$j, j+1$$j+2$$n^{t h}$\begin{align}
&amp; T_j=j(j+1)(j+2)-j(j^2+3 j+2) \\
&amp; =j^3+3 j^2+2 j\end{align}\begin{align}
&amp; \sum_{j=1}^n T_j=\sum_{j=1}^n …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7
$n$$1.5 .9+2.6 .10+3.7 .11+\ldots$$T_j=j(j+4)(j+8)$\begin{align}
&amp; =j(j^2+12 j+32) \\
&amp; =j^3+12 j^2+32 j\end{align}\begin{align}
&amp; \sum_{j=1}^n T_j=\sum_{j=1}^n j^3+12 \sum_{j=1}^n j^2+32 \sum_{j=1}^n j \\
&amp; =(\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2})^2+12 \dfrac…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)
$n$$n$$n$\begin{align}
&amp; T_n=n^2(2 n+3)=2 n^3+3 n^2 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow T_j=2 j^3+3 j^2\end{align}\begin{align}
&amp; \sum_{j=1}^n T_j=2 \sum_{j=1}^n j^3+3 \sum_{j=1}^n j^2 \\
&amp; =2(\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2})^2+3 \dfrac{n(n+1)(2 n+1)}{6} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Mascellaneous series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$n$$1.2+2.2^2+3.2^3+4.2^4+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; S_n=1.2+2.2^2+3 \cdot 2^3+4 \cdot 2^4+\ldots +n \cdot 2^n....(i) \\
&amp; 2 S_n=1.2^2+2.2^3+3.2^4+4.2^5+\ldots +n \cdot 2^n....(ii)\end{align}\begin{align} (1-2) S_n&amp;=1 \cdot 2+(2-1) 2^2+(3-2) 2^2+(4-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$1+3^2 x+5^2 x^2+7^2 x^3+\ldots, x&lt;1$\begin{align}
&amp; S_{\infty}=1+3^2 x+5^2 x^2+7^2 x^3+\ldots ..(1)\\
&amp; x S_{\infty}=x+3^2 x^2+5^2 x^3+7^2 x^4+\ldots..(2)\end{align}\begin{align}&amp; (1-x) S_{\infty}=1^2+(3^2-1^2) x+(5^2-3^2) x^2+(7^2-5^2) x^…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5 Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5 Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$5+\dfrac{7}{3}+\dfrac{9}{3^2}+\dfrac{11}{3^3}+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; S_{\infty}=5+\dfrac{7}{3}+\dfrac{9}{3^2}+\dfrac{11}{3^3}+\ldots.(i) \\
&amp; \dfrac{1}{3} S_{\infty}=\dfrac{5}{3}+\dfrac{7}{3^2}+\dfrac{9}{3^2}+\dfrac{11}{3^3}+\ldots.(ii)
\e…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Mascellaneous series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1
$n$$n$$4+13+28+49+76+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=13-4=9 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=28-13=15 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=49-28=21 \\
&amp; \cdots \quad \cdots \quad \cdots \\
&amp; \cdots \quad \cdots \quad \cdots \\
&amp; a_n-a_{n-1}=(n-1)th \quad\text{term of sequence}\quad 9,15,21,..…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$n$$n$$4+14+30+52+80+114+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=14-4=10 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=30-14=16 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=52-30=22 \\
&amp; \cdots \quad \cdots \quad \cdots \\
&amp; \cdots \quad \cdots \quad \cdots \\
&amp; a_n-a_{n-1}=(\mathrm{n}-1)\text{ term of the sequence} 10,1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 3
$n$$n$$4+10+18+28+40+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=10-4=6 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=18-10=8 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=28-18=10 \\
&amp; \text {... ... ... } \\
&amp; \text {... ... ... } \\
&amp; a_n-a_{n \quad 1}=(\mathrm{n}-1) \text { term of the sequence } \end{align}$6,10,8, \ldot…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$n$$n$$3+5+11+29+83+245+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=5-3=2 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=11-5=6 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=29-11=18 \\
&amp; \text {... ... ... } \\
&amp; \text {... ... ... } \\
&amp; a_n-a_{n-1}=(\mathrm{n}-1) \text { term ofthe sequence }\end{align}$6,10,18, \ldots$\beg…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 5
$n$$n$$3+9+21+45+93+189+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=9-3=6 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=21-9=12 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=45-21=24\\
&amp; \text {... ... ... } \\
&amp; \text {... ... ... } \\
&amp;a_n-a_{n-1}=(\mathrm{n}-1)\quad \text{ term of the sequence}\quad 6,12,24, \ldots\end{ali…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 6
$n$$n$$28+32+52+152+652+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=32-28=4 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=52-32=20 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=152-52=100 \\
&amp; \ldots \quad \cdots \quad \cdots \\
&amp; \cdots \quad \cdots \quad \cdots \\
&amp; a_n-a_{n-1}=(\mathrm{n}-1) \text { term ofthe sequence } 4…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 5.4 of Unit 05: Mascellaneous series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1(i)
$\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\ldots$$n$$$T_n=\dfrac{1}{n(n+1)}$$$T_n$$$\dfrac{1}{n(n+1)}=\dfrac{A}{n}+\dfrac{B}{(n+1)}$$$n(n+1)$$$1=A(n+1)+B n=(A+B) n+A$$$n$$$A+B=0 \text{and} A=1$$$A=1$\begin{align}1+B&amp;=0\\
B&amp;=-1\end{align}\beg…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 5.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3 Exercise 5.4

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Exercise 5.4 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 2
$\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{9 k^2+3 k-2}$\begin{align}\text { Let } S_n&amp;=\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{9 k^2+3 k-2} \\
S_n&amp;=\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{9 k^2+6 k-3 k-2} \\
&amp; =\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{3 k(3 k+2)-1(3 k+2)} \\
S_n&amp;=\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{(3 k-1…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 5.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 5.4

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 5.4 of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{k^2+7 k+12}$\begin{align}S_n &amp;=\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{k^2+7 k+12} \\
&amp; =\sum_{k=1}^n \dfrac{1}{(k+3)(k+4)}\end{align}$n^{\text {th }}$$$u_n=\dfrac{1}{(n+3)(n+4)}$$$$\dfrac{1}{(n+3)(n+4)}=\dfrac{A}{n+3}+\dfrac{B}{n+4}$$$A$$B$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Review Exercise 5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Review Exercise 5

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 5 of Unit 05: Vectors. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 1

$t_n=6 n+5$$t_{n+1}=$$6 n-1$$6 n+11$$6 n+6$$6 n-5$$1+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3^2}+\dfrac{10}{3^3}+\dfrac{14}{3^4}+\ldots$$6$$2$$3$$4$$1+2.2+3.2^2+\cdots+100.2^{\prime \prime}$$99.2^{100}$$100.2^{100}$$99.2^{100}+1$$1000.2^{100}$$n^{t h}$$1.2+2.3+3.4+\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$n$$1.2+2.3+3.4+\ldots$$n^{\text {th }}$$$a_n=n(n+1)=n^2+n$$\begin{align}
\sum_{r=1}^n a_r&amp;=\sum_{r=1}^n r^2+\sum_{r=1}^n r \\
&amp; =\dfrac{n(n+1)(2 n+1)}{6}+\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}[\dfrac{2 n+1}{3}+1] \\
&amp; =\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2} \cdot …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 4
$\dfrac{1}{1.4 .7}+\dfrac{1}{4.7 .10}+\dfrac{1}{7.10 .13}+\ldots$$1,4,7, \ldots$$$a_n=\dfrac{1}{(3 n-2)(3 n+1)(3 n+4)}$$\begin{align}
\dfrac{1}{(3 n-2)(3 n+1)(3 n+4)}&amp;=\dfrac{A}{3 n-2}+\dfrac{B}{3 n+1}+\dfrac{C}{3 n+4}\end{align}$(3 n-2)(3 n+…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$5+12 x+19 x^2+26 x^3+\ldots$$n$\begin{align}S_n&amp;=5+12 x+19 x^2+26 x^3+\cdots+(7 n-2) x^{n-1}...(i)\\ 
x S_n&amp;=5 x+12 x^2+19 x^3+\cdots+(7 n-9) x^{n-1}+(7 n-1) x^n....(ii)\end{align}\begin{align}(1-x) S_n&amp;=5+(12-5) x+(19-12) x^2+\cdots\\
&amp;+[7 n-2-(…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 7 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 7(i)
$1.2^2+3.3^2+5.4^2+\ldots$$n$$1,3,5, \ldots,(2 n-1)$$2^2, 3^2, 4^2, \ldots,(n+1)^2$\begin{align}
&amp; a_n=(2 n-1)(n+1)^2 \\
&amp; a_n=(2 n-1)(n^2+2 n+1) \\
&amp; a_n=2 n^3+3 n^2-1\end{align}\begin{align}
\sum_{r=1}^n a_r&amp;=2 \sum_{r=1}^n r^3+\sum_{r=1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 8 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 8(i)
$n$$n^{t h}$$n^3+3^n.$$n^h$$$a_n=n^3+3^n$$\begin{align}\sum_{r=1}^n a_r&amp;=\sum_{r=1}^n r^3+\sum_{r=1}^n 3^r \\
&amp; =[\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}]^2+\dfrac{3(3^n-1)}{3-1} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{n^2(n+1)^2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{2}(3^n-1) \end{align}$n$$$S_n=\dfrac{n^2(n+1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 9 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 9(i)
$n$$3+7+13+21+31+\ldots$\begin{align}
&amp; a_2-a_1=7-3=4 \\
&amp; a_3-a_2=13-7=6 \\
&amp; a_4-a_3=21-13=8 \\
&amp; \ldots \quad \ldots \quad \ldots \\
&amp; \ldots \quad \cdots \quad \ldots \\
&amp; a_n-a_{n-1}=(n-1) \text { term of the series } \\
&amp; 4,6,8, \ldo…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit05/re-ex5-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 10 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Miscullaneous Series. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.

Question 10
$n^{\text {th }}$$n$$1+(1+\dfrac{1}{2})+(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4})+(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8})+\ldots$\begin{align}
a_n&amp;=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{2^{n-1}} \\
a_n&amp;=\dfrac{1[1-(\dfrac{1}{2})…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 6.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 6.1

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 6.1 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{10 !}{3 ! .3 ! \cdot 4 !}$\begin{align}\dfrac{10 !}{3 ! \cdot 3 ! \cdot 4 !}&amp;=\dfrac{10.9 .8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6 \cdot 5.4 !}{3 ! \cdot 3 ! \cdot 4 !}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{10.9 .8 .7 .5}{3.2 .1}\\
&amp;=4200 \end{align}$\dfrac{3 !+4 !}{5 !-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4 Exercise 6.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4 Exercise 6.1

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 6.1 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{1}{6 !}+\dfrac{2}{7 !}+\dfrac{3}{8 !}=\dfrac{75}{8 !}$\begin{align}\dfrac{1}{6 !}+\dfrac{2}{7 !}+\dfrac{3}{8 !}&amp;=\dfrac{1}{6 !}+\dfrac{2}{7.6 !}+\dfrac{3}{8.7 .6 !} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{56+16+3}{8 !}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{75}{8 !}\end{align}$\df…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 6.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 6.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 6.1 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{(2 n) !}{n !}=2^n(1.3 .5 \ldots(2 n-1))$\begin{align}\dfrac{(2 n) !}{n !}&amp;=\dfrac{1}{n !}[(2 n)(2 n-1)(2 n-2) \\
&amp;=(2 n-3)(2 n-4)(2 n-5) \ldots(2 n-(2 n-4))\\
&amp;(2 n-(2 n-3))(2 n-(2 n-2))(2 n-(2 n-1))]\end{align}$2 n$\begin{align}\dfra…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 6.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 6.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 6.1 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 6.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-1-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 6.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 6.1 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$^6 P_6$\begin{align}^6 P_6&amp;=\dfrac{6 !}{(6-6) !}\\
&amp;=6 !=720\end{align}$^{20} P_2$\begin{align}^{20} P_2&amp;=\dfrac{20 !}{(20-2) !}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{20.19 .18 !}{18 !}\\
&amp;=20 \times 19=380\end{align}$^{16} P_3$\begin{align}^{16} P_3&amp;=\dfr…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$^n P_r=n(^{n-1} P_{r-1})$$$^n P_r=n({ }^{n-1} P_{r-1})$$\begin{align}n(^{n-1} P_{r-1})&amp;=n \dfrac{(n-1) !}{((n-1)-(r-1)) !} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{n(n-1) !}{(n-r) !}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{n !}{(n-r) !}\\
&amp;=^n P_r\end{align}$^n P_r=^{n-1} P_r+r(^{n-1} …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$7.$$7$$7$\begin{align}^7 P_7&amp;=\dfrac{7 !}{(7-7) !}\\
&amp; =7 !\\
&amp;=5,040 \end{align}$2,4,5,7,9$$2,4,5,7,9$$\mathrm{n} . \mathrm{m}$$e$$$=5.4 .3 .2=120\quad \text{or}$$$$^5 P_4=\dfrac{5 !}{5-4} !=120$$$2$$4$$3$$E_1$$m_1=2$$E_2$$m_2=3…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1,2,3,4$$E_1$$m_1=5$$E_2$$\cdot m_2=5$$E_3$$m_3=5$$$m_1 \cdot m_2 \cdot m_3=5.5 \cdot 5=125$$$1,2,3,4$$E_1$$m_1=5$$E_2$$m_2=4$$E_3$$m_3=3$$$m_1 \cdot m_2 \cdot m_3=5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3=60$$$8$$5$$=4$$=4$$=5$$=3$$4 ! \cdot 5 ! \cdot …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$=^6 P_1=6$$s=^6 P_2=30$$=^6 P_3=120$$=^6 P_4=360$$=^6 P_5=720$$=^6 P_6=720$$6+30+120+360+720+720=1956$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$n=8$$r=5$\begin{align}^8 P_5&amp;=\dfrac{8 !}{(8-5) !}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3 !}{3 !}\\
&amp;=6720\end{align}\begin{align}^2 P_2 \times^7 P_4&amp;=2 \times \dfrac{7 !}{(7-4) !}\\
&amp;=2 \times\dfrac{7.6 .5 .4 .3 !}{3 !}\\
&amp;=…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$10$$1000$$2.3,4,0,8,9$$10$$1000$$10$$100$$E_1$$m_1=5$$E_2$$m_2=5$$10$$100$$$m_1 \cdot m_2=5.5=25$$$100$$1000$$0$$E_1$$m_1=5$$E_2$$\boldsymbol{m}_2=5$$E_3$$m_3=4$$100$$1000$$$m_1 \cdot m_2 \cdot m_3=5.5 \cdot 4=100$$$10$$1000$$$100 + 25=125…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$8.$$n=8$$\mathrm{O}$$m_1=3$\begin{align}
 \left(\begin{array}{c}
n \\
m 1
\end{array}\right)&amp;=\left(\begin{array}{l}
8 \\
3
\end{array}\right) \\
&amp; =\dfrac{8 !}{3 !}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3 !}{3 !}\\
&amp;=6,720 \e…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\mathrm{E}$$n=10$$m_1=4$$E, m_2=2$$L$$m_3=2$$C$\begin{align}\text{total number of permutations are}
 &amp;=\left(\begin{array}{c}
n \\
m_1, m_2, m_3
\end{array}\right)\\&amp;=\left(\begin{array}{c}
10 \\
4,2,2
\end{array}\right) \\
&amp; =\dfrac{10 !}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 and 15 Exercise 6.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-2-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 and 15 Exercise 6.2

Solutions of Question 14 and 15 of Exercise 6.2 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\dfrac{(n-1) !}{2}=\dfrac{(5-1) !}{2}=\dfrac{24}{2}=12 $$$7$$7$$6 !$$6$$5!$$2 !=2$$7$$$2 \times 5 !=240$$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$^n C_2=36$$n$\begin{align}&amp;^n C_2=36\\
&amp; \Rightarrow \dfrac{n !}{(n-2) ! 2 !}=36 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow \dfrac{n(n-1)(n-2) !}{(n-2) ! \cdot 2}=36 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow n(n-1)=72 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow n^2-n-72=0 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow n^2-9 n+8 n-72=0\\
&amp; \Rightar…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$n$$r$${ }^n P_r=840$${ }^n C_r=35$\begin{align}
&amp;^n P_r=\dfrac{n !}{(n-r) !}=840 ....(i)\\
&amp;^n C_r=\dfrac{n !}{(n-r) ! r !}=35....(ii)\end{align}\begin{align}\dfrac{n !}{(n-r) !} \cdot \dfrac{(n-r) ! r !}{n !}&amp;=\dfrac{840}{35}\\
r!&amp;=24\\
\te…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$n$$^{2 n} C_3:^n C_2=36: 3$\begin{align}
&amp; { }^{2 n} C_3:{ }^n C_2=36: 3 . \\
&amp; \Rightarrow \dfrac{(2 n) !}{(2 n-3) ! 3 !} \times \dfrac{(n-2) ! 2 !}{n !}=12 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow \dfrac{2 n(2 n-1)(2 n-2)(2 n-3) !}{(2 n-3) ! 3 !}\times\dfrac{(n-2…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${ }^{n-1} C_r+{ }^{n-1} C_{r-1}={ }^n C_r$$${ }^n{ }^1 C_r+{ }^n{ }^1 C_{r-1}={ }^n C_s$$\begin{align}
{ }^{n-1} C_r+{ }^{n-1} C_{r-1}&amp;=\dfrac{(n-1) !}{(n-r-1) ! r !}+\dfrac{(n-1) !}{(n-1-(r-1)) !(r-1) !} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{(n-1) !}{(n-r-1) ! r(r-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$12$$n=12$${ }^{12} C_2=66$$12$$n=12$${ }^{12} C_3=220$$${ }^6 C_2=\dfrac{6 !}{(6-2) ! 2 !}=15 $$$6$$\quad 15-6=9$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$20$\begin{align}{ }^{20} C_2&amp;=\dfrac{20 !}{(20-2)2!}!\\
&amp;=\dfrac{20!}{18!\cdot 2!}\\
&amp;=190\end{align}$7$$10$$3$$7$$10$$${ }^{10} C_7=\dfrac{10 !}{(10-7) ! 7 !}=120$$$7$$4.$$4$$${ }^7 C_4=\dfrac{7 !}{(7-4) ! 4 !}=35.$$$35$$10.$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$8$$6$$7$$7$$6.$$=7+6=13$${ }^7 C_4$${ }^6 C_4$\begin{align}{ }^7 C_4 \cdot{ }^6 C_4&amp;=\dfrac{7 !}{(7-4) ! 4 !} \cdot \dfrac{6 !}{(6-4)}\\\
&amp;= 525\end{align}$8$$6$$7$$7$$6$$=7+6=13$$3,4,5,6$$6$\begin{align}{ }^7 C_2 \cdot{ }^6 C_6&amp;=\dfrac{7 !}…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 6.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-3-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 6.3

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 6.3 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$S=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$$5$$5$\begin{align}A&amp;=\{5\}\\
P(A)&amp;=\dfrac{n(A)}{n(S)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{6} \end{align}$S=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$$1$$1$\begin{align}B&amp;=\{\}\\
&amp;=\phi \text{then}\\
P(B)&amp;=\dfrac{n(B)}{n(S)}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{0}{6}\\
&amp;=0\end{align}$S=\{1,2,3,4,…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$4$$5$$6$$3$$4+5+6=15$$${ }^{15} C_3=\dfrac{15 !}{(15-3) ! 3 !}=455 $$$${ }^6 C_4=\dfrac{6 !}{(6-4) ! 4 !}=15$$$$=\dfrac{15}{455}=\dfrac{3}{91}$$$4$$5$$6$$3$$4+5+6=15$$${ }^{15} C_3=\dfrac{15 !}{(15-3) ! 3 !}=455 $$$${ }^4 C_3=\dfrac{4 !}{(4-…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$8$$8$$2^8$$$n(S)=256$$$$\dfrac{1}{256}$$$8$$$A=\{8\}$$$${ }^8 C_8=\dfrac{8 !}{(8-8) ! 8 !}=1$$$8$$$P(A)=\dfrac{1}{256}$$$7$$8$$2^8$$$n(S)=256$$$$\dfrac{1}{256}$$$7$$$B=\{7\}$$$7$$8$$$n(B)={ }^8 C_7=\dfrac{8 !}{(8-7) ! 7 !}=8$$$7$$8$$$P(B)=\d…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.\begin{align}S&amp;=(HHII,HHT.HTH.HTT.THII.THT.TTH,TT7),\\
\text{then} n(S)&amp;=2^3=8\end{align}$$A=\{H H H\}$$$$n(A)=1$$$P(A)=\dfrac{n(A)}{n(S)}=\dfrac{1}{8}$\begin{align}S&amp;=(HHII,HHT.HTH.HTT.THII.THT.TTH,TT7),\\ 
\text{then} n(S)&amp;=2^3=8\end{align}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$6$$4$$3$$2$$=6+4=10$$5$$10$\begin{align}{ }^{10)} C_5 &amp;=\dfrac{10 !}{(10-5) ! 5 !}\\
&amp;=252\\ 
n(S)&amp;=252\end{align}$3$$2$$3$$2$\begin{align}{ }^6 \mathrm{C}_3\cdot{ }^{4} \mathrm{C}_2&amp;=\dfrac{6 !}{(6-3) ! 3 !} \cdot \dfrac{4 !}{(4-2) ! 2 !}\\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$52$$$=52$$$=4$$$=\dfrac{4}{52}=\dfrac{1}{13}$$$52$$=52$$13$$13$$$\dfrac{13}{52}+ \dfrac{13}{52}=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}$$$52$$=52$$13.$$$=\dfrac{13}{52}=\dfrac{1}{4}$$$52$$=52$$12.$$$=\dfrac{12}{52}=\dfrac{3}{13}$…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 6.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-4-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 6.4

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 6.4 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.\begin{align}S&amp;=\{(i, j) ; i, j=1,2,3,4,5,6\}\\
&amp;=\left[\begin{array}{llllll}
(1,1) &amp; (1,2) &amp; (1,3) &amp; (1,4) &amp; (1,5) &amp; (1,6) \\
(2,1) &amp; (2,2) &amp; (2,3) &amp; (2,4) &amp; (2,5) &amp; (2,6) \\
(3,1) &amp; (3,2) &amp; (3,3) &amp; (3,4) &amp; (3,5) &amp; (3,6) \\
(4,1) &amp; (4,2) &amp; (…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$A$$B$$P(A)=\dfrac{2}{5}, P(B)=\dfrac{2}{5}$$P(A \cup B)=\dfrac{1}{2}$$P(A \cap B)$\begin{align}
 P(A \cup B)&amp;=P(A)+P(B)-P(A \cap B) \\
 \Rightarrow P(A \cap B)&amp;=P(A)+P(B)-P(A \cup B)
\end{align}$P(A), P(B)$$P(A \cup B)$$$P(A \cap…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$P(A)=0.5$$P(A \cup B)=0.6$$P(B)$$A$$B$$\mathrm{A}$$B$$A \cap B=\emptyset$\begin{align}P(A \cup B)&amp;=P(A)+P(B)\\
\Rightarrow P(B)&amp;=P(A \cup B)-P(A)\\
&amp;=0.6-.0 .5=0.1 \end{align}$30$$1$$30.$\begin{align}S&amp;=\{1,2,3, \ldots, 50\} \tex…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{8}{9}$$$E=\{ event\, passing\, the\, test \}$$$$E^{\prime}=\{ event\, failing\, the\, test \}$$$E$$E^{\prime}$$P(E)=\dfrac{8}{9}$\begin{align}P(E^{\prime})&amp;=1-P(E)=1-\dfrac{8}{9}=\dfrac{1}{9}\end{align}$4$$4$\begin{align}S…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$52$$52$$26$$26$$13$$13$$13$$13$$13$$10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3$$2.$$$=\dfrac{13}{52}=\dfrac{1}{4}$$$$=\dfrac{4}{52}=\dfrac{1}{13}$$\begin{align}
P(A \cup B)&amp;=P(A)+P(B) \\
&amp; =\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{13}=\dfrac{17}{52} \end{align}$$=1-\dfrac{17}{52}=\dfr…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$7$$11.$\begin{align}s&amp;=(i i, j): i, j-1,2,3,4,5,6\}\\
&amp;=\left[\begin{array}{llllll}
(1.1) &amp; (1.2) &amp; (1.3) &amp; (1.4) &amp; (1.5) &amp; (1.6) \\
(2.1) &amp; (2.2) &amp; (2.3) &amp; (2.4) &amp; (2.5) &amp; (2.6) \\
(3.1) &amp; (3.2) &amp; (3.3) &amp; (3.4) &amp; (3.5) &amp; (3.6) \\
(4.1) &amp; (4…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2$$\dfrac{1}{7}$$\dfrac{1}{5}$\begin{align}
P(\text { Ajmal scicction })&amp;=\dfrac{1}{7} \\
\Rightarrow P(\text { Ajmal not selected })&amp;=\dfrac{6}{7} \\
P(\text { Bushra selection })&amp;=\dfrac{1}{5} \\
\Rightarrow P(\text { Bushra not selected }…</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 6.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/ex6-5-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 6.5

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 6.5 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$20$$10$$5$$3$$2$$=20$$=10$$=5$$=3$$=15$$=5$$=10$$=3$$=22$$E$$a A$$B$$2$\begin{align}n(S)&amp;={ }^{30} C_2\\
&amp;=435\\
P(A)&amp;=\dfrac{^{20} C_2}{^{30} C_2}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{190}{435}=\dfrac{38}{87}\\
P(B)&amp;=\dfrac{^{22} C_2}{^{30} C_2}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{231}{43…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$O, P, Q, R, S, T, U$$2520$$9040$$5140$$4880$$\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\}$$14$$42$$28$$21$$\{1,2,3,4,6,7,8\}$$3$$7$$120$$180$$144$$96$$\dfrac{(n+2) !(n-2) !}{(n+1) !(n-1) !}$$(n-3)$$(\dot{n}-1)$$\dfrac{n+1}{n+2}$$\dfrac{n+2}{n-1}$$5$$768$$724…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 2 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${ }^{2 n} C_r={ }^{2 n} C_{r+2}$$r$\begin{align}
{ }^{2 n} C_r&amp;={ }^{2 n} C_{r+2} \\
\Rightarrow \dfrac{(2 n) !}{(2 n-r) ! r !}&amp;=\dfrac{(2 n) !}{(2 n-(r+2)) !(r+2) !}\end{align}$(2 n)$\begin{align}
\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{(2 n-r) ! r…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${ }^{56} P_{r+6}:{ }^{54} P_{r+3}=30800: 1$$r$\begin{align}
{ }^{56} P_{r+6}:{ }^{54} P_r+3&amp;=30800: 1  \\
\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{56 !}{[56-(r+6)] !}}{\dfrac{54 !}{[54-(r+3)] !}}&amp;=\dfrac{30800}{1} \\
\Rightarrow \dfrac{56…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$n=6$$$$(n-1) !=(6-1) !=5 !=120$$$120-24=96$$n=6$$(n-1) !=(6-1) !=5 !=120$$$(n-1) !=(5-1) !=4 !=24$$$$(n-1) !=(6-1) !=5 !=120$$$$4 ! \cdot 2 !=48$$$(5-1) !$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$P(A)=0.8, P(B)=0.5$$P(B / A)=0.4$$P(A \cap B)$\begin{align}
P(B \mid A)&amp;=\dfrac{P(A \cap B)}{P(A)} \\
\Rightarrow P(A \cap B)&amp;=P(B \mid A) \cdot P(A)\\
&amp;=0.4 \times 0.8=0.32\end{align}$P(A)=0.8, P(B)=0.5$$P(B / A)=0.4$$P(A …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2,3,0,3,4,2,3$$1$$=100,0000$$$=\dfrac{7 !}{3 ! \cdot 2 !}=420 $$$1$$0$$7$$0$$$=\dfrac{6 !}{2 ! 3 !}=60 $$$1$$420-50=360$$n$$n$$(n-1)$$(n - 1)$$(n-1)$$(n-2) !$$2$$2 !$$n$$$(n-2) ! \cdot 2 !=2(n-2) ! $$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Review Exercise 6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit06/re-ex6-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Review Exercise 6

Solutions of Question 11 of Review Exercise 6 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$n(S)=4$$$\dfrac{1}{4}$$$\quad P( orange )=\dfrac{1}{4}$$$\dfrac{1}{4}$$\dfrac{1}{4}$\begin{align}P(\operatorname{Red})&amp;=\dfrac{1}{4}\\
P( Green )&amp;=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{align}$P(R \cap G)=\phi$$R$$G$\begin{align}\boldsymbol{P}( Red o…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2+4+6+\cdots+2 n=n(n+1)$$n=1$$$2=1(1+1)=2 $$$n=1$$n=k$$$2+4+6+\cdots+2 k=k(k+1)....(i)$$$n=k+1$$(k+1)^{t h}$$$a_{k+1}=\mathbf{2}(k+1)=2 k+2 $$$k+1$\begin{align}2+4+6+\cdots+2 k+2(k+1)&amp; =k(k+1)+2(k+1) \\
&amp; =(k+1)[k+2] \\
&amp; =(k+1)(k+1+1)\end{a…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1+5+9+\ldots+(4 n-3)=n(2 n-1)$$n=1$$$1=1(2.1-1)=1$$$n=1$$n=k$\begin{align}1+5+9+\ldots+(4 k-3)\\
&amp; =k(2 k-1)....(i) \\
\end{align}$n=k+1$$k+1$$$a_{k-1}=4(k+1)-3=4 k+1 $$$(k+1)^{t h}$\begin{align}1+5+9+\ldots+(4 k-3)+(4 k+1)&amp; =k(2 k-1)+4 k+1 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$3+6+9+\ldots+3 n=\dfrac{3 n(n+1)}{2}$$n=1$$3=\dfrac{3.1(1+1)}{2}=3$$n=1$$n=k$$$3+6+9+\ldots+3 k=\dfrac{3 k(k+1)}{2}....(i)$$$n=k+1$$(k+1)$$a_{k+1}=3(k+1)$$(k+1)^{t h}$\begin{align}3+6+9+\ldots+3 k+3(k+1) &amp; =\dfrac{3 k(k+1)}{2}+3(k+1) \\
&amp; =3…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$3+7+11+\cdots+(4 n-1)=n(2 n+1)$$n=1$$$3=1(2+1)=3 $$$n=1$$n=k$\begin{align}3+7+11+\cdots+(4 k-1) 
&amp; =k(2 k+1)....(i) \end{align}$n=k+1$$(k+1)$$a_{k+1}=4(k+1)-1$$(k+1)^{t h}$\begin{align}
3+7+11+\cdots+(4 k-1)+[4(k+1)-1] &amp; =k(2 k+1)+4(k+1)-1 \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1^3+2^3+3^3+\ldots+n^3=\left[\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}\right]^2$$n=1$$1^3=1=\left[\dfrac{1(1+1)}{2}\right]^2=1$$n=1$$n=k_1$\begin{align}1^3+2^3+3^3+\ldots+k^3&amp; =[\dfrac{k(k+1)}{2}]^2....(i)\end{aligned}
3. Now $$ the $$ term of the given series on l…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1(1 !)+2(2 !)+3(3 !)+\ldots+n(n !)= -(n+1) !-1$$n=1$$$1(1 !)=1=(1+1) !-1=2 !-1=1 $$$n=1$$n=k$\begin{align}1(1 !)+2(2 !)+3(3 !)+\ldots+k(k !)&amp; =(k+1) !-1  \ldots . .(i)\end{align}$n=k+1$$(k+1)^{t h}$$a_{k+1}=(k+1)[(k+1) !]$$a_{k-1}$\begin{ali…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1.2+2.3+3.4+\ldots+n(n+1)=\dfrac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}$$n=1$$$1.2=2=\dfrac{1(1+1)(1+2)}{3}=2 $$$n=1$$n=k$\begin{align}1.2+2.3+3.4+\ldots+k(k+1)&amp; =\dfrac{k(k+1)(k+2)}{3}....(i)\end{align}$n=k+1$$(k-1)^{t h}$$a_{k+1}=(k+1)(k+ 2)$$(k+1)^{\text {th }}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1+2+2^2+2^3+\ldots+2^n 1=2^n-1$$n=1$$1=2^1-1=1$$n=1$$n-k&gt;1$\begin{align}1+2+2^2+2^3+\ldots+2^{k-1} \\
&amp; =2^k-1 ....(i)\end{align}$n-k-1$$(k+1)^{t h}$$a_{k+1}=2^k$$a_{k+1}$\begin{align}1+2+2^2+2^3+\ldots+2^{k-1}-2^k &amp; =2^k-12^k \\
&amp; =2^k+2^k-…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p9?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{27}+\ldots+\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}[1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}]$$n=1$$$\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}[1-\dfrac{1}{3}]-\dfrac{1}{2} \dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3} $$$n=1$$n=k$$$\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{27}+\ldots…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\left(\begin{array}{1}5 \\5 \end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{l}6 \\ 5\end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{l}7 \\ 5\end{array}\right)+\ldots+\left(\begin{array}{c}n+4 \\ 5\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}n+5 \\ 6\end{array}\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p11?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.\begin{align}
&amp; \left(\begin{array}{l}
2 \\
2
\end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{l}
3 \\
2
\end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{l}
4 \\
2
\end{array}\right)+\ldots+\left(\begin{array}{l}
n \\
2
\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p12?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p12?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{5^{2 n}-1}{24}$$n=1$$$\dfrac{5^{2 n}-1}{24}=\dfrac{5^{2.1}-1}{24}=\dfrac{24}{24}=1 \in \mathbb{Z}$$$n=1$$n=k&gt;1$$$\dfrac{5^{2 k}-1}{24} \in \mathbb{Z}$$$n=k+1$\begin{align}\dfrac{5^{2(k+1)}-1}{24}&amp;=\dfrac{5^{2 k+2}-1}{24} \\
&amp; =\dfra…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p13?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2^n&gt;n \forall n \in \mathbf{N}$$n=1$$2^n=2^1=2$$n=1$$2&gt;1$$n=1$$n=l&gt;I$$2^k&gt;k\cdots(i)$$n=k+1$\begin{align}
&amp; 2^{k+1}=2^k \cdot 2&gt;k \cdot 2 \quad \text { by (i) } \\
&amp; \Rightarrow 2^{k+1}&gt;2 k=k+k \\
&amp;\Rightarrow 2^{k+1}&gt;k+1 \text {. as } k&gt;1…</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p14?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 14 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$5$$3^{2 n-1}+2^{2 n-1}$$n$$n=1$$$3^{2 n-1}+2^{2 n-1}=3^{2.1-1}+2^{2.1-1}=5 \text {. }$$$5$$5$$5$$5.$$n=1$$n=k&gt;1$$54$$3^{2 k} 1+2^{2 k} \quad 1$$$3^{2 k-1}+2^{2 k-1}=5 Q$$$Q$$n=k+1$\begin{align}
3^{2(k+1)-1}+2^{2(k+1)-1} &amp; =3^{2 k+2-1}+2^{2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 15 Exercise 7.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-1-p15?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 15 Exercise 7.1

Solutions of Question 15 of Exercise 7.1 of Unit 06: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$a+b$$a^n-b^n$$n$$n$$n=2 n, \quad m \in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$$m=1$$$a^{2 n}-b^{2 m}=a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)$$$\Rightarrow(a+b)$$a^2-b^2$$m=1$$n=2$$m=k$$$a^{2 k}-b^{2 k}=Q(a+b)$$$Q$$m=k+1$\begin{align}a^{2(k+1)}-b^{2(k-1)} &amp; =a^{2 k+2}-b^{2 k+2} \\
&amp; =…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p1?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(x^2-\dfrac{1}{y})^4$\begin{align}(x^2-\dfrac{1}{y})^4&amp;=(x^2)^4+{ }^4 C_1(x^2)^3(-\dfrac{1}{y})+ \\
&amp; { }^4 C_2(x^2)^2(-\dfrac{1}{y})^2+{ }^4 C_3(x^2)(-\dfrac{1}{y})^3 + { }^4 C_4(-\dfrac{1}{y})^4 \\
&amp; =x^8- \dfrac{4x^6}{y}+\dfrac{6x^4}{y^2}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p2?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$4^{th}$$(2+a)^7$$\ln$$n=7$$a=2$$b=a$$$T_{r+1}=\frac{7 !}{(7-r) ! r !}(2)^{7-r } a^r $$$4^{\text {th }}$$r=3$\begin{align}
&amp; T_{3+1}=\dfrac{7 !}{(7-3) ! 3 !} 2^{7-3} a^3 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow T_4=\dfrac{7 !}{4 ! 3 !} \cdot 2^4 a^3 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p3?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x$$(\dfrac{4 x^2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{2 x})$$n=9, \quad a=\dfrac{4 x^2}{3}$$b=-\dfrac{3}{2 x}$$T_{r+1}$$x$$T_{r+1}$\begin{align}T_{r+1}&amp;=\dfrac{9 !}{(9-r) ! r !}(\dfrac{4 x^2}{3})^{9-r}(-\dfrac{3}{2 x})^r \\
&amp; =\dfrac{9 !}{(9-r) ! r !} \cdot \dfrac…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p4?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x^{23}$$(x^2-x)^{20}$$n=20, \quad a=x^2$$b=-x$$T_{r, 1}$$x^{23}$\begin{align}T_{r-1}&amp;=\dfrac{20 !}{(20-r) ! r !}(x^2)^{20 r}(-x)^r \\
&amp; =\dfrac{20 !}{(20-r) ! r !}(-1)^r \cdot x^{40-2 r+r} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{20 !}{(20-r) ! r !}(-1)^r x^{40-r}\end{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p5?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(\dfrac{a}{x}+b x)^8$$a=\dfrac{a}{x}$$b=b x$$n=8$$n-8$$8+1=9$$$(\dfrac{8+2}{2})^{t h}=5^{t h}$$T_{r+1}$$$T_{r+1}=\dfrac{8 !}{(8-r) ! r !}(\dfrac{a}{x})^{8-r}(b x)^r$$$T_5$$r=4$\begin{align}T_5&amp;=\dfrac{8 !}{(8-4) ! 4 !}(\dfrac{a}{x})^{8-4}(b …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p6?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(2 \sqrt{x}-\dfrac{3}{x \sqrt{x}})^{23}$$a=2 \sqrt{x}$$b=-\dfrac{3}{x \sqrt{x}}$$n=23$$x$\begin{align}
T_{r+1}&amp;=\dfrac{23 !}{(23-r) ! r !}(2 \sqrt{x})^{23-r}(-\dfrac{3}{x \sqrt{x}})^r \\
&amp; =\dfrac{23 !}{(23-r) ! r !} \cdot 2^{23-r} \cdot(-3)…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p7?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(2+\sqrt{3})^5+(2-\sqrt{3})^5$\begin{align}(2+\sqrt{3})^5+(2 \cdot \sqrt{3})^5&amp; =[(2)^5+{ }^5 C_1 \cdot 2^4 \cdot \sqrt{3}+{ }^5 C_2 \cdot 2^3 \cdot(\sqrt{3})^2 \\
&amp; +^5 C_3 \cdot 2^2 \cdot(\sqrt{3})^4+{ }^5 C_4 \cdot 2 \cdot(\sqrt{3})^4 \\
…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p8?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(3-2 x)^{10}$$x=\frac{3}{4}$$\left(3-2,1^{10}=3^{10}\left(1-\frac{3 x}{2}\right)^{10}\right.$$\left(1-\frac{3 x}{2}\right)^{10}$$p+1$$: 3-\mathbf{2}_1 1^{10}$$T_{5} !=\left(\begin{array}{c}10 \\ 5\end{array}\right) 3^{10} 5-2 \gamma^{15}$$x=…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(x-y)=&quot;$$x=12$$y-4$$x=12$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; \left(x \quad y=20(12-y)^{20}\right. \\
&amp; =12^{2 n}\left(\begin{array}{ll}
1 &amp; \frac{y}{12}
\end{array}\right)^{31}
\end{aligned}
$$$\frac{(n+1) \cdot x}{1+|x|}$$\left(\frac{1}{12}\right)^2 \cdot…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p10?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$n=2 ;$$s=2^{n-1}$$$
\left.(1+x)^n=\left(\begin{array}{l}
n \\
\vdots
\end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{l}
m \\
1
\end{array}\right) x+\left(\begin{array}{l}
n \\
2
\end{array}\right) x^2-\ldots+i_n^*\right) x^n \cdot
$$$x=1$$(1 \div 1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p11?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:58+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Exercise 7.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-2-p11?rev=1737476038&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Exercise 7.2

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 7.2 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(1+x)^n$$\left(\begin{array}{l}n \\ r\end{array}\right)=\mathrm{C}_r$$\mathrm{C}_1+2 \mathrm{C}_2 x+3 \mathrm{C}_3 x^2+\ldots \ldots . .+\mathrm{nC}_{\mathrm{n}} x^{\mathrm{n}-1}=\mathrm{n}(1+x)^{\mathrm{n}-1}$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\frac{1}{2}$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; (1-x)^{\frac{1}{2}}=1+\frac{1}{2} x+ \\
&amp; \frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}-1\right)}{2 !}(-x)^2
\end{aligned}
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; +\frac{-\frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(-\frac{1}{2}-2\right…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sqrt{26}$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; \sqrt{26}=\sqrt{25+1} \\
&amp; =\sqrt{25} \sqrt{1+\frac{1}{25}}=5\left[1+\frac{1}{25}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}
\end{aligned}
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; \sqrt{26}=5\left[1+\frac{1}{25}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}} \\
&amp; =5\left[1+\f…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}}$$x^3$$\sqrt{\frac{1-x}{1+x}}$$$
=(1-x)^{\frac{1}{2}}(1+x)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \text {. }
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; (1-x)^{\frac{1}{2}}(1+x)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\
&amp; =\left[1-\frac{x}{2}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right)}{2…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x$$x^2$$x$$$
\sqrt{\frac{1-3 x}{1+4 x}}=1-\frac{7 x}{2}
$$$$
\sqrt{\frac{1-3 x}{1-4 x}}=(1-3 x)^{\frac{1}{2}}(1+4 x)^{-\frac{1}{2}}
$$$x^2$$x$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; =\left(1-\frac{3 x}{2}\right) \times\left(1-\frac{4 x}{2}\right) \\
&amp; =\left(1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x$$x^2$$x$$$
\frac{(8+3 x)^{\frac{2}{3}}}{(2+3 x) \sqrt{4-5 x}}=1-\frac{5 x}{8}
$$$$
\frac{\sqrt[4]{3}-3 x j^{\frac{2}{3}}}{2 \cdot 3 x+4-5 x}
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; =\frac{8^{\frac{2}{3}}\left(1+\frac{3 x}{8}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x^4$$(1-x)^{\frac{1}{4}}+(1-x)^{\frac{1}{4}}=a-b x^2$$a$$b$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; (1+x)^{\frac{1}{4}}+(1-x)^{\frac{1}{4}} \\
&amp; =\left[1+\frac{x}{4}+\frac{\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4}-1\right)}{2 !} x^2+\right. \\
&amp; \left.\frac{\fra…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x^{\prime \prime}$$\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right)^2$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; \left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right)^2=(1+x)^2(1-x)^{-2} \\
&amp; =\left(x^2+2 x+1\right)(1-x)^2
\end{aligned}
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; =\left(x^2+2 x+1\right)[1+2 x+ \\
&amp; \frac{-2(-2-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1.3}{2 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^4}+\ldots$$(1+x)^n$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; 1+n x+\frac{n(n-1)}{2 !} x^2 \\
&amp; +\frac{n(n-1(n-2))}{3 !} x^3+\ldots
\end{aligned}
$$$n x=-\frac{1}{4}$$\frac{n(n-1)}{2 !} x^2=\frac{1.3}{2 !} \cdot …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$y=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1.3}{2 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1 \cdot 3 \cdot 5}{3 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^6}+\ldots$$y^2+2 y-1=0$$y=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1.3}{2 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1.3 \cdot 5}{3 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^6}+\ldots$$$
S=y+1=1+\f…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$2 y=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1.3}{2 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1.3 \cdot 5}{3 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^6}+\ldots$$4 y^2+4 y-1=0$$$
2 y=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1.3}{2 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1.3 \cdot 5}{3 !} \cdot \frac{1}{2^6}+\ldots
$$$S=2 y+1=…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x$$x^3$$x$$n^{\text {th }}$$1+x$$\frac{2 n+(n+1) x}{2 n+(n-1) x}$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; (1+x)^{\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{2 n+(n+1) x}{2 n+(n-1) x} \\
&amp; \frac{2 n+(n+1) x}{2 n+(n-1) x} \\
&amp; =1+\frac{1}{n} x+\frac{\frac{1}{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-1\right…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 Exercise 7.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/ex7-3-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 Exercise 7.3

Solutions of Question 14 of Exercise 7.3 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$x$$p x^p-q x^q=(p-q) x^{p+q}$$x$$x=1+h$$h \longrightarrow 0$$$
p x^p-q x^q=p(1+h)^p-q(1+h)^q
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; p x^p-q x^q \\
&amp; =p(1+p h+\text { higher powers h) } \\
&amp; -q(1+q h+\text { higher powcrs } h) \\
&amp; \Rightarrow p x^p-q x^q=…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.
Chose the correct option.
&lt;panel&gt;$O, P, Q, R, S, T, U$$2520$$9040$$5140$$4880$$\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\}$$14$$42$$28$$21$$\{1,2,3,4,6,7,8\}$$3$$7$$120$$180$$144$$96$$\dfrac{(n+2) !(n-2) !}{(n+1) !(n-1) !}$$(n-3)$$(\dot{n}-1)$$\dfrac{n+1}{n…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 2 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\left(2 x^3+3 y\right)^8$$a=2 x^3$$b=3 y$$n=8$$n=8$$\frac{8+2}{2}=5$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; T_5=\frac{8 !}{(8-4) ! 4 !}\left(2 x^3\right)^{8-4}(3 y)^4 \\
&amp; T_5=70.2^4 \cdot 3^4 \cdot x^{12} \cdot y^4 \\
&amp; =90720 x^{12} y^4
\end{aligne…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$(2 x-4 y)^7$$n=7, a=2 x$$b=-4 y$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; T_{3+1}=\frac{7 !}{(7-3) ! 3 !}(2 x)^{7 \cdot 3}(-4 y)^3 \\
&amp; =\frac{7 !}{(7-3) ! 3 !} \cdot\left(2^4\right) \cdot(-4)^3 \cdot x^4 y^3 \\
&amp; \Rightarrow T_4=-35840 x^4 y^3…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\left(\frac{2}{x^2}+\frac{x^2}{2}\right)^{10}$$n=10, a^{\prime}=\frac{2}{x^2}$$b=\frac{x^2}{2}$$T_{r+1}$$x$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; T_{r+1}=\frac{10 !}{(10-r) ! r !}\left(\frac{2}{x^2}\right)^{10 r}\left(\frac{x^2}{2}\right)^r …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$7^n-3^n$$n=1$$7^k-3^k=7-4=4$$n=1$$n=k&gt;1$$7^n-3^n=4 Q$$Q$$n=k+1$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; 7^{k+1}-3^{k+1}=7.7^k-3.3^k \\
&amp; =(4+3) \cdot 7^k-3.3^k \\
&amp; =4.7^k+3.7^k-3.3^k
\end{aligned}
$$$$
\begin{aligned}
&amp; =4.7^k+3\left[7^k-3^k\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 Review Exercise 7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit07/re-ex7-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 Review Exercise 7

Solutions of Question 11 of Review Exercise 7 of Unit 07: Permutation, Combination and Probablity. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. There are four parts in Question 1.$\sin {{37}^{\circ }}\cos {{22}^{\circ }}+\cos {{37}^{\circ }}\sin {{22}^{\circ }}$\begin{align} \sin (\alpha +\beta )=\sin \alpha \cos \beta +\cos \alpha \sin \beta, \end{align}\begin{a…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \dfrac{\pi }{12}$$\dfrac{\pi }{12}$$\dfrac{\pi }{3}-\dfrac{\pi }{4}$\begin{align}\sin (\alpha -\beta )=\sin \alpha \cos \beta -\cos \alpha \sin.\end{align}\begin{align} \Rightarrow \quad \sin \left( \frac{\pi }{3}-\f…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin u=\dfrac{3}{5}$$\sin v=\dfrac{4}{5}$$u$$v$$0$$\dfrac{\pi }{2}$$\cos \left( u+v \right)$$\sin u=\dfrac{3}{5},$$0\le u\le \dfrac{\pi }{2}.$$\sin v=\dfrac{4}{5},$$0\le v\le \dfrac{\pi }{2}.$$\cos u=\pm \sqrt{1-{{\sin }^…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \alpha =-\dfrac{4}{5}$$\cos \beta =-\dfrac{12}{13}$$\alpha $$\beta $$\sin \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)$$\sin \alpha=-\dfrac{4}{5}$$\alpha$$\sin \beta=-\dfrac{12}{13}$$\beta$$$\cos \alpha=\pm \sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}.$$$\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\tan \alpha =\dfrac{3}{4}$$\sec \beta =\dfrac{13}{5}$$\alpha$$\beta$$\sin \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)$$\tan\alpha =\dfrac{3}{4}$$\tan\alpha$$\alpha$\begin{align}{{\sec}^{2}}\alpha &amp;=1+{{\tan}^{2}}\alpha\\
\Rightarrow \q…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos \alpha =2{{\cos }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}-1=1-2{{\sin }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}$\begin{align}\cos \alpha &amp;=\cos 2\dfrac{\alpha }{2}\\
&amp;={{\cos }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}-{{\sin }^{2}}\dfrac{\alpha }{2}\\ 
&amp;={{\cos }^{2}}…</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cot \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)=\dfrac{\cot \alpha \cot \beta -1}{\cot \alpha +\cot \beta }$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\cot (\alpha +\beta )\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{\tan (\alpha +\beta )}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{1}{\,\dfrac{\tan \alpha +\tan \beta…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\tan \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \right)=\dfrac{\cos \theta +\sin \theta }{\cos \theta -\sin \theta }$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\tan \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \right)\\ 
&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \ri…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{\sin \theta }{\sec 4\theta }+\dfrac{\cos \theta }{\cos ec4\theta }=\sin 5\theta $\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta }{\sec 4\theta }+\dfrac{\cos \theta }{\cos ec4\theta }\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta }…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question11 and 12, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question11 and 12, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 11 and 12 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\alpha$$\beta$$\gamma$$ABC$$\cot \dfrac{\alpha }{2}+\cot \dfrac{\beta }{2}+\cot \dfrac{\gamma }{2}=\cot \dfrac{\alpha }{2}\cot \dfrac{\beta }{2}\cot \dfrac{\gamma }{2}$$\alpha$$\beta$$\gamma$\begin{align}&amp;\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 10.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-1-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 10.1

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 10.1 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$r\,\,\sin \left( \theta +\phi  \right)$$\theta$$\phi$$4\sin \theta +3\cos \theta .$$4\sin \theta +3\cos \theta$$r\sin(\theta + \varphi)$$$4\sin \theta +3\cos \theta=r\cos\varphi\sin\theta+r\sin\varphi\cos\theta --- (1)$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. There are four parts in Question 1.$\sin 2\theta ,\,\,\cos 2\theta$$\tan 2\theta$$\tan \theta =-\dfrac{1}{5}$$\theta$$\sin \theta =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{26}}$$\cos \theta =\dfrac{-5}{\sqrt{26}}$\begin{align}\sin 2\theta &amp;=2\sin…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \theta =\dfrac{5}{13}$$\theta $$\sin 2\theta $$\sin \theta =\dfrac{5}{13}$$$\cos \theta =\pm \sqrt{1-{{\sin }^{2}}\theta }.$$$\theta$$\cos$\begin{align}\cos\theta &amp;=-\sqrt{1-{{\sin }^{2}}\theta }\\
&amp;=-\sqrt{1-\left(\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \theta =\dfrac{4}{5}$$\theta$$\sin2\theta$$\sin \theta =\dfrac{4}{5}$$\theta$$\cos \theta =-\dfrac{3}{5}$\begin{align}\sin 2\theta &amp;=2\sin \theta \cos \theta \\
&amp;=2\left( \dfrac{4}{5} \right)\left( -\dfrac{3}{5} \rig…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 and 5, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 and 5, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 4 and 5 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos \theta =-\dfrac{3}{7}$$\theta $$\sin \dfrac{\theta }{2}$$\cos \theta =-\dfrac{3}{7}$$\theta$\begin{align}&amp;\pi &lt; \theta &lt; \dfrac{3\pi}{2} \\
\implies &amp;\frac{\pi}{2} &lt; \frac{\theta}{2} &lt; \dfrac{3\pi}{4}\end…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos {{15}^{\circ }}$${{15}^{\circ }}=\dfrac{{{30}^{\circ }}}{2}$$\dfrac{\theta }{2}=\dfrac{{{30}^{\circ }}}{2}$$\cos {{15}^{\circ }}$\begin{align}\cos {{15}^{\circ }}&amp;=\cos \dfrac{{{30}^{\circ }}}{2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1+\cos …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{\cos }^{4}}\theta -{{\sin }^{4}}\theta =\dfrac{1}{\sec 2\theta }$\begin{align}L.H.S&amp;={{\cos }^{4}}\theta -{{\sin }^{4}}\theta \\ 
&amp;=\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta -{{\sin }^{2}}\theta  \right)\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta +{{\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 10.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 10.2

Solutions of Question 8 and 9 of Exercise 10.2 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{\cos }^{4}}\theta $\begin{align}{{\cos}^{4}}\theta &amp;={{\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\theta  \right)}^{2}}\\
&amp;={{\left( \dfrac{1+\cos 2\theta }{2} \right)}^{2}}\\ 
&amp;=\dfrac{1+2\cos 2\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}2\theta }{4}\\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan. There are four parts in Question 1.$2\sin 6x\sin x$$$-2\sin \alpha \sin \beta =\cos (\alpha +\beta )-\cos (\alpha -\beta ).$$$\alpha =6x$$\beta =x$\begin{align}-\,2\sin 6x\sin x&amp;=\cos (6x+x)-\cos (6x-x)\\
&amp;=\cos 7x-\cos x…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\sin {{37}^{\circ }}+\sin {{43}^{\circ }}.$$$$\sin \alpha +\sin \beta =2\sin \left( \dfrac{\alpha +\beta }{2} \right)\cos \left( \dfrac{\alpha -\beta }{2} \right).$$$\alpha ={{37}^{\circ }}$$\beta ={{43}^{\circ }}$\begin…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\dfrac{\cos {{75}^{\circ }}+\cos {{15}^{\circ }}}{\sin {{75}^{\circ }}-\sin {{15}^{\circ }}}=\sqrt{3}.$$$$\cos \alpha +\cos \beta =2\cos \left( \dfrac{\alpha +\beta }{2} \right)\cos \left( \dfrac{\alpha -\beta }{2} \righ…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$$\cos {{20}^{\circ }}\cos {{40}^{\circ }}\cos {{60}^{\circ }}\cos {{80}^{\circ }}=\dfrac{1}{16}.$$$2\cos \alpha \cos \beta =\cos \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)+\cos \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\cos {…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 10.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/ex10-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 10.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 10.3 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos {{20}^{\circ }}\cos {{40}^{\circ }}\cos {{60}^{\circ }}\cos {{80}^{\circ }}=\dfrac{1}{16}$$2\cos \alpha \cos \beta =\cos \left( \alpha +\beta  \right)+\cos \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)$\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\cos {{20…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos {{50}^{\circ }}5{0}&#039;\cos {{9}^{\circ }}1{0}&#039;-\sin {{50}^{\circ }}5{0}&#039;\sin {{9}^{\circ }}1{0}&#039;=$$0$$\dfrac{1}{2}$$1$$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$$\tan {{15}^{\circ }}=2-\sqrt{3}$${{\cot }^{2}}{{75}^{\circ }}$$7+\sq…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\dfrac{2\sin \theta \sin 2\theta }{\cos \theta +\cos 3\theta }=\tan 2\theta \tan \theta $\begin{align}L.H.S.&amp;=\dfrac{2\sin \theta \sin 2\theta }{\cos \theta +\cos 3\theta }\\
&amp;=\dfrac{2\sin \theta \s…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.${{\sin }^{2}}\dfrac{\theta }{2}=\dfrac{\sin \theta \tan \dfrac{\theta }{2}}{2}$\begin{align}R.H.S.&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta \tan \dfrac{\theta }{2}}{2}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\sin \theta \sin \dfrac{\theta }{2}}{2\cos \d…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 &amp; 7, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 &amp; 7, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 6 &amp; 7 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\cos 4\theta =1-8{{\sin }^{2}}\theta {{\cos }^{2}}\theta $\begin{align}L.H.S&amp;=\cos 4\theta \\
&amp;=\cos 2\left( 2\theta  \right)\\
&amp;=1-2\sin^2 2\theta \\
&amp;=1-2{{\left( 2\sin\theta \cos \theta  \right)}^{2}}…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 &amp; 9, Review Exercise 10</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-kpk/sol/unit10/re-ex10-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 &amp; 9, Review Exercise 10

Solutions of Question 8 &amp; 9 of Review Exercise 10 of Unit 10: Trigonometric Identities of Sum and Difference of Angles. This is unit of A Textbook of Mathematics for Grade XI is published by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board (KPTB or KPTBB) Peshawar, Pakistan.$\sin \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}-\theta  \right)\sin \left( \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\theta  \right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\cos 2\theta $$2\sin \alpha \sin \beta =\cos \left( \alpha -\beta  \right)-\cos \left( \alpha +\beta  \r…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1(i)
${{i}^{31}}$\begin{align}{{i}^{31}}&amp;=i\cdot{{i}^{30}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot{{\left( {{i}^{2}} \right)}^{15}}\\
&amp;=i\cdot{{\left( -1 \right)}^{15}} \quad \because i^2=-1\\
&amp;=i\cdot(-1)\\
&amp;=-i.\end{align}${{\left( -i \right)}^{6}}$\begin{align}
{{\left…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 2(i)
$x+iy$$(3+2i)+(2+4i)$\begin{align}&amp;(3+i2)+(2+i4)\\
=&amp;(3+2)+(i2+i4)\\
=&amp;5+i6\end{align}$x+iy$$(4+3i)-(2+5i)$\begin{align}&amp;(4+3i)-(2+5i)\\
=&amp;(4-2)+(3i-5i)\\
=&amp;2-2i\end{align}$x+iy$$(4+7i)+(4-7i)$\begin{align}
&amp;(4+7i)+(4-7i)\\
=&amp;(4+4)+(7i-7i…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 3(i)
$\dfrac{(2+i)(3-2i)}{1+i}$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{(2+i)(3-2i)}{1+i}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{6-2i^2+3i-4i}{1+i}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{8-i}{1+i}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{8-i}{1+i}\times \dfrac{1-i}{1-i}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{8+i^2-8i-i}{1^2-i^2}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{7-9i}{2}\\
=&amp;\dfrac{7}{2}-\dfrac{9}…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 4(i)
$x$$y$$(2+3i)x+(1+3i)y+2=0$\begin{align}&amp;(2+3i)x+(1+3i)y+2=0\\
\implies &amp;(2x+y+2)+(3x+3y)i=0.\end{align}\begin{align}
2x+y+2&amp;=0 \quad \cdots(1)\\
3x+3y&amp;=0\quad \cdots (2)
\end{align}\begin{align}
&amp;3x=-3y \\
x=-y \quad ... (3) \end{align}$…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 5
$z$$4z-3\bar{z}=\dfrac{1-18i}{2-i}$$z=x+iy$$\bar{z}=x-iy$\begin{align}&amp;4z-3\bar{z}=\dfrac{1-18i}{2-i}\\
\implies &amp;4(x+iy)-3(x-iy)=\dfrac{1-18i}{2-i}\times \dfrac{2+i}{2+i}\\
\implies &amp;4x+4iy-3x+3iy=\dfrac{(1-18i)(2+i)}{2^2-i^2} \end{align}\b…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 6(i)
$4-3 i$$z=4-3 i$$\bar{z}=4+3i$$3 i+8$$2+\sqrt{\dfrac{-1}{5}}$\begin{align}z=&amp;2+\sqrt{\dfrac{-1}{5}}\\
=&amp;2+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}i,\end{align}$$\bar{z}=2-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}i$$$\dfrac{5 }{2}i-\dfrac{7}{8}$$z=\dfrac{5 }{2}i-\dfrac{7}{8},$$\bar…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-1-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.1

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.1 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 7(i)
$11+12 i$$$z=11+12i$$\begin{align}|z|&amp;= \sqrt{(11)^2+(12)^2}\\
&amp;=\sqrt{265}\end{align}$|11+12 i|=\sqrt{265}$$(2+3 i)-(2+6 i)$$z=(2+3i)−(2+6i)$\begin{align}z&amp;=2+3i−2−6i\\
&amp;=-3i \end{align}\begin{align}
|z| &amp;= \sqrt{0^2+(-3)^2} \\
&amp;= \sqrt{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1(i)
$\operatorname{Re}(i z)=-\operatorname{Im}(z)$$$z=x+iy$$\begin{align}
iz&amp;=i(x+iy)\\
&amp;=ix-y\end{align}\begin{align}Re(iz)&amp;=-y\\
\implies Re(iz)&amp;=-Im(z)\end{align}$\operatorname{Im}(i z)=\operatorname{Re}(z)$$$z=x+iy$$\begin{align}iz&amp;=i(x+i…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 2
$$
\left(z_{1} z_{2}\right)\left(z_{3} z_{4}\right)=\left(z_{1} z_{3}\right)\left(z_{2} z_{4}\right)=z_{3}\left(z_{1} z_{2}\right) z_{4}
$$\begin{align}
&amp;(z_1 z_2)(z_3 z_4) \\
=&amp;(z_1 z_2)z_5 \quad \text {Let }z_5=z_3 z_4 \\
=&amp;z_1 (z_2 z_5) \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 3(i)
$z \in \mathbb{C}$$z$$z=\bar{z}$$$z=a+ib\quad \text{where}\quad a,b\in \mathbb{R}\, ... (1)$$$z$$\overline{z}=z$$z$$z$$b=0$\begin{align}
&amp;z=a \\
\implies &amp;\bar{z}=a \end{align}$z=\bar{z}$$\overline{z}=z$$z$\begin{align}&amp; z=\bar{z}\\
\Righ…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 4
$z_{1}=2-3 i$$\left|z_{1} z_{2}\right|=16$$\left|z_{2}\right|$$$z_{1}=2-3i$$\begin{align}|z_1|&amp;=\sqrt{(2)^2+(-3)^2}\\
&amp;=\sqrt{13}\end{align}\begin{align}&amp;|z_{1} z_{2}|=16\\
\Rightarrow \quad &amp;|z_{1}|| z_{2}|=16\\
\Rightarrow \quad &amp; \sqrt{13…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 5
$z_1$$z_2$$|z_1+z_2|^2-|z_1-z_2|^2=4Re(z_1)Re(z_2)$\begin{align}z_1&amp;=x_1+iy_1 \text{ and } z_2&amp;=x_2+iy_2\end{align}\begin{align}z_1+z_2&amp;=x_1+iy_1+x_2+iy_2\\
 &amp;=x_1+x_2+i(y_1+y_2)\\
|z_1+z_2|^2&amp;=(x_1+x_2)^2+(y_1+y_2)^2\\
 &amp;=x^2_1+x^2_2+2x_1x_…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 6
$\lambda$$\left|\dfrac{z_{1}}{z_{2}}+\lambda\right|=\sqrt{\lambda+2}$$z_{1}=3+i$$z_{2}=1+i$\begin{align} &amp;z_{1}=3+i\text{ and } z_{2}=1+i.\end{align}\begin{align}
\dfrac{z_1}{z_2} &amp;= \dfrac{3+i}{1+i}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{(3+i)(1-i)}{(1+i)(1-i)} \\
&amp;=\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 7
$\sqrt{2}|z| \geq|\operatorname{Re}(z)|+|\operatorname{Im}(z)| \quad$$\left(|x|-|y|)^{2} \geq 0\right)$\begin{align}
&amp;\left(|x|-|y|)^{2} \geq 0\right) \\
\implies &amp; |x|^2+|y|^2-2|x||y| \geq 0 \\
\implies &amp; |x|^2+|y|^2 \geq 2|x||y| \\
\implie…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 8(i)
$|2 z-i|=4$$x$$y$$z=x+i y$$$|2z-i|=4.$$$z=x+i y$\begin{align}
&amp; |2(x+iy)-i|=4 \\
\implies &amp; |2x+i(2y-1)|=4 \\
\implies &amp; \sqrt{(2x)^2+(2y-1)^2}=4
\end{align}\begin{align}
&amp; (2x)^2+(2y-1)^2 = 16\\
\implies &amp; 4x^2+4y^2-4y+1-16=0 \\
\implies…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 9(i)
$(2+4 i)^{-1}$$z=2+4i$\begin{align}
Re(2+4i)^{-1} &amp; = Re(z^{-1}) = \dfrac{Re(z)}{|z|^2} \\
&amp; =\dfrac{2}{2^2+4^2} = \dfrac{2}{20}\\ 
&amp;= \dfrac{1}{10}.
\end{align}\begin{align}
Im(2+4i)^{-1} &amp; = Im(z^{-1}) = -\dfrac{Im(z)}{|z|^2} \\
&amp; =-\df…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 1.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-2-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 1.2

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 1.2 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 10(i)
$z_{1}=-3+2 i$$$\left|z_{1}\right|=\left|-z_{1}\right|=\left|\overline{z_{!}}\right|=\left|-\overline{z_{!}}\right|.$$\begin{align}
|z_1| &amp;= \sqrt{(-3)^2 + (2)^2} \\ 
&amp;= \sqrt{9 + 4} = \sqrt{13} \,\, -- (1)
\end{align}\begin{align}
-z_…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1(i)
$z^{2}+169$\begin{align} 
&amp; z^{2} + 169 \\
= &amp; z^{2} - (13i)^2 \\
= &amp;(z + 13i)(z - 13i).
\end{align}$2 z^{2}+18$\begin{align}
&amp; 2z^2 + 18 \\
= &amp;2(z^2 - (3i)^2)\\ 
= &amp;2(z + 3i)(z - 3i)
\end{align}$3 z^{2}+363$\begin{align}
&amp; 3z^2 + 363 \\ …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 2(i)
$z^{2}-6 z+2=0$\begin{align} &amp; z^2 - 6z + 2 = 0 \\
\implies &amp; z^2 - 2(3)(z)+9-9+2=0 \\
\implies &amp; (z - 3)^2+7= 0 \\
\implies &amp;  (z - 3)^2 = 7.
\end{align}\begin{align} &amp;z - 3 = \pm \sqrt{7} \\
 \implies &amp;z = 3 \pm \sqrt{7}\end{align}$\{3 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 3(i)
$\dfrac{1}{3} z^{2}+2 z-16=0$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{1}{3}z^{2}+2 z-16=0\\
\implies &amp;z^{2} + 6z - 48 = 0 \end{align}$$ z = \dfrac{{-b \pm \sqrt{{b^2 - 4ac}}}}{2a},$$$$a = 1,\quad  b = 6,\quad \text{and}\quad  c = -48.$$\begin{align} 
z&amp; = \d…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 1.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 1.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 1.3 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 4(i)
$(1-i) z+(1+i) \omega=3 ; 2 z-(2+5 i) \omega=2+3 i$\begin{align}
&amp;(1-i) z+(1+i) \omega=3 \quad \cdots(1)\\
&amp;2 z-(2+5 i) \omega=2+3i \quad\cdots(2)
\end{align}$2$\begin{align}
&amp;(2-2i)z+(2+2i) \omega=6  \quad \cdots (3)
\end{align}$(1-i)$\b…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1(i)
$2+i 2 \sqrt{3}$$z=x+iy=2 + i 2 \sqrt{3}$\begin{align} 
r &amp; = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} = \sqrt{2^2 + (2\sqrt{3})^2} \\
 &amp; = \sqrt{4 + 12} = \sqrt{16} = 4.
\end{align}\begin{align}
\alpha &amp; = \tan^{-1}\left|\frac{y}{x}\right| = \tan^{-1}\left|\fra…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 2(i)
$\left(\cos \dfrac{\pi}{6}+i \sin \dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\left(\cos \dfrac{\pi}{3}+i \sin \dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)$$z_1=\cos \dfrac{\pi}{6}+i \sin \dfrac{\pi}{6}=e^{i\frac{\pi}{6}}$$z_2=\cos \dfrac{\pi}{3}+i \sin \dfrac{\pi}{3}=e^{i\frac{\pi}{…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 3(i)
$\left(x_{1}+i y_{1}\right)\left(x_{2}+i y_{2}\right)\left(x_{3}+i y_{3}\right) \ldots\left(x_{n}+i y_{n}\right)=a+i b$$\left(x_{1}^{2}+y_{1}^{2}\right)\left(x_{2}^{2}+y_{2}^{2}\right)\left(x_{3}^{2}+y_{3}^{2}\right) \ldots\left(x_{n}^{2}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 4
$\dfrac{1+z}{1-z}=\cos 2 \theta+i \sin 2 \theta$$z=i \tan \theta$\begin{align}&amp;\dfrac{1+z}{1-z}=\cos 2 \theta+i \sin 2 \theta\\
\implies &amp;\dfrac{1+z}{1-z}=e^{i2\theta}\\
\implies &amp;(1+z)=(1-z)e^{i2\theta}\\
\implies &amp;z+z e^{i2\theta}=e^{i2\th…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 5
$\cos \alpha+\cos \beta+\cos \gamma=\sin \alpha+\sin \beta+\sin \gamma=0$$\cos 3 \alpha+\cos 3 \beta+\cos 3 \gamma=3 \cos (\alpha+\beta+\gamma)$$\sin 3 \alpha+\sin 3 \beta+\sin 3 \gamma=3 \sin (\alpha+\beta+\gamma)$\begin{align}
\cos \alpha …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6(i-ix), Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6(i-ix), Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 6(i-ix) of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sqrt{2}\left(\cos 315^{\circ}+i \sin 315^{\circ}\right)$\begin{align}
&amp;\sqrt{2}\left(\cos 315^{\circ}+i \sin 315^{\circ}\right) \\
=&amp; \sqrt{2} \left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{i}{\sqrt{2}} \right) \\
=&amp; 1-i.
\end{align}$5\left(\cos 210^{\ci…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6(x-xvii), Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6(x-xvii), Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 6(x-xvii) of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $7 \sqrt{2}\left(\cos \dfrac{5 \pi}{4}+i \sin \dfrac{5 \pi}{4}\right)$$10 \sqrt{2}\left(\cos \dfrac{7 \pi}{4}+i \sin \dfrac{7 \pi}{4}\right)$$2\left(\cos\dfrac{5\pi}{2}+i \sin \dfrac{5\pi}{2}\right)$$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\cos \dfrac{\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 7(i)
$\arg (z-1)=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}$$z=x+iy$\begin{align*}
&amp;\arg (z-1)=-\dfrac{\pi}{4} \\
\implies &amp; \arg(x+iy-1) = -\dfrac{\pi}{4} \\
\implies &amp; \arg(x-1+iy) = -\dfrac{\pi}{4} \\
\implies &amp; \tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{y}{x-1}\right) = -\dfrac{\pi}{4} …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 8(i)
$0.004 \mathrm{~mm}$$\dfrac{\pi}{4}$$$x_{\max}=0.004, \quad \theta=\dfrac{\pi}{4}.$$\begin{align}
x&amp;=x_{\max} e^{i\theta} \\
&amp;=0.004 e^{i\dfrac{\pi}{4}} \\
&amp;=\frac{4}{1000} \left(\cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right) +i \sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{4}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 9(i)
$x=2+3 i$$x_{\max }=1+4 i$$\mathrm{t}=0$$$x=2+3i$$$$x_{\max}=1+4 i$$$$\implies x=x_{\max} e^{i\theta}$$$$2+3i=(1+4 i) e^{i\theta}$$\begin{align}
\implies e^{i\theta}&amp;=\dfrac{2+3i}{1+4i} \\
&amp;=\dfrac{(2+3i)(1-4i)}{(1+4i)(1-4i)} \\
&amp;=\dfrac{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 1.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/ex1-4-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 1.4

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 1.4 of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 10(i)
$Z$$E=(-50+100 i)$$I=(-6-2 i)$$E=(-50+100 i)$$I=(-6-2 i)$$$ E = I \times Z $$$$(-50+100 i)= (-6-2 i) \times Z $$\begin{align}
\implies Z &amp; = \dfrac{-50+100 i}{-6-2 i} \\
&amp; = \dfrac{(-50+100 i)(-6+2i)}{(-6-2 i)(-6+2i)}\\
&amp; = \dfrac{300-…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\operatorname{part}(\mathrm{s})$$z$$z$$(0,0)$$(1,0)$$(0,1)$$(1,1)$$z$$|z|$$1 / z$$-z$$\bar{z}$$x$$y$$x y$$z_{1}=3+2 i$$z_{2}=5+6 i$$z_{1}&gt;z_{2}$$z_{1}&lt;z_{2}$$\overline{z_{1}}=\overline{z_{2}}$$\overline{z_{1}}=-\overline{z_{2}}$$\mathrm{z}=3+4 i$$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $i^{2}+i^{4}+i^{6}+\cdots+i^{100}$\begin{align*}
&amp; i^{2}+i^{4}+i^{6}+\ldots+i^{100} \\
=&amp; i^2 + (i^2)^2 + (i^2)^3 + (i^2)^4 + \ldots +(i^2)^{49} +(i^2)^{50} \\
=&amp; -1 + (-1)^2 + (-1)^3 + (-1)^4 + \ldots + (-1)^{49}+(-1)^{50} \\
=&amp; -1+1-1+1- \ldots -…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $3 x^{2}+108$\begin{align*}
&amp; 3 x^{2}+108\\
=&amp;3 (x^{2}+36)\\
=&amp;3 (x^{2}-(6i)^2)\\
=&amp;3 (x+6i)(x-6i)
\end{align*}$4 x^{2}+40$\begin{align*}
&amp;4 x^{2}+40\\
=&amp;4 (x^{2}+10)\\
=&amp;4 (x^{2}+(\sqrt{10}i)^2)\\
=&amp;4 (x+\sqrt{10}i)(x-\sqrt{10}i)
\end{align*}</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $z=x+i y$$\left|\dfrac{z+2 i}{z-2 i}\right|=1$$z = x + iy$\begin{align*}
&amp; \left|\dfrac{z + 2i}{z - 2i}\right| = 1\\
\implies &amp; |z + 2i| = |z - 2i|\\
\implies &amp; |x + i(y + 2)| = |x + i(y - 2)|\\
\implies &amp;  \sqrt{x^2 + (y + 2)^2} = \sqrt{x^2 + (y -…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 5 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $z$$(z-3 i)(2+5 i)=3-4 i$$z$$(z-3 i)(2+5 i)=3-4 i$\begin{align*}
&amp;(z-3 i)(2+5 i)=3-4 i \\
\implies &amp; z-3 i=\dfrac{3-4 i}{2+5 i} \\
\implies &amp; z-3 i=\dfrac{(3-4 i)(2-5i)}{(2+5 i)(2-5i)}\\
\implies &amp; z-3 i=\dfrac{6-20-15i-8i}{4+25}\\
\implies &amp; z-3 i…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 6 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\dfrac{1}{i^{10}}+(2-i)^{2}+\sqrt{-25}\right]^{3}$\begin{align*}
&amp;\left[\dfrac{1}{i^{10}} + (2 - i)^2 + \sqrt{-25}\right]^3\\
=&amp;\left[\dfrac{1}{(i^2)^5} + ( 4 - 4i + i^2) + 5i \right]^3\\
=&amp;\left[\dfrac{1}{(-1)^5} + ( 4 - 4i -1) + 5i \right]…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 7 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 z^{2}-11 z+16=0$\begin{align*}
&amp;2 z^{2}-11 z+16=0\\
\implies&amp;z^2 - \dfrac{11}{2}z + 8 = 0\\
\implies&amp; z^2 - \dfrac{11}{2}z = -8\\
\implies&amp; z^2 - 2z\dfrac{11}{4}z + \dfrac{121}{16} = -8 + \dfrac{121}{16}\\
\implies&amp;\left(z-\dfrac{11}{4}\right)^2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit01/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 8 of Review Exercise of Unit 01: Complex Numbers. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sqrt{2}+i \sqrt{2}$$\theta=45^{\circ}$$$x= \sqrt{2} + i \sqrt{2}, \quad \theta=\dfrac{\pi}{4}.$$$x_{\max}$\begin{align}
&amp;x=x_{\max} e^{i\theta} \\
\implies &amp; \sqrt{2} + i \sqrt{2}=x_{\max} e^{i\dfrac{\pi}{4}} \\
\implies &amp; x_{\max} \left(\cos\dfr…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 &amp; 3 &amp; 0 \\ 2 &amp; 0 &amp; 1\end{array}\right]$\begin{align}\text{Order of A}&amp;= 2\times 3\end{align}$B=\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 3 \\ 3 &amp; 4\end{array}\right]$\begin{align}\text{Order of B}&amp;= 3\times 2\end{align}$C…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\quad A=\left[\begin{array}{lll}3 &amp; 6 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 9\end{array}\right]$$B=\left[\begin{array}{ll}\frac{1}{3} &amp; 1 \\ 2 &amp; 6\end{array}\right]$$C=\left[\begin{array}{l}3 \\ 2 \\ 8\end{array}\right]$$D=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 &amp; 6 &amp; 9 \\ 2 &amp; 0 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$A=\begin{bmatrix}
3 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\
2 &amp; 6 &amp; 0
\end{bmatrix}$$$$B=\begin{bmatrix}
-6 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; -6 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 0 &amp; -6
\end{bmatrix}$$$$C=\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
2 &amp; 0
\end{bmatrix}$$$$D=\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp;…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-1-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.1 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$
A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
2 &amp; 0 \\
\sqrt{5} &amp; 6 \\
1 &amp; 9
\end{array}\right]$$$$
A^t=\begin{bmatrix}
2 &amp; \sqrt{5} &amp; 1 \\
0 &amp; 6 &amp; 9
\end{bmatrix}$$$$B=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
1 &amp; 6 &amp; 2 &amp; 0
\end{array}\right] $$$$B^t=\left[\begin{array}{c}
1…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[a_{i j}\right]$$2 \times 2$$a_{i j}=\dfrac{i+3 j}{2}$\( a_{ij} = \dfrac{i + 3j}{2} \)\( i = 1, j = 1 \)\[
a_{11} = \dfrac{1 + 3 \cdot 1}{2} = \dfrac{1 + 3}{2} = \dfrac{4}{2} = 2
\]\( i = 1, j = 2 \)\[
a_{12} = \dfrac{1 + 3 \cdot 2}{2} …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}3 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\ 0 &amp; 6 &amp; 1 \\ -1 &amp; 0 &amp; -3\end{array}\right]$$B=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 &amp; 1 &amp; 7 \\ 0 &amp; 2 &amp; -1 \\ -3 &amp; 4 &amp; 2\end{array}\right]$$C$$A+B+C=0$$$A+B+C=0,$$$$C=-A-B.$$\begin{align*}
C&amp;=-\begin{bmatrix}3 &amp; -1 &amp;…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}3 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\ 0 &amp; 6 &amp; 1 \\ -1 &amp; 0 &amp; -3\end{array}\right]$$B=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 &amp; 1 &amp; 7 \\ 0 &amp; 2 &amp; -1 \\ -3 &amp; 4 &amp; 2\end{array}\right]$$C$$A+B+C=0$$$A+B+C=0,$$$$C=-A-B.$$\begin{align*}
C&amp;=-\begin{bmatrix}3 &amp; -1 &amp;…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A$\begin{align}\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 &amp; 1 \\  3 &amp; 2 \end{array}\right]A\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 &amp; 3 \\  2 &amp; 4 \end{array}\right]&amp;=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 &amp; 0 \\  0 &amp; 1 \end{array}\right]\end{align}$ B = \left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 &amp; 1 \\ 3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $X=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 &amp; 2 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 2 &amp; 1\end{array}\right]$$X^{2}-4 X-5 I=0$\begin{align}L.H.S. &amp; =X^{2}-4 X-5 I \\
&amp;=\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 2 &amp; 2 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 \\
2 &amp; 2 &amp; 1
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 2 &amp; 2 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 2…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{cc}2 &amp; 1 \\ 3 &amp; -3\end{array}\right]$$\alpha$$\beta$$A^{2}+\alpha I=\beta A$\begin{align}
&amp; A^{2}+\alpha I=\beta A\\
\implies &amp;\begin{bmatrix}
2 &amp; 1 \\
3 &amp; -3
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
2 &amp; 1 \\
3 &amp; -3
\end{bmatrix}+\a…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{ll}x &amp; 0 \\ y &amp; 1\end{array}\right]$$n, A^{n}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}x^{n} &amp; 0 \\ \dfrac{y\left(x^{n}-1\right)}{x-1} &amp; 1\end{array}\right]$$$A = \begin{bmatrix} x &amp; 0 \\ y &amp; 1 \end{bmatrix}.$$$n = 1$\begin{align}A^1 =\beg…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A$$B$$2 \times 3$$3 \times 2$$(A B)^{t}=B^{t} A^{t}$\( A \)\( B \)\( 2 \times 3 \)\( 3 \times 2 \)\begin{align*}
	A &amp;= \begin{bmatrix}
	a_{11} &amp; a_{12} &amp; a_{13} \\
	a_{21} &amp; a_{22} &amp; a_{23}
\end{bmatrix}\\
B &amp;= \begin{bmatrix}
	b_{11} &amp; b_{12}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A$$B$$3 \times 3$$(A+B)^{t}=A^{t}+B^{t}$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \begin{pmatrix} 
a_{11} &amp; a_{12} &amp; a_{13} \\ 
a_{21} &amp; a_{22} &amp; a_{23} \\ 
a_{31} &amp; a_{32} &amp; a_{33} 
\end{pmatrix} \\
B &amp;= \begin{pmatrix} 
b_{11} &amp; b_{12} &amp; b_{13} \\ 
b_{21} &amp; b_{22…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A$$B$$A B=B$$B A=A$$A^{2}+B^{2}$$$AB = B$$$$BA = A$$\begin{align*}
A^2 &amp;= AA\\
&amp; = A(BA)\\
&amp;=(AB)A\\
&amp;=BA\\
&amp;=A
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
B^2&amp;= BB \\
&amp;=B(AB)\\
&amp; = (BA)B\\
&amp;=AB\\
&amp;=B\end{align*}$$A^2 + B^2 = A + B$$$AB = B$$BA = A$$$A^2 + B…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[a_{i j}\right]$$3 \times 3$$a_{i j}=i^{2}-j^{2}$$A$$A=\left[a_{i j}\right]$$a_{ij}=a+{ji}$$a_{ij}=-a_{ji}$$a_{i j}=i^{2}-j^{2}$\begin{align}
a_{ji} &amp; = j^2 -i^2 \\
&amp;= - (i^2 -j^2) \\
&amp;= - a_{ij}
\end{align}$a_{ij}=-a_{ji}$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A$$\left(A^{n}\right)^{t}=\left(A^{t}\right)^{n}$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p13?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 2.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-2-p13?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 2.2

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 2.2 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $X$$Y$$2 X-Y=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 &amp; 6 &amp; -3 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 7\end{array}\right]$$X+3 Y=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}4 &amp; 3 &amp; 2 \\ 1 &amp; -3 &amp; 0\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
2X - Y = \begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 6 &amp; -3 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 7 \end{pmatrix} \cdots (i)\\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\ 1 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\ 4 &amp; 1 &amp; 2\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\ 1 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\ 4 &amp; 1 &amp; 2\end{array}\right]\\
|A|&amp;=2(-2-2)-3(2-8)+1(1+4)\\
\implies |A|&amp;=-8+18+5\\
\implies |…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{lll}3 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 \\ 4 &amp; 5 &amp; 1 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0\end{array}\right]$\(R_1\)\(a_{11} = 3\)\(a_{12} = 2\)\(a_{13} = 3\)\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \left[\begin{array}{ccc} 3 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 \\ 4 &amp; 5 &amp; 1 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \end{array}\right]\\
&amp; A_{11} = (-1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}3 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\ -4 &amp; 1 &amp; -3\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \left[\begin{array}{ccc} 3 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\ -4 &amp; 1 &amp; -3\end{array}\right]\end{align*}\(3 \times 3\)\begin{align*}
|A| &amp;= 3(3 \cdot (-3) …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\lambda$$\left[\begin{array}{lll}\lambda &amp; 1 &amp; 3 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 8 \\ 0 &amp; 3 &amp; 1\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \left[\begin{array}{ccc}
\lambda &amp; 1 &amp; 3 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 8 \\
0 &amp; 3 &amp; 1
\end{array}\right]\\
|A| &amp;= \lambda \cdot (-23) - 1 \cdot 2 + 3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 &amp; -1 &amp; 1 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; -1 \\ 1 &amp; -2 &amp; -1\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 &amp; -1 &amp; 1 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; -1 \\
1 &amp; -2 &amp; -1
\end{array}\right]\\
|A|&amp;=  1 [-1 - 2] + 1 [-2 + 1] + 1 [-4 - 1] \\
&amp;= 1 \cd…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 &amp; 1 &amp; -3 \\ 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 6\end{array}\right]$$A^{-1}$$A A^{-1}=A^{-1} A=I_{3}$\begin{align*} A &amp;= \begin{bmatrix}
2 &amp; 1 &amp; -3 \\
0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 6
\end{bmatrix} \end{align*}$ A^{-1} $$ A $\begin{align*}
…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 2.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-3-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 2.3

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 2.3 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $(A B)^{-1}=B^{-1} A^{-1}$$A=\left[\begin{array}{ll}2 &amp; 1 \\ 8 &amp; 6\end{array}\right]$$B=\left[\begin{array}{ll}3 &amp; 2 \\ 0 &amp; 2\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \left[\begin{array}{ll}2 &amp; 1 \\ 8 &amp; 6\end{array}\right] \\	
|A|&amp; = 12 - 8 = 4\\	…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-5-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-5-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.5

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.5 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 &amp; 3 &amp; 5 \\ -6 &amp; 8 &amp; 3 \\ -4 &amp; 6 &amp; 5\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}
&amp; \quad \left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 &amp; 3 &amp; 5 \\ -6 &amp; 8 &amp; 3 \\ -4 &amp; 6 &amp; 5\end{array}\right]\\
\sim &amp; \text{R}
\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 &amp; 3 &amp; 5 \\
0 &amp; …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-5-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-5-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.5

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.5 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}5 &amp; 9 &amp; 3 \\ 3 &amp; -5 &amp; 6 \\ 2 &amp; 10 &amp; 6\end{array}\right]$\begin{align*}&amp;\quad\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
5 &amp; 9 &amp; 3 \\ 
3 &amp; -5 &amp; 6 \\ 
2 &amp; 10 &amp; 6 
\end{array} \right]\\
\sim &amp; \text{R}\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
1 &amp; \frac{9}{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-5-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-5-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.5

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.5 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0 &amp; -1 &amp; -1 \\ -1 &amp; 3 &amp; 0 \\ 1 &amp; -1 &amp; 4\end{array}\right]$$A A^{-1}=A^{-1} A=I$\begin{align*}
A&amp;=\left[ \begin{array}{ccc}
0 &amp; -1 &amp; -1  \\ 
-1 &amp; 3 &amp; 0  \\ 
1 &amp; -1 &amp; 4 
\end{array} \right]\\
|A|&amp;=0+1(-4)-1(1-3)\\
&amp;=-4+3\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $ 2 x_{1}-3 x_{2}+4 x_{3}=0$$x_{1}-2 x_{2}+3 x_{3}=0$$4 x_{1}+x_{2}-6 x_{3}=0$\begin{align*}
&amp;2 x_{1}-3 x_{2}+4 x_{3}=0\cdots (i)\\
&amp;x_{1}-2 x_{2}+3 x_{3}=0\cdots (ii)\\
&amp;4 x_{1}+x_{2}-6 x_{3}=0\cdots (iii)\\
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \le…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\lambda$$\lambda$$2 x_{1}-\lambda x_{2}+x_{3}=0$$2 x_{1}+3 x_{2}-x_{3}=0$$3 x_{1}-2 x_{2}+4 x_{3}=0$\begin{align*}
&amp;2 x_{1}-\lambda x_{2}+x_{3}=0 \cdots(i)\\
&amp;2 x_{1}+3 x_{2}-x_{3}=0\cdots(ii)\\
&amp;3 x_{1}-2 x_{2}+4 x_{3}=0\cdots(iii)\\
\end{ali…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 x+3 y+4 z=2$$2 x+y+z=5$$3 x-2 y+z=-3$\begin{align*}
\begin{aligned}
2x + 3y + 4z &amp;= 2 \\
2x + y + z &amp;= 5 \\
3x - 2y + z &amp;= -3
\end{aligned}\end{align*}\begin{align*}
A_{b} &amp;=\quad \left[\begin{array}{cccc}
2 &amp; 3 &amp; 4 &amp; 2 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 1 &amp; 5 \\
3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 x_{1}-x_{2}-x_{3}=2$$3 x_{1}-4 x_{2}+3 x_{3}=7$$4 x_{1}+2 x_{2}-5 x_{3}=10$\begin{align*}
2x_1 - x_2 - x_3 &amp;= 2, \\
3x_1 - 4x_2 + 3x_3 &amp;= 7, \\
4x_1 + 2x_2 - 5x_3 &amp;= 10,
\end{align*}\begin{align*}	
A_b &amp;= \begin{bmatrix}
2 &amp; -1 &amp; -1 &amp; : &amp; 2 …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $x_{1}+x_{2}+2 x_{3}=8$$-x_{1}-2 x_{2}+3 x_{3}=1$$3 x_{1}-7 x_{2}+4 x_{3}=10$$A X=B$\begin{align*}
&amp;A = \begin{bmatrix}
1 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 \\
-1 &amp; -2 &amp; 3 \\
3 &amp; -7 &amp; 4
\end{bmatrix}, \quad
X = \begin{bmatrix}
x_1 \\
x_2 \\
x_3
\end{bmatrix}, \quad
B = \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $5 x+3 y+z=6$$2 x+y+3 z=19$$x+2 y+4 z=25$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \begin{bmatrix}
5 &amp; 3 &amp; 1 \\
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 3 \\
1 &amp; 2 &amp; 4
\end{bmatrix}, \quad
X = \begin{bmatrix}
x \\
y \\
z
\end{bmatrix}, \quad
B = \begin{bmatrix}
6 \\
19 \\
25
\end{bmatrix}
\end{alig…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}3 &amp; 2 &amp; 1 \\ 4 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\ 7 &amp; 3 &amp; -3\end{array}\right]$$A^{-1}$$3 x+4 y+7 z=14 ; 2 x-y+3 z=4 ; \quad x+2 y-3 z=0$\begin{align*}
A &amp;= \begin{bmatrix}
3 &amp; 2 &amp; 1 \\
4 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\
7 &amp; 3 &amp; -3
\end{bmatrix}\\
|…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 2.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/ex2-6-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 2.6

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 2.6 of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 x-y+3 z=\alpha ; 3 x+y-5 z=\beta ;-5 x-5 y+21 z=\gamma$$\gamma \neq 2 \alpha-3 \beta$$2$$2$$3$$3$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A$$m \times n$$B$$n \times p$$A B$$n \times p$$m \times p$$p \times m$$n \times n$$A$$1 \times n$$A^{t} A$$1 \times n$$n \times 1$$1 \times 1$$n \times n$$a_{i j}$$A$$a_{i j}=(-1)^{i+j} A_{i j}$$a_{i j}=(-1)^{i+j} M_{i j}$$\frac{A_{i j}}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0 \\ -3 &amp; 4 &amp; 9 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 6\end{array}\right]$$A_{13}, A_{23}$$A_{33}$$|A|$\begin{align*}
A&amp;=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 &amp; 2 &amp; 0 \\ -3 &amp; 4 &amp; 9 \\ 2 &amp; 1 &amp; 6\end{array}\right]\\
A_{13} &amp;= (-1)^{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 and 5, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit02/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 and 5, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 and 5 of Review Exercise of Unit 02: Matrices and Determinants. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a+1 &amp; l &amp; l \\ l &amp; a+1 &amp; l \\ l &amp; l &amp; a+1\end{array}\right|=(a+1+2 l)(a+1-l)^{2}$\begin{align*}
L.H.S &amp;= \left|\begin{array}{ccc}a+1 &amp; l &amp; l \\ l &amp; a+1 &amp; l \\ l &amp; l &amp; a+1\end{array}\right|\\
&amp;=\left|\b…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$a_{10}$$a_{15}$$$a_{n}=3 n+1$$$$a_{n}=3 n+1$$\begin{align*}
a_1 &amp;= 3(1) + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4\\
a_2 &amp;= 3(2) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7\\
a_3 &amp;= 3(3) + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10\\
a_4 &amp;= 3(4) + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13\\
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
a_{10} &amp;= 3(10) + 1 = 30…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$a_{10}$$a_{n}=\frac{n}{n+1}$$$a_n = \frac{n}{n+1}.$$\begin{align*}

a_1 &amp;= \frac{1}{1+1} = \frac{1}{2}\\
a_2 &amp;= \frac{2}{2+1} = \frac{2}{3}\\
a_3 &amp;= \frac{3}{3+1} = \frac{3}{4}\\
a_4 &amp;= \frac{4}{4+1} = \frac{4}{5}\\
\end{align*}\begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$a_{10}$$a_{15}$$a_{n}=n^{2}-2 n$$$a_n = n^2 - 2n.$$\begin{align*}
a_1 &amp;= (1)^2 - 2(1) = 1 - 2 = -1\\
a_2 &amp;= (2)^2 - 2(2) = 4 - 4 = 0\\
a_3 &amp;= (3)^2 - 2(3) = 9 - 6 = 3\\
a_4 &amp;= (4)^2 - 2(4) = 16 - 8 = 8\\
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
a_{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$a_{10}$$a_{15}$$a_{n}=\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)^{n-1}$$$a_n = \left( \frac{-1}{2} \right)^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}a_1 &amp;= \left( \frac{-1}{2} \right)^{1-1} = \left( \frac{-1}{2} \right)^0 = 1 \\
a_2 &amp;= \left( \frac{-1}{2} \right)^{2-1} =…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$a_{10}$$a_{15}$$a_{n}=(-1)^{n}(n+3)$$n$$a_{10}$$a_{15}$$$a_{n}=(-1)^{n+1}(3 n-5).$$$$a_n = (-1)^{n+1}(3n - 5).$$\begin{align*}
a_1 &amp;= (-1)^{1+1}(3(1) - 5) = (1)(3 - 5) = -2 \\
a_2 &amp;= (-1)^{2+1}(3(2) - 5) = (-1)(6 - 5) = -1 \\
a_3 &amp;=…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 11 and 12 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{n}=4 n-3; a_8$$$a_n = 4n - 3.$$\begin{align*}
a_8 &amp;= 4(8) - 3 \\
&amp;= 32 - 3 \\
&amp;= 29
\end{align*}$a_8 = 29$$a_{n}=5 n+11 ; a_{9}$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 and 14, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 and 14, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 13 and 14 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{n}=(3 n+4)(2 n-5) ; a_{7}$$a_{n}=(-1)^{n-1}(3.4 n-17.3) ; a_{12}$$$a_n = (-1)^{n-1}(3.4n - 17.3).$$\begin{align*}
a_{12} &amp;= (-1)^{12-1}(3.4 \cdot 12 - 17.3) \\
&amp;= (-1)^{11}(40.8 - 17.3) \\
&amp;= (-1)^{11}(23.5) \\
&amp;= -23.5
\end{align…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 15 and 16, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 15 and 16, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 15 and 16 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{n}=4 n^{2}(11 n+31) ; a_{22}$$$a_n = 4n^2(11n + 31).$$\begin{align*}
a_{22} &amp;= 4 \cdot 22^2 \cdot (11 \cdot 22 + 31) \\
&amp;= 4 \cdot 484 \cdot (242 + 31) \\
&amp;= 4 \cdot 484 \cdot 273 \\
&amp;= 4 \cdot 132132 \\
&amp;= 528528
\end{align*}$a_{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 17 and 18, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 17 and 18, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 17 and 18 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{n}=\log 10^{n} ; a_{43}$$$a_n = \log 10^n.$$\begin{align*}
a_{43} &amp;= \log 10^{43} \\
&amp;= 43 \cdot \log 10 \\
&amp;= 43 \cdot 1 \\
&amp;= 43
\end{align*}$a_{43}= 43$$a_{n}=\ln e^{n} ; a_{67}$$$a_n = \ln e^n.$$\begin{align*}
a_{67} &amp;= \ln e^…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 19 and 20, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 19 and 20, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 19 and 20 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{n}$$1,3,5,7,9, \ldots$$$1, 3, 5, 7, 9, \ldots$$$a_1=1$$d=3-1=2$$$a_n = a_1 + (n - 1) d$$\begin{align*}
\implies a_n &amp;= 1 + (n - 1) \cdot 2\\
 &amp;= 1 + 2n - 2\\
&amp;= 2n - 1 \end{align*}$a_n = 2n - 1$$a_{n}$$3,9,27,81,243, \ldots$\begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 21 and 22, Exercise 4.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-1-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 21 and 22, Exercise 4.1

Solutions of Question 21 and 22 of Exercise 4.1 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{n}$$\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{4}, \sqrt{6}, \sqrt{8}, \sqrt{10}, \ldots$$$\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{4}, \sqrt{6}, \sqrt{8}, \sqrt{10}, \ldots$$\begin{align*}
&amp;a_1=\sqrt{2 \cdot 1}, \\
&amp;a_2=\sqrt{4}=\sqrt{2 \cdot 2} \\
&amp;a_3=\sqrt{6}=\sqrt{2 \cdot 3}\\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=4, d=3$$a_1= 4$$d=3$$$a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d.$$\begin{align*}
a_2&amp;=4+(2-1)3=4+3=7\\
a_3 &amp;= 4+ (3-1) 3 = 4 + 6 = 10\\
a_4&amp;=4+(4-1)3=4+9=13
\end{align*}$a_1=4$$a_2=7$$a_3=10$$a_4=13$$a_1=7$$d=5$$a_1= 7$$d=5$$$a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d.$$\begin{align*}
…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $5,9,13, \ldots$$$5, 9, 13, \ldots $$$a_1=5$$d=9-5=4$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1)d.$$\begin{align*}
a_4 &amp;=5+(4-1)(4)=5+12=17\\
a_5 &amp;=5+(5-1)(4)=5+16=21\\
a_6 &amp;=5+(6-1)(4)=5+20=25
\end{align*}$17$$21$$25$$11,14,17, \ldots$$$11, 14, 17, \ldots$$$a_1=11$$d=14-11=3$$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $0.07,0.12,0.7, \ldots$$$0.07,0.12,0.7, \ldots$$$a_1 = 0.07$$d=0.05$$a_{11}=?$\begin{align*}
a_n&amp;=a_1+(n-1)d \\
\implies a_{11}&amp;= 0.07+(11-1)(0.05)\\
&amp;=0.07+(10)(0.05)\\
&amp;=0.57
\end{align*}$a_{11}=0.57.$$a_3 = 14$$a_9 = -1$$$a_n = a_1 + (…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{17}=-40$$a_{28}=-73$$a_{1}$$d$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1)d$$\begin{align*}
&amp; a_{17} = -40 \\
\implies &amp;a_1 + 16d = -40 \quad \cdots (1)
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
&amp;a_{28}=-73\\
\implies &amp;a_1 + 27d = -73 \quad \cdots (2)
\end{align*}\begin{align*}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $-6,-2,2, \ldots$$70$$-6,-2,2, \ldots$$a_1=-6$$d=-2+6=4$$a_n=70$$n=?$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1)d.$$\begin{align*}
&amp;70=-6+(n-1)4\\
\implies &amp;70=-6+4n-4\\
\implies &amp;70=4n-10\\
\implies &amp;4n=80\\
\implies &amp; n=20
\end{align*}$a_{20}=70$$\dfrac{5}{2}, \df…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{1}{a}, b, \dfrac{1}{c}$$\dfrac{a-c}{2 a c}$$\dfrac{1}{a}, b, \dfrac{1}{c}$\begin{align*}
d&amp;=b-\frac{1}{a}\cdots (i)\\
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
d&amp;=\frac{1}{c}-b \cdots (ii)
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
b-\frac{1}{a}&amp;=\frac{1}{c}-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 11 and 12 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $1000$$3000$$2$$5000$$3$$20$$$1000, 3000, 5000, \dots, \text{ upto 20 terms}.$$$a_1 = 1000$$d=3000-1000=2000$$S_20=?$$$S_n =\frac{n}{2}[2a_1+(n-1)d],$$\begin{align*}
S_{20} &amp;= \frac{20}{2}[2(1000)+(20-1)2000]\\
&amp;= 10 [2000+(19)2000] \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $7$$17$$a=7$$b=17$\begin{align*}
\text{A.M.} &amp;= \frac{a + b}{2}\\
&amp;= \frac{7 + 17}{2} \\
&amp;= \frac{24}{2} = 12.
\end{align*}$12$$3+3 \sqrt{2}$$7-3 \sqrt{2}$$a=3+3\sqrt{2}$$b=7-3\sqrt{2}$\begin{align*}
\text{A.M.} &amp;= \frac{a + b}{2}\\
&amp;= \frac{(3 + 3…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 and 15, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 and 15, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 14 and 15 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $b$$10$$b$$20$$a= b$$b=20$\begin{align*}
&amp;\text{A.M.} = \frac{a + b}{2} \\
\implies &amp; 10 = \frac{b + 20}{2} \\
\implies &amp; 20 = b + 20 \\
\implies &amp; b = 20 - 20 \\
\implies &amp; b = 0
\end{align*}$b = 0$$b$$25$$b$$20$$b$$10$$b$$-10$$x$$y$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 16 and 17, Exercise 4.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-2-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 16 and 17, Exercise 4.2

Solutions of Question 16 and 17 of Exercise 4.2 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $5$$17$$A_1$$A_2$$5$$17$$5$$A_1$$A_2$$17$$a_1=5$$a_4=17$$$a_n=a_1+(n-1)d.$$\begin{align*}
&amp;a_4 = a_1 + 3d \\
\implies &amp; 17=5+3d\\
\implies &amp; 3d=12\\
\implies &amp; \boxed{d=4}.\end{align*}\begin{align*}
A_1 &amp;= a_2= a_1+d \\
&amp;=5+4=9 \end{a…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $4+7+10+13+16+19+22+25$$4+7+10+13+16+19+22+25$$a_1=4$$d=7-4=3$$n=8$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[2a_1+(n-1)d]\\
\implies S_8&amp;=\frac{8}{2}[2(4)+(8-1)(3)]\\
&amp;=4[8+7\times 3] = 116
\end{align}$a_{1}=2$$a_{n}=200$$n=100$$a_{1}=2$$a_{n}=200$$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=5$$a_{n}=100$$n=200$$a_{1}=5$$a_{n}=100$$n=200$$a_{1}=5$$a_{n}=100$$n=200$$S_n$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n] \\
\implies S_{200}&amp;=\frac{200}{2}[5+100]\\
&amp;=10500.
\end{align}$S_{200}=10500$$a_{1}=4$$n=15$$d=3$$a_{1}=4$$n=1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=50$$n=20$$d=-4$$a_{1}=50$$n=20$$d=-4$$a_{1}=50$$n=20$$d=-4$$S_n$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[2a_1+(n-1)d] \\
\implies S_{20}&amp;=\frac{20}{2}[2(50)+(20-1)(-4)]\\
&amp;=10\times [100-76]\\
&amp;=240.
\end{align}$S_{20}=240$$-3+(-7)+(-11)+\cd…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $9+11+13+15+\cdots$$n=12$$a_1=9$$d=11-9=2$$n=12$$S_n$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[2a_1+(n-1)d] \\
\implies S_{12}&amp;=\frac{12}{2}[2(9)+(12-1)(2)]\\
&amp;=6\times [18+22]\\
&amp;=240.
\end{align}$S_{12}=240$$2$$100$$2$$100$$$2+4+6+...+100 (50 \tex…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $1$$99$$1$$99$$$1+3+5+...+99 (50 \text{ terms}).$$$a_{1}=1$$n=50$$d=3-1=2$$S_n$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[2a_1+(n-1)d] \\
\implies S_{50}&amp;=\frac{50}{2}[2(1)+(50-1)(2)]\\
&amp;=25\times [2+98]\\
&amp;=2500.
\end{align}$1$$99$$2500$$14$$523$$…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 11 and 12 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $S_{\boldsymbol{n}}$$a_{1}=3$$a_{n}=-38$$n=8$$a_{1}=3$$a_{n}=-38$$n=8$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n] \\
\implies S_{8}&amp;=\frac{8}{2}[3-38]\\
&amp;=4\times[-35] \\
&amp;=-140.
\end{align}$S_{8}=-140$$S_n$$a_{1}=85$$n=21$$a_{n}=25$$a_{1…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13 and 14, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13 and 14, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 13 and 14 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $S_s$$a_{1}=34$$n=9$$a_{n}=2$$a_{1}=34$$n=9$$a_{n}=2$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n] \\
\implies S_{9}&amp;=\frac{9}{2}[34+2]\\
&amp;=162.
\end{align}$S_{9}=162$$S_n$$a_{1}=5$$d=\frac{1}{2}$$n=13$$a_{1}=5$$d=\frac{1}{2}$$n=13$\begin{a…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 15 and 16, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 15 and 16, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 15 and 16 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $S_n$$a_{1}=91$$d=-4$$a_{n}=15$$a_{1}=91$$d=-4$$a_{n}=15$$n=?$\begin{align} 
&amp; a_n=a_1+(n-1)d \\
\implies &amp; 15=91+(n-1)(-4) \\
\implies &amp; 15=91-4n+4 \\
\implies &amp; 4n=95-15 \\
\implies &amp;  4n = 80\\ \implies &amp; n = 20.
\end{align}\begin{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 17, 18 and 19, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 17, 18 and 19, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 17, 18 and 19 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $6+12+18+\ldots+96$$$6+12+18+\ldots+96.$$$a_{1}=6$$d=12-6=6$$a_{n}=96$$n=?$\begin{align} 
&amp; a_n=a_1+(n-1)d \\
\implies &amp; 96=6+(n-1)(6) \\
\implies &amp; 96=6+6n-6 \\
\implies &amp; 6n=96 \\
\implies &amp;  n = 24.
\end{align}\begin{align}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 20, 21 and 22, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 20, 21 and 22, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 20, 21 and 22 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=7$$a_{n}=139$$S_{n}=876$$a_{1}=7$$a_{n}=139$$S_{n}=876$$n$$d$\begin{align}
&amp;S_n=\frac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n]\\
\implies &amp; 876=\frac{n}{2}[7+139]\\
\implies &amp; 1752=146n\\
\implies &amp; n=\frac{1752}{146}=12.
\end{align}\begin{align…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 23 and 24, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 23 and 24, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 23 and 24 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$ 14+16+18+...+a_{25}.$$$a_1=14$$d=16-14=2$$n=25$$a_25$$S_25$\begin{align}
a_n&amp;=a_1+(n-1)d\\
\implies a_{25}&amp;= 14+(25-1)(2)\\
&amp;=62.
\end{align}\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[a_1+a_n]\\
\implies S_{25}&amp; =\frac{25}{2}[14+62]\\
&amp; =25 \t…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 25 and 26, Exercise 4.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-3-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 25 and 26, Exercise 4.3

Solutions of Question 25 and 26 of Exercise 4.3 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$ 6000+70,000+...+a_{20}.$$$a_1=6,000$$d=70,000-6,000=64,000$$n=20$$S_n$\begin{align}
S_n&amp;=\frac{n}{2}[2a_1+(n-1)d]\\
\implies S_{20}&amp; =\frac{20}{2}[2(6,000)+(20-1)(64,000)]\\
&amp; =10 \times [12,000+1,216,000]\\
&amp; =12,280,000.
\end{ali…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $5,20,100,500, \ldots$$5, 20, 100, 500, \ldots $\begin{align*}
\frac{20}{5} = 4\neq \frac{100}{20} = 5.\end{align*}$5, 20, 100, 500, \ldots $\begin{align*}
r_1&amp; =\frac{20}{5} = 4\\
r_2&amp;=\frac{100}{20} = 5\\
r_3&amp;=\frac{500}{100} = 5.
\end{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p2?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{3}{2}, \frac{9}{4}, \frac{27}{8}, \frac{81}{16}, \ldots$\(\frac{3}{2}, \frac{9}{4}, \frac{27}{8}, \frac{81}{16}, \ldots\)\begin{align*}
r_1&amp;=\frac{9/4}{3/2} = \frac{9}{4} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{3}{2} \\
r_2&amp;=\frac{27/8}{9/4} = …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, 6 and 7, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p3?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, 6 and 7, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 5, 6 and 7 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=3, r=-2$$a_{1}=3$$r=-2$$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
&amp; a_{2}=a_{1} r=(3)(-2)= -6 \\
&amp; a_{3}=a_{1} r^{2}=(3)(-2)^{2}=3 (4)= 12 \\
&amp; a_{4}=a_{1} r^{3}=(3)(-2)^{3}=3  (-8) = -24
\end{align*}$a_1=3$$a_2=-6$$a_3=12$$a_4=-…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p4?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 8 and 9 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$90,30,10 \ldots$$$a_1=90$$r=\dfrac{30}{90}=\dfrac{1}{3}$$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
&amp; a_{4}=a_{1} r^3=(90)\left(\dfrac{1}{3} \right)^3=90 \times\dfrac{1}{27}=\dfrac{10}{3}\\
&amp; a_{5}=a_{1} r^3=(90)\left(\dfrac{1}{4} \right)^4=…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10 and 11, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p5?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10 and 11, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 10 and 11 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$20,30,45 \ldots$$\(a_1=20\)\(r=\frac{30}{20}=\frac{3}{2}\)$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
&amp; a_{4}=a_{1} r^3=(20)\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3=20 \times \frac{27}{8} = \frac{540}{8} = 67.5 \\ 
&amp; a_{5}=a_{1} r^4=(20)\left(\frac{3}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12 and 13, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p6?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12 and 13, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 12 and 13 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$\frac{1}{27}, \frac{1}{9}, \frac{1}{3}, \ldots$$\(a_1=\frac{1}{27}\)\(r=\frac{\frac{1}{9}}{\frac{1}{27}}=3\)$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$\begin{align*}
&amp; a_{4}=a_{1} r^3=\left(\frac{1}{27}\right)(3)^3=\frac{1}{27} \times 27 = 1 \\ 
&amp; a_{5}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14 and 15, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p7?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14 and 15, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 14 and 15 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=4, n=3, r=5$$a_{1}=4, n=3, r=5$$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
a_3&amp;= 4\times 5^2 \\
&amp;=4\times 25 = 100. 
\end{align*}$a_3=100$$a_{1}=2, n=5, r=2$$a_{1}=2$$n=5$$r=2$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$\begin{align*}
a_5 &amp;= 2 \times 2^{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 16 and 17, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p8?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 16 and 17, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 16 and 17 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=7, n=4, r=2$$a_{1}=7$$n=4$$r=2$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$\begin{align*}
a_4 &amp;= 7 \times 2^{4-1} \\ 
&amp;= 7 \times 2^3 \\ 
&amp;= 7 \times 8 = 56.
\end{align*}$a_4=56$$a_{1}=243, n=5, r=-\frac{1}{3}$$a_{1}=243$$n=5$$r=-\frac{1}{3}$$a_{n}=…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 18 and 19, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p9?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 18 and 19, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 18 and 19 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=32, n=6, r=-\frac{1}{2}$$a_{1}=32$$n=6$$r=-\frac{1}{2}$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$\begin{align*}
a_6 &amp;= 32 \times \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{6-1} \\ 
&amp;= 32 \times \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{5} \\ 
&amp;= 32 \times \left(-\frac{1}{32}\ri…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 20 and 21, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p10?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 20 and 21, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 20 and 21 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$3 , \_\_\_ , \_\_\_ , \_\_\_ , 48$$$a_1=3$$a_5=48$$r$$$
a_n=ar^{n-1}.
$$\begin{align*}
&amp;a_5=a_1 r^4 \\
\implies &amp; 48=3r^4 \\
\implies &amp; r^4 = 16 \\
\implies &amp; r^4 = 2^4 \\
\implies &amp; r = 2.
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
&amp; a_2=a_1 r= (3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 22 and 23, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p11?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 22 and 23, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 22 and 23 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$8 , \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \dfrac{1}{4}$$$a_1=8$$a_6=\frac{1}{4}$$r$$n$$a_n = a_1 r^{n-1}.$\begin{align*}
a_6 &amp;= a_1 r^5 \\
\implies \frac{1}{4} &amp;= 8 \cdot r^5 \\
\implies r^5 &amp;= \frac{1}{4 \cdot 8} \\
\implies r^5 &amp;= \frac…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 24 and 25, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p12?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 24 and 25, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 24 and 25 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$5 , \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_, 80$$$a_1=5$$a_5=80$$r$$n$$$a_n = a_1 r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
a_5 &amp;= a_1 r^4 \\
\implies 80 &amp;= 5 \cdot r^4 \\
\implies r^4 &amp;= \frac{80}{5} \\
\implies r^4 &amp;= 16 \\
\implies r &amp;= 2.
\end{align*}\begin{alig…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p13?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 26 and 27, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p13?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 26 and 27, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 26 and 27 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $16\,\, ft$$6$$16\,\,ft$$a_1$$a_2$$a_3,...$$$a_1 = 16\times \dfrac{1}{4} = 4\,\, ft.$$$r=\dfrac{1}{4}$$a_6$$$a_{n}=a_{1} r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
a_{6}&amp;=a_{1} r^5 \\
&amp;=(4)\left(\dfrac{1}{4} \right)^5 \\
&amp; = \dfrac{1}{256}
\end{align*}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p14?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 28 and 29, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p14?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 28 and 29, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 28 and 29 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $=a_1= 1$$= a_2 = 2$$= a_3 = 2(2)=4$$= a_7$$$
1+2+4+...+a_7
$$$a_1=1$$r=2$$n=7$$$
S_n=\frac{a_1\left(1-r^n \right)}{1-r}, \quad r\neq 1.
$$\begin{align*}
S_6&amp;=\frac{(1)\left(1-2^7 \right)}{1-2} \\
&amp;=\frac{1-128}{-2}\\
&amp;=127
\end{align…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p15?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 30, Exercise 4.4</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-4-p15?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 30, Exercise 4.4

Solutions of Question 30 of Exercise 4.4 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $=a_1= 1$$=a_2= 3$$=a_3=3\times 3 = 9$$=a_4=3\times 9 = 27$$=a_5=3\times 27 = 81$$81$$a_1=1$$r=3$$a_5=?$$$a_n=a_1 r^{n-1}.$$\begin{align*}
a_5&amp;=a_1 r^4 \\
&amp;=(1)(3)^4 = 81
\end{align*}$$S_n=a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5.$$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:13:59+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p1?rev=1737476039&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $16+16+16+\ldots$$a_1=16$$r=\dfrac{16}{16}=1$$r\neq 1$\begin{align*}
&amp;16+16+16+\ldots \text{ to 11 terms}\\
=&amp;11(16) \\
=&amp; 176
\end{align*}$75+15+3+...$$75+15+3+...$$a_1= 75$$r = \frac{15}{75} = \frac{1}{5}$$n = 10$$n$$$ S_n = \frac{a_1 \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=5$$r=3$$n=12$$a_{1}=5$$r=3$$n=12$$n$\[
S_n = \frac{a_1 \left(1 - r^n\right)}{1 - r}, \quad r\neq 1.
\]\begin{align*}
S_{12} &amp;= \frac{5\left(1 - 3^{12}\right)}{1 - 3} \\
&amp;= \frac{5\left(1 - 531441\right)}{-2} \\
&amp;= \frac{5(-531440)}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=7, r=2, n=14$$a_1 = 7$$r = 2$$n = 14$$n$$$S_n = \frac{a_1 \left(1 - r^n\right)}{1 - r}, \quad r \neq 1.$$\begin{align*}
S_{14} &amp;= \frac{7 \left(1 - 2^{14}\right)}{1 - 2} \\
&amp;= \frac{7 \left(1 - 16384\right)}{-1} \\
&amp;= \frac{7 \time…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=16, r=-\frac{1}{2}, n=10$$a_1 = 16$$r = -\frac{1}{2}$$n = 10$$n$$$S_n = \frac{a_1 \left(1 - r^n\right)}{1 - r}, \quad r \neq 1.$$\begin{align*}
S_{10} &amp;= \frac{16 \left(1 - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{10}\right)}{1 - \left(-\frac{1}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}=343, a_{4}=-1, r=-\frac{1}{7}$$a_{1}=343$$a_{4}=-1$$r=-\frac{1}{7}$$S_n$$$ S_n =\frac{a_1-a_n r}{1-r}, \quad r\neq 1.$$\begin{align*}
S_4 &amp; =\frac{343-(-1)\left(-\frac{1}{7}\right)}{1+\frac{1}{7}} \\
&amp;=\frac{\frac{2400}{7}}{\frac…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, 12 and 13, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, 12 and 13, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 11, 12 and 13 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $a_{1}$$S_{n}=244, r=-3, n=5$$S_{n}=244$$r=-3$$n=5$$$ S_n =\frac{a_1(1-r^n)}{1-r}, \quad r\neq 1.$$\begin{align*}
&amp; 244=\frac{a_1(1-(-3)^5)}{1-(-3)} \\
\implies &amp; 244=\frac{a_1(1+243)}{4} \\
\implies &amp; 976=244a_1\\
\implies &amp; …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 14 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $0.444...$$$0.444... = 0.4+0.04+0.004+...$$$a_1=0.4$$r=\frac{0.04}{0.4}=0.1$$|r|=0.1 &lt; 1$\begin{align*}
S-\infty &amp; = \frac{a_1}{1-r} \\
&amp; = \frac{0.4}{1.0.1} = \frac{0.4}{0.9} \\
&amp; = \frac{4}{9}.
\end{align*}$S_{\infty} =\dfrac{4}{9}$$9.99999 ...$$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 15, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 15, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 15 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $30 ft$$\frac{2}{5}$$= 30 ft$$= 30 \times \frac{2}{5} = 12 ft$$= 12 \times \frac{2}{5} = \frac{24}{5} ft$$= \frac{24}{5} \times \frac{2}{5} = \frac{48}{25} ft$$D$$$D=30+2\left(12+\frac{24}{5}+\frac{24}{5}+... \right)$$$$
12+\frac{24}{5}+\frac{24}{5…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 16, Exercise 4.5</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-5-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 16, Exercise 4.5

Solutions of Question 16 of Exercise 4.5 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $80 ft$$90\%$$a_1$$a_1 r$$a_1 r^2$$=a_1= 80 ft$$r=90% = \frac{90}{100} =0.9$$A$\begin{align}
A &amp;= a_1+a_1r+a_1r^2+... \\
&amp; = \frac{a_1}{1-r} \\
&amp; = \frac{80}{1-0.9}\\
&amp;= 800
\end{align}$800 ft$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{9}, \frac{1}{12}, \frac{1}{15}, \cdots \quad 7$$$\frac{1}{9}, \frac{1}{12}, \frac{1}{15}, \cdots \text{ is in H.P.}$$$$9, 12, 15, ... \text{ is in A.P.}$$$a_1=9$$d=12-9=3$$a_7=?$$$
a_n=a_1+(n-1)d.
$$\begin{align*}
a_7&amp;=9+(6)(3) …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 &amp; 4, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 3 &amp; 4 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{18}, \frac{1}{13}, \frac{1}{8}, \ldots \quad 20$\begin{align*}
&amp;\frac{1}{18}, \frac{1}{13}, \frac{1}{8}, \ldots \quad \text{ is in H.P.} \\
&amp;18, 13, 8, \ldots \quad \text{ is in A.P.}
\end{align*}$a_1 = 18$$d = 13 - 18 = -5$$a_{20}.…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 &amp; 6, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 &amp; 6, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 5 &amp; 6 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{1}{27}, \dfrac{1}{20}, \dfrac{1}{13}, \ldots \quad$\begin{align*}
&amp;\frac{1}{27}, \frac{1}{20}, \frac{1}{13}, \ldots \quad \text{ is in H.P.} \\
&amp;27, 20, 13, \ldots \quad \text{ is in A.P.}
\end{align*}$a_1 = 27$$d = 20 - 27 = -7$$a_n=…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{10}, \frac{1}{13}, \ldots$$ \frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{10}, \frac{1}{13}, \ldots $$ a_1 = \frac{1}{4} $$d = \frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{4} = -\frac{3}{28},$$ n = 14$$$a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d.$$\begin{align*}
…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 &amp; 10, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 9 &amp; 10 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{6},-1,-\frac{1}{3}, \ldots$$$\frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{6}, -1, -\frac{1}{3}, \ldots \text{ is in H.P.}$$$$7, 6, -1, -3, \ldots \text{ is in A.P.}$$$a_1 = 7$$d = 6 - 7 = -1$$a_8=?$$$
a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d.
$$\begin{align*}
a_…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{2}{3}$$\dfrac{4}{7}$$a=\dfrac{2}{3}$$b=\dfrac{4}{7}$\begin{align*}
\text{H.M.}&amp;=\frac{2ab}{a+b} \\
&amp;=\frac{2\times\frac{2}{3}\times\frac{4}{7}}{\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{7}} \\
&amp;=\frac{16/21}{26/21} \\
&amp;=\frac{8}{13} \\
\end{align*}$\dfrac{8}{13…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12, Exercise 4.6</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-6-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12, Exercise 4.6

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 4.6 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{1}{3}$$\dfrac{1}{11}$$H_1, H_2, H_3, H_4$$H.Ms$$\dfrac{1}{3}$$\dfrac{1}{11}$$$\dfrac{1}{3},H_1, H_2, H_3, H_4, \dfrac{1}{11} \text{ are in H.P.}$$$$\quad 3,\dfrac{1}{H_1},\dfrac{1}{H_2}, \dfrac{1}{H_3}, \dfrac{1}{H_4},11 \text{ are in A.P.}…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sum_{k=1}^{5} \frac{1}{2 k}$\begin{align*}
\sum_{k=1}^{5} \frac{1}{2k} &amp;= \frac{1}{2(1)} + \frac{1}{2(2)} + \frac{1}{2(3)} + \frac{1}{2(4)} + \frac{1}{2(5)}\\
&amp;= \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{10}\\
&amp;= …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sum_{k=0}^{5} 2^{k}$\begin{align*}
\sum_{k=0}^{5} 2^{k} &amp;= 2^0 + 2^1 + 2^2 + 2^3 + 2^4 + 2^5 \\
&amp;= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 \\
&amp;= 63
\end{align*}$\sum_{k=0}^{9} \pi k$\begin{align*}
\sum_{k=0}^{9} \pi k &amp;= \pi(0) + \pi(1) + \pi(2) + \pi(…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sum_{k=1}^{8} \frac{k}{k+1}$\begin{align*}
\sum_{k=1}^{8} \frac{k}{k+1} &amp;= \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{3} + \frac{3}{4} + \frac{4}{5} + \frac{5}{6}\\
&amp;+ \frac{6}{7} + \frac{7}{8} + \frac{8}{9} \\
&amp;= 0.5 + 0.6667 + 0.75 + 0.8 + 0.8333\\
&amp;+ 0.…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sum_{k=0}^{5}\left(k^{2}-2 k+3\right)$\begin{align*}
\sum_{k=0}^{5} (k^{2} - 2k + 3) &amp;= (0^{2} - 2(0) + 3) + (1^{2} - 2(1) + 3) + (2^{2} - 2 (2) + 3) \\
&amp;+ (3^{2} - 2 (3) + 3) + (4^{2} - 2 (4) + 3) + (5^{2} - 2 (5) + 3) \\
&amp;= (0 - 0 + 3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{4}{5}+\frac{5}{6}+\dots$$$
\frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{3} + \frac{3}{4} + \frac{4}{5} + \frac{5}{6} +... = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{k}{k+1}
$$$3+6+9+12+15$$$3+6+9+12+15=\sum_{k=1}^{5}3k$$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, 12 and 13, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, 12 and 13, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 11, 12 and 13 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $-2+4-8+16-32+64$$$
-2 + 4 - 8 + 16 - 32 + 64 = \sum_{k=1}^{6} (-1)^k 2^k
$$$\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2}+\frac{1}{2 \cdot 3}+\frac{1}{3 \cdot 4}+\frac{1}{4 \cdot 5}+$$$
\frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \frac{1}{3 \cdot 4} +…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14, 15 and 16, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14, 15 and 16, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 14, 15 and 16 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$n$$n+1$$T_n$$n$$$
T_{n} = n+1.
$$\begin{align*}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} T_{n} &amp;= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (n+1)\\
&amp; = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} n + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 1 \\
&amp; = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} + n \\
&amp; = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} + \frac{2n}{2} \…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 17 and 18, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 17 and 18, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 17 and 18 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$2^{2}+5^{2}+8^{2}+\ldots$$2+5+8+\ldots$$a_k=2+(k-1)(3)=2+3k-3=3k-1$$T_k$$k$\begin{align*}T_k&amp;=(3k-1)^2 \\
&amp;=9k^2-6k+1. \end{align*}\begin{align*}\sum_{k=1}^{n} T_{k} &amp;= \sum_{k=1}^{n} (9k^{2} - 6k + 1)\\
&amp; = 9\sum_{k=1}^{n} k^{2} …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 19 and 20, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 19 and 20, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 19 and 20 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$1^{3}+3^{3}+5^{3}+$$1+3+5+\ldots$$a_k=1+(k-1)(2)=1+2k-2=2k-1$$T_k$$k$\begin{align*}T_k&amp;=(2k-1)^3 \\
&amp;=(2k)^3+3(2k)^2(-1)+3(2k)(-1)^2+(-1)^3 \\
&amp;=8k^3-12k^2+6k+1
\end{align*}\begin{align*}\sum_{k=1}^{n} T_{k} &amp;= \sum_{k=1}^{n} (8k^…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 19 and 20, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 19 and 20, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 19 and 20 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$1^{3}+3^{3}+5^{3}+$$1+3+5+\ldots$$a_k=1+(k-1)(2)=1+2k-2=2k-1$$T_k$$k$\begin{align*}T_k&amp;=(2k-1) \\
&amp;=9k^2-6k+1. \end{align*}\begin{align*}\sum_{k=1}^{n} T_{k} &amp;= \sum_{k=1}^{n} (2k - 1)\\
&amp; = 2 \sum_{k=1}^{n} k - \sum_{k=1}^{n} 1 \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 21 and 22, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 21 and 22, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 21 and 22 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$1 \times 4+2 \times 7+3 \times 10+\cdots$$4+7+10+\ldots$$a_k=4+(k-1)(3)=4+3k-3=3k+1$$1+2+3+...$$k$$k(3k+1)$$T_k$$k$\begin{align*}T_k&amp;=k(3k+1) \\
&amp;=3k^2+k. \end{align*}\begin{align*}\sum_{k=1}^{n} T_{k} &amp;= \sum_{k=1}^{n} (3k^2 +k)\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p12?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 23 and 24, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p12?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 23 and 24, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 23 and 24 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$$1+2 \times 2+3 \times 2^{2}+4 \times 2^{3}+\ldots.$$$$1+2 \times 2+3 \times 2^{2}+4 \times 2^{3}+\ldots$$$$
1\times 1+2 \times 2+3 \times 2^{2}+4 \times 2^{3}+\ldots
$$$1,2,3,4,\ldots$$a=1$$d=1$$1, 2, 2^2, 2^3, \ldots$$r=\frac{2}…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p13?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 25 and 26, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p13?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 25 and 26, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 25 and 26 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$1+\frac{4}{7}+\frac{7}{7^{2}}+\frac{10}{7^{3}}+\ldots$\[
1 + \frac{4}{7} + \frac{7}{7^2} + \frac{10}{7^3} + \ldots
\]\(1, 4, 7, 10, \ldots\)\(a = 1\)\(d = 3\)\(1, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{7^2}, \frac{1}{7^3}, \ldots\)\(1\)\(r = \frac…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p14?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 27 and 28, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p14?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 27 and 28, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 27 and 28 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$5+\frac{7}{3}+\frac{9}{9}+\frac{11}{27}+\ldots$$$$5+\frac{7}{3}+\frac{9}{9}+\frac{11}{27}+\ldots$$$$
5\times 1+7\times\frac{1}{3}+9\times\frac{1}{9}+11\times\frac{1}{27}+\ldots
$$$5,7,9,11,4,\ldots$$a=5$$d=7-5=2$$1, \dfrac{1}{3}, \d…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p15?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 29 and 30, Exercise 4.7</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-7-p15?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 29 and 30, Exercise 4.7

Solutions of Question 29 and 30 of Exercise 4.7 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$1+4 x+7 x^{2}+10 x^{3}+\ldots$$\[
1 + 4x + 7x^2 + 10x^3 + \ldots
\]\[
1 \times 1 + 4 \times x + 7 \times x^2 + 10 \times x^3 + \ldots
\]\(1, 4, 7, 10, \ldots\)\(a = 1\)\(d = 4 - 1 = 3\)\(1, x, x^2, x^3, \ldots\)\(1\)\(r = x\)\[
S_{\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $3+7+13+21+\ldots$$n$$$ S_{n}=3+7+13+21+31+\ldots +T_{n} $$$$ S_{n}=3+7+13+21+\ldots +T_{n-1}+T_{n}.$$\begin{align*}
S_{n}-S_{n}&amp; =3+7+13+21+31+\ldots +T_{n}  \\
&amp; -\left(3+7+13+21+\ldots +T_{n-1}+T_{n}\right)
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
\…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $1+4+13+40+121+ \ldots$$n$$$ S_{n}=1+4+13+40+121+\ldots +T_{n} $$$$ S_{n}=1+4+13+40+\ldots +T_{n-1}+T_{n}. $$\begin{align*}
	S_{n}-S_{n}&amp; =1+4+13+40+121+\ldots +T_{n}  \\
	&amp; -\left(1+4+13+40+\ldots +T_{n-1}+T_{n}\right)
\end{align*}\begin…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $3+4+6+10+18+34+66+\dots$$n$$$ S_{n}=3+4+6+10+18+\ldots +T_{n} $$$$ S_{n}=3+4+6+10+\ldots +T_{n-1}+T_{n}. $$\begin{align*}
S_{n}-S_{n}&amp; =3+4+6+10+18+\ldots +T_{n}  \\
&amp; -\left(3+4+6+10+\ldots +T_{n-1}+T_{n}\right)
\end{align*}\begin{align…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $n$$$\frac{1}{1 \times 4}+\frac{1}{4 \times 7}+\frac{1}{7 \times 10}+\ldots$$$$\frac{1}{1 \times 4}+\frac{1}{4 \times 7}+\frac{1}{7 \times 10}+\dots$$$T_k$\begin{align*}
T_k &amp;=\frac{1}{(3k-2)(3k+1)}.
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{(3…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9 and 10, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 9 and 10 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$\frac{1}{1 \cdot 3}+\frac{1}{2 \cdot 5}+\frac{1}{3 \cdot 7}+\ldots \ldots \text{ up to } \infty$$$\sum_{k=3}^{n} \dfrac{1}{(k+1)(k+2)}$\begin{align*}
T_k &amp;= \frac{1}{(k+1)(k+2)}.
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{(k+1)(k+2)} = \frac…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11 and 12, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 11 and 12 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \frac{1}{k(k+2)}$$T_k$$k$\begin{align*}
T_k &amp;= \frac{1}{k(k+2)}.
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{k(k+2)} = \frac{A}{k} + \frac{B}{k+2} \ldots (1)
\end{align*}$k(k+2)$\begin{align*}
	1 = A(k+2) + Bk \ldots (2)
\end{…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, 14 and 15, Exercise 4.8</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit04/ex4-8-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, 14 and 15, Exercise 4.8

Solutions of Question 13, 14 and 15 of Exercise 4.8 of Unit 04: Sequence and Series. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{5 \cdot 11}+\frac{1}{7 \cdot 13}+\frac{1}{9 \cdot 15}+\ldots \ldots$$n$$T_k$$k$\begin{align*}
T_k &amp;= \frac{1}{(2k+3)(2k+9)}.
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{(2k+3)(2k+9)} = \frac{A}{2k+3} + \frac{B}{2k+9} \ldots …</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1(i)
$2 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-4 x+1$$x+2$$p(x)=2 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-4 x+1$$x-c=x+2 \implies c=-2$\begin{align*}
\text{Remainder} &amp; = p(c) = p(-2) \\
&amp; = 2(-2)^{3}+3 (-2)^{2}-4 (-2)+1 \\
&amp; = -16+12+8+1 \\
&amp;= 5.
\end{align*}$x^{4}+2 x^{3}-x^{2}+2 x+3$$x-2$\( p(x…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3, Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3, Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $x-3$$x^{3}-2 x^{2}-5 x+6$$p(x)=x^{3}-2 x^{2}-5 x+6$$x-c=x-3$$\implies c=3$$x-3$$p(x)$$p(3)=0$\begin{align*}
p(3)&amp;=3^3-2(3)^2-5(3)+6 \\
&amp; = 27-18-15+6 \\
&amp; = 0.
\end{align*}$x-3$$p(x)$$x-3$$x^{3}-2 x^{2}-5 x+1$$p(x)=x^{3}-2 x^{2}-5 x+1$$x-c=x-3$$…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 and 5, Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 and 5, Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 4 and 5 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $4 y^{3}-4 y^{2}+10+2 y$$4 y^{2}-8 y+10$$q$$x^{3}+q x^{2}-7 x+6$$(x+1)$$p(x)=x^{3}+q x^{2}-7 x+6$$x-c=x+1$$\implies c=-1$$x+1$$p(x)$$p(-1)=0$\begin{align*}
&amp;(-1)^3+q(-1)^2-7(-1)+6=0 \\
-&amp;1+q+7+6=0\\
&amp;q+12=0\\
&amp;q=-12
\end{align*}</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 and 7, Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 and 7, Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 6 and 7 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $m$$2 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-3 x-m$$x-2$$p(x)=2 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-3 x-m$$x-c=x-2$$\implies c=2$\begin{align*}
\text{Remainder} &amp; = p(c) = p(2) \\
&amp; = 2(2)^{3} + 3(2)^{2} - 3(2) - m \\
&amp; = 2(8) + 3(4) - 3(2) - m \\
&amp; = 16 + 12 - 6 - m \\
&amp; = 22 - m.
\end{align…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8 and 9, Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 8 and 9 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-11 x-6$$p(x)=2x^3+3x^2-11x-6$\begin{align}
p(2) &amp;= 2(2)^3+3(2)^2-11(2)-6 \\
&amp;=16+12-22-6 = 0 \end{align}$p(x)$\begin{align}
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
2 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 &amp; -11 &amp; -6 \\
&amp; \downarrow  &amp;  4 &amp; 14 &amp; 6 \\
\hline
&amp; 2 &amp; 7 &amp; 3 &amp;  0 \\
\…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 5.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-1-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 5.1

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 5.1 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 10
$\left(x^{3}+11 x^{2}+34 x+24\right)$$(x+1)$$p(x)=x^{3}+11 x^{2}+34 x+24$\begin{align}
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
-1 &amp; 1 &amp; 11 &amp; 34 &amp; 24 \\
&amp; \downarrow  &amp;  -1 &amp; -10 &amp; -24 \\
\hline
&amp; 1 &amp; 10 &amp; 24 &amp;  0 \\
\end{array}\end{align}$$ p(x) = (x+1)(x^2+10…</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1 and 2, Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 1 and 2 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y^{3}-7 y-6$$f(y)=y^{3}-7 y-6$\begin{align*}
f(-1)&amp;=(-1)^{3}-7 (-1)-6 \\
&amp;= -1+7-6 =0.
\end{align*}$y+1$$f(y)$\begin{align}
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
-1 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; -7 &amp; -6 \\
&amp; \downarrow  &amp;  -1 &amp; 1 &amp; 6 \\
\hline
&amp; 1 &amp; -1 &amp; -6 &amp;  0 \\
\end{array}\end…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3 and 4, Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 3 and 4 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 x^{3}+5 x^{2}-9 x-18$\( f(x) = 2x^{3} + 5x^{2} - 9x - 18 \)\begin{align*}
f(-2) &amp;= 2(-2)^{3} + 5(-2)^{2} - 9(-2) - 18 \\
&amp;= 2(-8) + 5(4) + 18 - 18 \\
&amp;= -16 + 20 + 18 - 18 = 0.
\end{align*}\( x + 2 \)\( f(x) \)\[
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
-2 &amp; 2 &amp;…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>;

Question 5 and 6, Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $t^{3}+t^{2}+3 t-5$\( f(t) = t^{3} + t^{2} + 3t - 5 \)\begin{align*}
f(1) &amp;= (1)^{3} + (1)^{2} + 3(1) - 5 \\
&amp;= 1 + 1 + 3 - 5 \\
&amp;= 0.
\end{align*}\( t - 1 \)\( f(t) \)\begin{align}
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
1 &amp; 1 &amp; 1 &amp; 3 &amp; -5 \\
&amp;   &amp; 1 &amp; 2 &amp; 5 \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 5.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-2-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 and 8, Exercise 5.2

Solutions of Question 7 and 8 of Exercise 5.2 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 x^{3}-15 x^{2}+27 x-10$$\dfrac{1}{2}$\( f(x) \)\( x - \frac{1}{2} \)\begin{align}
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
\frac{1}{2} &amp; 2 &amp; -15 &amp; 27 &amp; -10 \\
&amp;   &amp; 1   &amp; -7 &amp; 10 \\
\hline
&amp; 2 &amp; -14 &amp; 20 &amp; 0 \\
\end{array}
\end{align}\begin{align*}
f(x) &amp;= \left…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1
$x$$x+3$$x+3+7=x+10$$120 cm^3$\begin{align*}
&amp; x(x+3)(x+10)=120 \\
\implies  &amp; x(x^2+3x+10x+30)-120=0\\
\implies &amp; x^3+13x^2+30x-120=0.
\end{align*}$$p(x)=x^3+13x^2+30x-120$$\begin{align*}
p(2)&amp;=2^3+13(2)^2+30(2)-120 \\
&amp;=8+52+60-120 =0
\end{ali…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 2
$t(x)=x^{3}-12 x^{2}+48 x+74$$x$$$t(x)=x^{3}-12 x^{2}+48 x+74.$$$t=12$\begin{align*}
t(12)&amp;=(12)^3-12(12)^2+48(12)+74 \\
&amp;=650.
\end{align*}</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 3
$x$$2x$$2x+2$\begin{align*}
&amp; x(2x)(2x+2) = 144 \\
\implies &amp; 4x^2(x+1)=144 \\
\implies &amp; x^2(x+1)=36 \\
\implies &amp; x^3+x^2-36=0
\end{align*}$$p(x)=x^3+x^2-36.$$\begin{align*}
p(3)&amp;=3^3+3^2-36 \\
&amp;=27+9-36 = 0
\end{align*}$x=3$$p(x)$$2(3)$$2(3)+…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 4
$x$$2x+3$$x-2$\begin{align*}
&amp; x(2x+3)(x-2) = 2475 \\
\implies &amp; x(2x^2+3x-4x-6)=2475 \\
\implies &amp; x(2x^2-x-6)-2475=0 \\
\implies &amp; 2x^3-x^2-6x-2475=0
\end{align*}$$p(x)=2x^3-x^2-6x-2475.$$\begin{align*}
p(11)&amp;=2(11)^3-11^2-6(11)-2475 \\
&amp;=2662…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5, Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5, Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 5
$6 x^{2}+38 x+56$$2 x+8$$ACED$$ABFG$$ACED$$6 x^{2}+38 x+56$$2 x+8$\begin{align*}
&amp; 6 x^{2}+38 x+56 \\
= &amp; 2(3x^2+19x+28) \\
= &amp; 2(3x^2+12x+7x+28) \\
= &amp; 2(3x(x+4)+7(x+4)) \\
=&amp; 2(x+4)(3x+7) \\
=&amp; (2x+8)(3x+7)
\end{align*}\begin{align*}
&amp; Length …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 5.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-3-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 5.3

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 5.3 of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 6
$y^3-2y^2-y+2$$y-2$$=p(y)=y^3-2y^2-y+2$$y-2$$y-2$$p(y)$$2$$p(y)$\[
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
2 &amp; 1 &amp; -2 &amp; -1 &amp; 2 \\
&amp; \downarrow   &amp; 2 &amp; 0 &amp; -2 \\
\hline
&amp; 1  &amp; 0  &amp; -1 &amp; 0 \\
\end{array}
\]\begin{align*}
p(y) &amp; = (y-2)(y^2-1) \\
&amp; = (y-2)(y+1)(y-1)…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/ex5-4-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Go to</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 1
$-2-x+x^{2}$$(x-2)(x-1)$$(x+1)(x+2)$$(x+2)(x-1)$$(x+1)(x-2)$$9 y^{2}+9 y-10$$3 y-2$$ 0$$1$$2$$3$$\frac{x^{2}-x-9}{x-3}=x+2+\frac{?}{x-3}$$-27$$-3$$\frac{3}{x-3}+x+2$$ 3$$3 x^{3}-2 x^{2}+5$$x+1$$x+1$$x^{3}+5 x^{2}-4 x+k$$k$$-4$$-20$$20$$0$$…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 &amp; 3, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 &amp; 3, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 &amp; 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\left(64 y^{3}-8\right) \div(4 y-2) \quad$\begin{align*}
\frac{(64 y^{3}-8)}{(4 y-2)}&amp;= \frac{(4y - 2)(16y^{2} + 8y + 4)}{4y - 2}\\
&amp; = 16y^{2} + 8y + 4 .\end{align*}$\left(125 y^{3}-8\right) \div(5 y-2)$\begin{align*}
\frac{(125 y^{3}-8)}{(5 …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 &amp; 5, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 &amp; 5 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $3 y-2$$6 y^{3}-y^{2}-5 y+2$\begin{align*}3y-2&amp;=0\\
3y&amp;=2\\
y&amp;=\frac{2}{3}\end{align*}\begin{align*}
f(y) &amp;= 6y^{3} - y^{2} - 5y + 2\\
f\left(\frac{2}{3}\right) &amp;= 6\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{3} - \left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{2} - 5\left(\frac{2}{3…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 &amp; 7, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 &amp; 7, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 6 &amp; 7 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $k$$\left(x^{2}+8 x+k\right)$$(x-4)$\( p(x) = x^{2} + 8x + k \)\( p(x) \)\( (x - 4) \)\( p(4) \)\( p(4) = 0 \)\begin{align*}
p(4) &amp;= (4)^2 + 8(4) + k \\
&amp;= 16 + 32 + k \\
&amp;= 48 + k.
\end{align*}\[
48 + k = 0.
\]\[
k = -48.
\]$3 x^{2}-x+32-\frac…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 8 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 8
$y^{3}+6 y^{2}-y-30$$(y-2)$$(y+3)$$p(y)=y^{3}+6 y^{2}-y-30$$(y-2)$$(y+3)$$p(y)$$2$$-3$$p(y)$\[
\begin{array}{r|rrrr}
2 &amp; 1 &amp; 6 &amp; -1 &amp; -30 \\
 &amp; \downarrow   &amp; 2  &amp; 16 &amp; 30  \\
\hline
-3 &amp; 1  &amp; 8  &amp; 15 &amp; 0 \\
 &amp; \downarrow   &amp; -3  &amp; -15 &amp;  …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 6 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 6
$k$$\left(x^{2}+8 x+k\right)$$(x-4)$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 7 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 7
$3 x^{2}-x+32-\frac{121}{x+4}$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit05/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 8 of Review Exercise of Unit 05: Polynomials. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. 

Question 8
$y^{3}+6 y^{2}-y-30$$(y-2)$$(y+3)$</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos (\alpha \pm \beta), \sin (\alpha \pm \beta)$$\tan (\alpha \pm \beta)$$\alpha=180^{\circ}, \beta=60^{\circ}$$\alpha=180^{\circ}$$\beta=60^{\circ}$\begin{align*}
 \cos (\alpha + \beta) &amp; = \cos \alpha \cos \beta - \sin \alpha \sin \beta \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos 15^{\circ}$$\cos \left(45^{\circ}-30^{\circ}\right)$\begin{align*}
\cos 15^{\circ} &amp; = \cos \left(45^{\circ}-30^{\circ}\right)\\
&amp;= \cos 45 \cos 30 + \sin 45 \sin 30 \\
&amp;= \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos 120^{\circ}$$\cos \left(180^{\circ}-60^{\circ}\right)$$\cos \left(90^{\circ}+30^{\circ}\right)$\begin{align*}
\cos 120^{\circ} &amp; = \cos \left(180^{\circ}-60^{\circ}\right) \\
&amp;= - \cos 60 ^{\circ}\\
&amp;= -\dfrac{1}{2}.
\end{align*}\begin{…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos 6 \theta \cos 3 \theta-\sin 6 \theta \sin 3 \theta$\begin{align*}
&amp; \cos 6 \theta \cos 3 \theta-\sin 6 \theta \sin 3 \theta \\
&amp; = \cos (6\theta +3\theta) \\
&amp; = \cos 9\theta .
\end{align*}$\cos 7 \theta \cos 2 \theta+\sin 7 \theta \sin…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin \alpha=\dfrac{4}{5}, \tan \beta=-\dfrac{5}{12}$$\cos (\alpha+\beta)$$\cos (\alpha-\beta)$$\sin \alpha=\dfrac{4}{5}$$\alpha$$\tan \beta=-\dfrac{5}{12}$$\beta$$$\cos \alpha=\pm \sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}.$$$\alpha$$\cos$\begin{alig…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\alpha$$\beta$$\sin \alpha=\dfrac{12}{13}$$\tan \beta=\dfrac{4}{3}$$\sin(\alpha+\beta)$$\cos(\alpha+\beta)$$\tan(\alpha+\beta)$$\sin \alpha=\dfrac{12}{13}$$\alpha$$\tan \beta=\dfrac{4}{3}$$\beta$$$\cos \alpha=\pm \sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}.$$\(\a…</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 8 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin \alpha=\dfrac{3}{5}$$0&lt;\alpha&lt;\dfrac{\pi}{2}$$\cos \beta=\dfrac{12}{13}$$\dfrac{3 \pi}{2}&lt;\beta&lt;2 \pi$$\csc (\alpha+\beta)$$\sec (\alpha+\beta)$$\cot (\alpha+\beta)$$\sin \alpha=\dfrac{3}{5}$$0&lt;\alpha&lt;\dfrac{\pi}{2}$$\alpha$\begin{align…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\alpha$$\beta$$\sin \alpha=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$\cos \beta=-\dfrac{3}{5}$$\sin (\alpha \pm \beta)$$\sin \alpha=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$\alpha$$\cos \beta=-\dfrac{3}{5}$$\beta$$$\cos \alpha=\pm \sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}.$$$\alpha$$\cos$\begin{align*…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin \left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)=\cos \alpha$\begin{align*}
L.H.S &amp; = \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right) \\
&amp; =\sin\frac{\pi}{2} \cos \alpha - \cos \frac{\pi}{2} \sin\alpha \\
&amp; = 1\times \cos \alpha - 0 \times \sin\alpha \\
&amp; =…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 11, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 11, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 11 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{\sin \left(180^{\circ}+\lambda\right) \cos \left(270^{\circ}+\lambda\right)}{\sin \left(180^{\circ}-\lambda\right) \cos \left(270^{\circ}-\lambda\right)}=1$\begin{align*}
L.H.S &amp; = \dfrac{\sin \left(180^{\circ}+\lambda\right) \cos \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 12, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 12, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 12 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\alpha+\beta+\gamma=180^{\circ}$$\tan \alpha+\tan \beta+\tan \gamma=\tan \alpha \tan \beta \tan \gamma$$$\alpha+\beta+\gamma=180^{\circ}$$\begin{align*}
&amp; \alpha+\beta=180^{\circ}-\gamma \\
\implies &amp; \tan(\alpha+\beta) = \tan(180^{\circ}-…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 13, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p12?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 13, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 13 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $r \sin (\theta+\phi)$$12 \sin \theta-5 \cos \theta$$12=r\cos \varphi $$-5=r\sin \varphi$\begin{align*}
&amp; (12)^2+(-5)^2=r^2 \cos^2\varphi+r^2 \sin^2 \varphi \\
\implies &amp; 144+25={{r}^{2}}\left( {{\cos }^{2}}\varphi +{{\sin }^{2}}\varphi  \r…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p13?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 14, Exercise 8.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-1-p13?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 14, Exercise 8.1

Solutions of Question 14 of Exercise 8.1 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\theta$$\sin \theta$$\cos \theta$$\alpha$\begin{align*}
&amp;\tan\alpha = \frac{\overline{BC}}{\overline{AB}} \\
\implies &amp;\tan\alpha = \frac{3}{3} = 1 \\
\implies &amp;\alpha = \tan^{-1}(1) = 45^\circ
\end{align*}$45^\circ$$\theta$\begin{align*}
…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, 2 and 3 Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, 2 and 3 Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 1, 2 and 3 of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $P(-3,4)$$\theta$$\theta$$\cos 2 \theta$$\sin 2 \theta$$2 \theta$$x=-3$$y=4$\begin{align*}
r&amp;= \sqrt{(-3)^2+4^2} \\
&amp;=\sqrt{25} = 5.
\end{align*}$$\sin\theta = \frac{4}{5} \text{ and } \cos\theta = -\frac{3}{5}.$$\begin{align…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin 2 \theta$$\cos 2 \theta$$\tan 2 \theta$$\sin \frac{\theta}{2}$$\cos \frac{\theta}{2}$$\tan \frac{\theta}{2}$$\cos \theta=\frac{3}{5}$$0&lt;\theta&lt;\frac{\pi}{2}$$\cos\theta=\dfrac{3}{5}$$0&lt;\theta&lt;\dfrac{\pi}{2}$$\theta$$$\sin\theta = \pm \sq…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 5 of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin \theta$$\cos \theta$$\tan \theta$$\sin 2 \theta=\frac{24}{25}, 2 \theta$$\sin 2\theta=\dfrac{24}{25}$$2\theta$$$\cos 2\theta = \pm \sqrt{1-\sin^2 2\theta}$$$2\theta$$\cos 2\theta$\begin{align*}\cos 2\theta &amp; = - \sqrt{1-\sin^2 2\theta}\\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6 Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6 Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin 15^{\circ} \cos 15^{\circ}$$$\sin 2 \theta = 2\sin\theta \cos\theta$$$$\sin\theta \cos\theta = \frac{1}{2}\sin 2\theta$$$\theta = 15^{\circ}$\begin{align*}
\sin 15^{\circ} \cos 15^{\circ} &amp; = \frac{1}{2}\sin 2(15^{\circ}) \\
&amp; \frac{1}{2…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 7 of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$\sin ^{2} \alpha \cos ^{2} \alpha$$\begin{align*}
\sin ^{2} \alpha \cos ^{2} \alpha &amp;= \left(\frac{1-\cos 2\alpha}{2} \right)\left(\frac{1+\cos 2\alpha}{2} \right)\\
&amp;= \frac{1}{4}(1-\cos^2 2\alpha) \\
&amp;=\frac{1}{4}\left(1-\frac{1+\cos 4\alp…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(i, ii &amp; iii) Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(i, ii &amp; iii) Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(i, ii &amp; iii) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $(\sin \theta+\cos \theta)^{2}=1+\sin 2 \theta$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp; = (\sin \theta+\cos \theta)^{2} \\
&amp;=\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta +2\sin \theta \cos\theta\\
&amp;= 1+2\sin \theta \cos\theta \quad (\because \sin^2\theta…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(iv, v &amp; vi) Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(iv, v &amp; vi) Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(iv, v &amp; vi) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\csc 2 \alpha=\dfrac{\tan \alpha+\cot \alpha}{2}$\begin{align*}
RHS &amp; = \dfrac{\tan \alpha+\cot \alpha}{2} \\
&amp; = \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sin\alpha}{\cos\alpha}+\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha} \right)\\
\end{align*}$8 \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(vii, viii &amp; ix) Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(vii, viii &amp; ix) Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(vii, viii &amp; ix) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin 2 \theta=2 \cot \theta \sin ^{2} \theta$\begin{align*}
RHS &amp;= 2 \cot \theta \sin ^{2} \theta\\
&amp;= 2 \frac{\cos \theta }{\sin \theta} \sin ^{2} \theta\\
&amp;= 2 \cos \theta \sin\theta\\
&amp;=  \sin2 \theta\\
&amp;=LH…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(x, xi &amp; xii) Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(x, xi &amp; xii) Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(x, xi &amp; xii) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sec 2 x=\dfrac{\cos x}{\cos x+\sin x}+\dfrac{\sin x}{\cos x-\sin x}$\begin{align*}
RHS &amp;= \dfrac{\cos x}{\cos x+\sin x}+\dfrac{\sin x}{\cos x-\sin x}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{\cos x(\cos x-\sin x)+\sin x(\cos x+\sin x)}{(\cos x+\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(xiii, xiv &amp; xv)  Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(xiii, xiv &amp; xv)  Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(xiii, xiv &amp; xv) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\csc 2 \alpha-\cot 2 \alpha=\tan \alpha$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp;= \csc 2 \alpha-\cot 2 \alpha\\
&amp;=\frac{1}{\sin 2 \alpha}- \frac{\cos2 \alpha}{\sin 2\alpha }\\
&amp;=\frac{1-\cos2 \alpha}{\sin2 \alpha}\\
&amp;= \frac{2\si…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(xvi, xvii &amp; xviii)  Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(xvi, xvii &amp; xviii)  Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(xvi, xvii &amp; xviii) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{1-\cos ^{2} \beta}{2-2 \cos \beta}=\cos ^{2} \dfrac{\beta}{2}$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp;= \dfrac{1-\cos ^{2} \beta}{2-2 \cos \beta}\\
&amp;= \dfrac{\sin ^{2} \beta}{2-2 \cos \beta}\\
&amp;=\dfrac{4\sin ^{2} \fr…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p12?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8(xix, xx, xxi &amp; xxii)  Exercise 8.2</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-2-p12?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8(xix, xx, xxi &amp; xxii)  Exercise 8.2

Solutions of Question 8(xix, xx, xxi &amp; xxii) of Exercise 8.2 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$\frac{\sin 2 \alpha}{\sin \alpha}-\frac{\cos 2 \alpha}{\cos \alpha}=\sec \alpha$$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp;= \dfrac{\sin 2 \alpha}{\sin \alpha}-\frac{\cos 2 \alpha}{\cos \alpha}\\
&amp;= \dfrac{\sin 2 \alpha …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1(i, ii, iii &amp; iv)  Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1(i, ii, iii &amp; iv)  Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 1(i, ii, iii &amp; iv) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$4 \sin 16x \cos 10x $$\begin{align*}
&amp;4 \sin 16x \cos 10x \\
&amp; = 2 (2\sin 16x \cos 10x) \\
&amp;= 2[\sin(16x+10x)+\sin(16x-10x)]\\
&amp;= 2[\sin (26x)+\sin(6x)]
\end{align*}$10 \cos 10y \cos 6y$\begin{align*}
&amp;10 \…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1(v, vi, vii &amp; viii) Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1(v, vi, vii &amp; viii) Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 1(v, vi, vii &amp; viii) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $ \sin(-u) \sin 5u$\begin{align*}
&amp;\sin(-u) \sin 5u \\
=&amp; -\sin u \sin 5u \\
=&amp; -\frac{1}{2}[\cos(u - 5u) - \cos(u + 5u)] \\
= &amp;-\frac{1}{2}[\cos(-4u) - \cos(6u)] \\
=&amp; \frac{1}{2}[\cos(6u) - \cos(4u) ]
\e…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1(ix, x &amp; xi) Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1(ix, x &amp; xi) Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 1(ix, x &amp; xi) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2 \sin 75{\circ} \sin 15{\circ}$\begin{align*}
&amp;\quad2 \sin 75^{\circ} \sin 15^{\circ} \\
&amp;= \cos(75^{\circ} - 15^{\circ}) - \cos(75^{\circ} + 15^{\circ}) \\
&amp;= \cos 60^{\circ} - \cos 90^{\circ} \\
\end{align*}$4 \sin …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2(i, ii, iii, iv and v) Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2(i, ii, iii, iv and v) Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 2(i, ii, iii, iv and v) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin 70^{\circ} + \sin 30^{\circ}$\begin{align*}
 &amp; \quad \sin 70^{\circ} + \sin 30^{\circ} \\
&amp; = 2 \sin \left(\frac{70+30}{2} \right) \cos \left(\frac{70-30}{2} \right) \\
&amp; = 2 \sin \left(\frac{1…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3(i, ii, iii, iv &amp; v) Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3(i, ii, iii, iv &amp; v) Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 3(i, ii, iii, iv &amp; v) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{\cos (\alpha + \beta)}{\cos(\alpha - \beta)}=\dfrac{1- \tan \alpha \tan \beta}{1+ \tan \alpha \tan \beta}$\begin{align*}
RHS &amp; = \dfrac{1- \tan \alpha \tan \beta}{1+ \tan \alpha \tan \beta} \\
&amp; …</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3(vi, vii, viii, ix &amp; x) Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3(vi, vii, viii, ix &amp; x) Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 3(vi, vii, viii, ix &amp; x) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2\tan y \cos 3y= \sec y(\sin 4y-\sin 2y)$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp; = 2\tan y \cos 3y \\
&amp; = 2 \cdot \frac{\sin y}{\cos y} \cos 3y \\
&amp; = \sec y (2 \cos 3y \sin y) \\
&amp; = \sec y \left(\sin (3y+y)-\sin (…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3(xi, xii &amp; xiii) Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3(xi, xii &amp; xiii) Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 3(xi, xii &amp; xiii) of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $2\cos2u \cos u-\sin 2u \sin u=2\cos^3 u$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp; = 2\cos 2u \cos u - \sin 2u \sin u \\
&amp; = 2\left(\cos^2 u - \sin^2 u\right) \cos u - 2\sin u \cos u \sin u \\
&amp; = 2\cos^3 u - 2\sin^2 u \cos u \\
&amp; =…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4 Exercise 8.3</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/ex8-3-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4 Exercise 8.3

Solutions of Question 4 of Exercise 8.3 of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos 80^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ} \cos 40^{\circ} \cos 20^{\circ}=\dfrac{1}{16}$\begin{align*}
LHS &amp;= \cos 80^\circ \cos 60^\circ \cos 40^\circ \cos 20^\circ \\
&amp;= \cos 80^\circ \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \cos 40^\circ \cos 20^\circ \\
&amp;= \frac{1…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin \left(45^{\circ}-30^{\circ}\right)=\ldots$$\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}$$\frac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{4}$$\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{2}$$\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2}$$\tan \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\ldots$$\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin \theta=\dfrac{3}{5}, \sin \phi=\dfrac{5}{13}$$\theta$$\phi$$\sin (\theta-\phi)$$\sin \theta=\dfrac{3}{5}$$\sin \phi=\dfrac{5}{13}$$\theta$$\phi$\begin{align*}
\cos^2 \theta &amp;= 1-\sin^2\theta\\
&amp;= 1-\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2\\
&amp; =…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\sin \beta+\cos \beta)$\begin{align*}
&amp;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\sin \beta+\cos \beta)\\
=&amp; \sin \frac{\pi}{4}\sin \beta+\cos \frac{\pi}{4}\cos \beta\\
=&amp; \cos(\beta -\frac{\pi}{4})
\end{align*}$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \sin 75^…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{1+\tan 15^{\circ}}{1-\tan 15^{\circ}}$\begin{align*}
&amp;\frac{1+\tan 15^{\circ}}{1-\tan 15^{\circ}}\\
=&amp;\frac{1+\tan 15^{\circ}}{1-1 \cdot \tan 15^{\circ}}\\
=&amp;\frac{\tan 45^{\circ} + \tan 15^{\circ}}{1 - \tan 45^{\circ} \tan 15^{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\tan \theta$$\tan \left(\theta-45^{\circ}\right)=\frac{1}{3}$\begin{align*}
&amp; \frac{\tan \theta - \tan 45^{\circ}}{1 + \tan \theta \cdot \tan 45^{\circ}} =\frac{1}{3}\\
\implies &amp; \frac{\tan \theta - 1}{1 + \tan \theta}= \f…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 7 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\dfrac{4 \sin ^{2} \theta \cos \theta}{\cos 3 \theta+\cos \theta}=\tan 2 \theta \tan \theta$\begin{align*}
LHS&amp;=\frac{4 \sin^2 \theta \cos \theta}{\cos 3 \theta + \cos \theta}\\
&amp;=\frac{4 \sin \theta\sin \theta \cos \theta}{4\cos^ 3 \t…</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 8 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$\sqrt{\frac{\cos \left(90^{\circ}+x\right) \sec (-x) \tan \left(180^{\circ}-x\right)}{\sec \left(360^{\circ}-x\right) \sin \left(180^{\circ}+x\right) \cot \left(90^{\circ}-x\right)}}=i .$$\begin{align*}
LHS&amp;= \sqrt{\frac{\cos \left(90…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 9 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $$\sqrt{\frac{\left(1-\tan ^{2} x \cos (-x) \cos \left(360^{\circ}-x\right)\right) \tan 45^{\circ}}{\left\{\sin 90^{\circ}-\sin \left(180^{\circ}+x\right)\right\}\left\{\sin 90^{\circ}-\cos \left(90^{\circ}-x\right)\right\}}}$$\begin{al…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit08/re-ex-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 10 of Review Exercise of Unit 08: Fundamental of Trigonometry. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin (16 x)=16 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cos (2 x) \cos (4 x) \cos (8 x)$\begin{align*}
RHS&amp;=16 \sin (x) \cos (x) \cos (2 x) \cos (4 x) \cos (8 x) \\
&amp;= 8(2 \sin (x) \cos (x) )\cos (2 x) \cos (4 x) \cos (8 x) \\
&amp;=  8 \sin2 (x) \cos (2 x) \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 1 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=2-2 \operatorname{Cos} \theta$\begin{align*} -1 \leq \operatorname{Cos} \theta \leq 1 \end{align*}$-2$\begin{align*} &amp; 2 \geq -2 \operatorname{Cos} \theta \geq -2 \end{align*}$2$\begin{align*}
 &amp; 4 \geq 2-2 \operatorname{Cos} \theta \geq 0 \\
…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 2 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=\dfrac{1}{4+3 \operatorname{Sin} \theta}$\begin{align*} -1 \leq \operatorname{Sin} \theta \leq 1 \end{align*}$3$\begin{align*}  -3 \leq 3 \operatorname{Sin} \theta \leq 3 \end{align*}$4$\begin{align*}
 &amp; 1 \leq 4+3 \operatorname{Sin} \theta \l…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 3, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 3, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 3 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=7 \cos 4x$\begin{align*} 
&amp; -1\leq \cos 4x \leq 1 \,\, \forall \,\, x\in \mathbb{R} \\
\implies &amp; -7\leq 7 \cos 4x \leq 7 \\
\end{align*}$= ]-\infty, \infty[ = \mathbb{R}$$=[-7,7]$$y=\cos \frac{x}{3}$\begin{align*} 
&amp; -1\leq \cos \frac{x}{3} \…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4(i-iv), Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4(i-iv), Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 4(i-iv) of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=\sin x+x \cdot \cos x$$f(x)=\sin x+x \cdot \cos x$\begin{align*} f(-x)  = \sin (-x) + (-x)\cdot \cos (-x) \end{align*}$\sin(-x)=-\sin x$$\cos (-x) = \cos x$\begin{align*}
f(x) &amp; = -\sin x - x \cdot \cos x \\
&amp; = -(\sin x + x \cdot …</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4(v-viii), Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4(v-viii), Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 4(v-viii) of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=\dfrac{\sin ^{2} x}{x+\tan x}$\[y = \frac{\sin^2 x}{x + \tan x}\]\begin{align*}
y(-x) &amp;= \frac{\big(-\sin x\big)^2}{-x - \tan x} \\
&amp;= \frac{\sin^2 x}{-x - \tan x}\\
&amp; = \frac{\sin^2 x}{-(x + \tan x)}\\
&amp; = -\frac{\sin^2 x}{x +…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5(i-v), Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5(i-v), Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 5(i-v) of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=2 \operatorname{Sin} x$$y=2 \operatorname{Cos} 3 x$$y=2 \operatorname{Tan} 2 x$$\mathrm{y}=\operatorname{Cos} \frac{\mathrm{x}}{2}$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5(vi-x), Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5(vi-x), Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 5(vi-x) of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=2 \operatorname{Sin} 3 x$$y=3 \operatorname{Cos} x$$y=\operatorname{Cos}^{2} x$$y=\operatorname{Sin}^{2} x$$y=\operatorname{Tan}^{2} x$$y=\operatorname{Sin} \frac{x}{2}$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 6, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 6, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 6 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=6 \sec(2 x-3)$$\sec$$2\pi$\begin{align*}
6 \sec(2 x-3) &amp; = 6 \sec(2 x-3+2\pi) \\
&amp; = 6 \sec(2(x+\pi)-3)
\end{align*}$6 \sec(2 x-3)$$\pi$$y=\cos (5 x+4)$$\cos$$2\pi$\begin{align*}
\cos (5 x+4) &amp; = 6 \cos(5x+4+2\pi) \\
&amp; = \cos\left(5\left(x+\fr…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 7 &amp; 8, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7 &amp; 8, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 7 &amp; 8 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $y=\operatorname{Sin} x$$y=\operatorname{Sin} 2 x$$[0,2 \pi]$$y=\operatorname{Cos} x$$y=\operatorname{Cos} 2 x$$[0,2 \pi]$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 9 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\sin x=\cos x$$\cos x=x$$\sin x=x$$\tan x=x$</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10, Exercise 9.1</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/ex9-1-p11?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10, Exercise 9.1

Solutions of Question 10 of Exercise 9.1 of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $ V(t)=a \operatorname{Sin}(k(t-d))+c$$56 \mathrm{~Hz} A C$$k$</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3,Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-1-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3,Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-1-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 1,Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p1?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 1,Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 1 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos \theta=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$$\sin \theta=$$\frac{1}{2}$$-\frac{1}{2}$$\sqrt{3}$$-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$$\tan (-15 \pi)=$$ 0$$-1$$1$$2 \sin \theta+\frac{1}{2}cosec \theta \theta $$\theta=45^{\circ}$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$\frac{1}{3}$$\frac{3}{…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p2?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 2 and 3, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 2 and 3 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan. $\cos \theta -\sin \theta=\sqrt{2}\sin \theta,$$\cos \theta+ \sin \theta=\sqrt{2} \cos \theta$$$\cos \theta -\sin \theta=\sqrt{2}\sin \theta$$\begin{align*}
&amp; \cos \theta=\sqrt{2}\sin \theta + \sin \theta \\
\implies &amp; \cos \the…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 4, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p3?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 4, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 4 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
    </item>
    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 5 and 6, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p4?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 5 and 6, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 5 and 6 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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        <title>Question 7, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p5?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 7, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 7 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 8, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p6?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 8, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 8 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 9, Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p7?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 9, Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 9 of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10(i-v), Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p8?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10(i-v), Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 10(i-v) of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10(vi-x), Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p9?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10(vi-x), Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 10(vi-x) of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Question 10(xi-xv), Review Exercise</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/math-11-nbf/sol/unit09/re-ex-p10?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Question 10(xi-xv), Review Exercise

Solutions of Question 10(xi-xv) of Review Exercise of Unit 09: Trigonometric Functions. This is unit of Model Textbook of Mathematics for Class XI published by National Book Foundation (NBF) as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad, Pakistan.</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 07: Linear Equations and Inequalities: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit07/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 07: Linear Equations and Inequalities: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 07: Linear Equations and Inequalities, Mathematics 9 (Science Group), are given



List of all exercise of Unit 07

	*  Exercise 7.1

	*  Exercise 7.2

	*  Exercise 7.3</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit08/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit08/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 08: Linear Graph and their Application, Mathematics 9 (Science Group), are given



List of all exercise of Unit 08

	*  Exercise 8.1 (Solutions)

	*  Exercise 8.2 (Solutions)

	*  Exercise 8.3 (Solutions)</description>
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        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Exercise 11.1 (Solutions)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/9th_science/unit11/11-1?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Exercise 11.1 (Solutions)

On this page solutions of Exercise of Unit 11: Parallelograms and Triangles of Mathematics 9 written by Dr. Karamat H. Dar and Prof. Irfan-ul-Haq has been given. There are two questions in this exercise and solution of both the questions are given below.
$ABCD$$m\angle B=130^\circ$$m\angle B=m\angle D$$m\angle B=m\angle D=130^\circ$\begin{align}
&amp; m\angle A +\,\,m\angle B=180^\circ \\ 
&amp; m\angle A+\,{{130}^{\circ }}={{180}^{\circ }}\\
&amp; m\angle A={{180}^{\circ }}-{{130…</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit01/viewer?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:00+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 01: Quadratic Equations: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit01/viewer?rev=1737476040&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 01: Quadratic Equations: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 01: Quadratic Equations, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 01

	*  Exercise 1.1

	*  Exercise 1.2

	*  Exercise 1.3</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit02/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 02: Theory of Quadratic Equations: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit02/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 02: Theory of Quadratic Equations: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 02: Theory of Quadratic Equations, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 02</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit03/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 03: Variations: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit03/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 03: Variations: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 03: Variations, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 03

	*  Exercise 3.1

	*  Exercise 3.2

	*  Exercise 3.3

	*  Exercise 3.4

	*  Exercise 3.5

	*  Exercise 3.6</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit04/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 04: Partial Fractions: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit04/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 04: Partial Fractions: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 04: Partial Fractions, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan.



List of all exercise of Unit 04

	*  Exercise 4.1

	*  Exercise 4.2

	*  Exercise 4.3

	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit05/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 05: Sets and Functions: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit05/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 05: Sets and Functions: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 05: Sets and Functions, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan are given.



List of all exercise of Unit 05

	*  Exercise 5.1

	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit06/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Unit 06: Basic Statistics: Online View</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/matric/10th_science/unit06/viewer?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Unit 06: Basic Statistics: Online View

On this page the solutions of Unit 06: Basic Statistics, Mathematics 10 (Science Group), published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Pakistan are given.



List of all exercise of Unit 06

	*  Exercise 6.1

	*  Exercise 6.2

	*</description>
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    <item rdf:about="https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus/uos/preparation_guide?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:01+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>Preparation Guide</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/msc/syllabus/uos/preparation_guide?rev=1737476041&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Preparation Guide

This guide is made by Mr. Anwar Khan, PhD. We are very thankful to him for sharing. This guide is helpful to prepare papers for MSc Mathematics (annual system) from University of Sargodha. 

Part 1

1. REAL ANAYSIS

	*  Real Analysis (Notes by Syed Gul Shah)
	*  Chapter # 08 sequences and series of Mathematical Method by SM Yousaf (solutions are available $z= f(x,y)$</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-01-21T16:14:02+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>View Online (PU)</title>
        <link>https://beta.mathcity.org/papers/old_papers_for_bsc_mathematics/punjab_university/view?rev=1737476042&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>View Online (PU)

	*  Old/previous papers of BSc (only mathematics), University of the Punjab, Lahore.</description>
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</rdf:RDF>
